diff --git a/sys/coda/coda_vnops.c b/sys/coda/coda_vnops.c
index 62c3c61..82e824b 100644
--- a/sys/coda/coda_vnops.c
+++ b/sys/coda/coda_vnops.c
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ coda_open(struct vop_open_args *ap)
     cp->c_inode = inode;
 
     /* Open the cache file. */
-    error = VOP_OPEN(vp, flag, cred, td, -1); 
+    error = VOP_OPEN(vp, flag, cred, td, NULL); 
     if (error) {
     	printf("coda_open: VOP_OPEN on container failed %d\n", error);
 	return (error);
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ coda_rdwr(struct vnode *vp, struct uio *uiop, enum uio_rw rw, int ioflag,
 	    opened_internally = 1;
 	    MARK_INT_GEN(CODA_OPEN_STATS);
 	    error = VOP_OPEN(vp, (rw == UIO_READ ? FREAD : FWRITE), 
-			     cred, td, -1);
+			     cred, td, NULL);
 printf("coda_rdwr: Internally Opening %p\n", vp);
 	    if (error) {
 		printf("coda_rdwr: VOP_OPEN on container failed %d\n", error);
@@ -1525,7 +1525,7 @@ coda_readdir(struct vop_readdir_args *ap)
 	if (cp->c_ovp == NULL) {
 	    opened_internally = 1;
 	    MARK_INT_GEN(CODA_OPEN_STATS);
-	    error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, cred, td, -1);
+	    error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, cred, td, NULL);
 printf("coda_readdir: Internally Opening %p\n", vp);
 	    if (error) {
 		printf("coda_readdir: VOP_OPEN on container failed %d\n", error);
diff --git a/sys/compat/linux/linux_misc.c b/sys/compat/linux/linux_misc.c
index 0462d68..deb3853 100644
--- a/sys/compat/linux/linux_misc.c
+++ b/sys/compat/linux/linux_misc.c
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ linux_uselib(struct thread *td, struct linux_uselib_args *args)
 	if (error)
 		goto cleanup;
 #endif
-	error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td, -1);
+	error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td, NULL);
 	if (error)
 		goto cleanup;
 
@@ -1451,6 +1451,7 @@ linux_getpid(struct thread *td, struct linux_getpid_args *args)
 int
 linux_gettid(struct thread *td, struct linux_gettid_args *args)
 {
+
 #ifdef DEBUG
 	if (ldebug(gettid))
 		printf(ARGS(gettid, ""));
diff --git a/sys/compat/ndis/subr_ndis.c b/sys/compat/ndis/subr_ndis.c
index 2a559a1..29c7d8a 100644
--- a/sys/compat/ndis/subr_ndis.c
+++ b/sys/compat/ndis/subr_ndis.c
@@ -2961,7 +2961,7 @@ NdisOpenFile(status, filehandle, filelength, filename, highestaddr)
 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW | MPSAFE, UIO_SYSSPACE, path, td);
 
 	flags = FREAD;
-	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, -1);
+	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, NULL);
 	if (error) {
 		*status = NDIS_STATUS_FILE_NOT_FOUND;
 		ExFreePool(fh);
diff --git a/sys/compat/opensolaris/kern/opensolaris_kobj.c b/sys/compat/opensolaris/kern/opensolaris_kobj.c
index 2687a70..32365dd 100644
--- a/sys/compat/opensolaris/kern/opensolaris_kobj.c
+++ b/sys/compat/opensolaris/kern/opensolaris_kobj.c
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ kobj_open_file_vnode(const char *file)
 
 	flags = FREAD;
 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, NOFOLLOW, UIO_SYSSPACE, file, td);
-	error = vn_open_cred(&nd, &flags, 0, td->td_ucred, -1);
+	error = vn_open_cred(&nd, &flags, 0, td->td_ucred, NULL);
 	NDFREE(&nd, NDF_ONLY_PNBUF);
 	if (error != 0)
 		return (NULL);
diff --git a/sys/compat/opensolaris/sys/vnode.h b/sys/compat/opensolaris/sys/vnode.h
index c8acd1c..cbcb937 100644
--- a/sys/compat/opensolaris/sys/vnode.h
+++ b/sys/compat/opensolaris/sys/vnode.h
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ zfs_vn_open(char *pnamep, enum uio_seg seg, int filemode, int createmode,
 		td->td_proc->p_fd->fd_cdir = rootvnode;
 
 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, NOFOLLOW, UIO_SYSSPACE, pnamep, td);
-	error = vn_open_cred(&nd, &filemode, createmode, td->td_ucred, -1);
+	error = vn_open_cred(&nd, &filemode, createmode, td->td_ucred, NULL);
 	NDFREE(&nd, NDF_ONLY_PNBUF);
 	if (error == 0) {
 		/* We just unlock so we hold a reference. */
diff --git a/sys/dev/md/md.c b/sys/dev/md/md.c
index 536dde6..cfcfda7 100644
--- a/sys/dev/md/md.c
+++ b/sys/dev/md/md.c
@@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ mdcreate_vnode(struct md_s *sc, struct md_ioctl *mdio, struct thread *td)
 	if ((mdio->md_options & MD_READONLY) != 0)
 		flags &= ~FWRITE;
 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW | MPSAFE, UIO_SYSSPACE, sc->file, td);
-	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, -1);
+	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, NULL);
 	if (error != 0)
 		return (error);
 	vfslocked = NDHASGIANT(&nd);
diff --git a/sys/fs/devfs/devfs_vnops.c b/sys/fs/devfs/devfs_vnops.c
index 575498a..03d7cf6 100644
--- a/sys/fs/devfs/devfs_vnops.c
+++ b/sys/fs/devfs/devfs_vnops.c
@@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ devfs_open(struct vop_open_args *ap)
 	struct thread *td = ap->a_td;
 	struct vnode *vp = ap->a_vp;
 	struct cdev *dev = vp->v_rdev;
-	struct file *fp;
+	struct file *fp = ap->a_fp;
 	int error;
 	struct cdevsw *dsw;
 
@@ -761,13 +761,13 @@ devfs_open(struct vop_open_args *ap)
 	if(!(dsw->d_flags & D_NEEDGIANT)) {
 		DROP_GIANT();
 		if (dsw->d_fdopen != NULL)
-			error = dsw->d_fdopen(dev, ap->a_mode, td, ap->a_fdidx);
+			error = dsw->d_fdopen(dev, ap->a_mode, td, ap->a_fp);
 		else
 			error = dsw->d_open(dev, ap->a_mode, S_IFCHR, td);
 		PICKUP_GIANT();
 	} else {
 		if (dsw->d_fdopen != NULL)
-			error = dsw->d_fdopen(dev, ap->a_mode, td, ap->a_fdidx);
+			error = dsw->d_fdopen(dev, ap->a_mode, td, ap->a_fp);
 		else
 			error = dsw->d_open(dev, ap->a_mode, S_IFCHR, td);
 	}
@@ -780,19 +780,12 @@ devfs_open(struct vop_open_args *ap)
 		return (error);
 
 #if 0	/* /dev/console */
-	KASSERT(ap->a_fdidx >= 0,
+	KASSERT(ap->a_fp != NULL,
 	     ("Could not vnode bypass device on fd %d", ap->a_fdidx));
 #else
-	if(ap->a_fdidx < 0)
+	if(ap->a_fp == NULL)
 		return (error);
 #endif
-	/*
-	 * This is a pretty disgustingly long chain, but I am not
-	 * sure there is any better way.  Passing the fdidx into
-	 * VOP_OPEN() offers us more information than just passing
-	 * the file *.
-	 */
-	fp = ap->a_td->td_proc->p_fd->fd_ofiles[ap->a_fdidx];
 	FILE_LOCK(fp);
 	KASSERT(fp->f_ops == &badfileops,
 	     ("Could not vnode bypass device on fdops %p", fp->f_ops));
diff --git a/sys/fs/fifofs/fifo_vnops.c b/sys/fs/fifofs/fifo_vnops.c
index 2e1e143..06a1b1e 100644
--- a/sys/fs/fifofs/fifo_vnops.c
+++ b/sys/fs/fifofs/fifo_vnops.c
@@ -175,12 +175,12 @@ fifo_open(ap)
 	struct fifoinfo *fip;
 	struct thread *td = ap->a_td;
 	struct ucred *cred = ap->a_cred;
+	struct file *fp = ap->a_fp;
 	struct socket *rso, *wso;
-	struct file *fp;
 	int error;
 
 	ASSERT_VOP_LOCKED(vp, "fifo_open");
-	if (ap->a_fdidx < 0)
+	if (ap->a_fp == NULL)
 		return (EINVAL);
 	if ((fip = vp->v_fifoinfo) == NULL) {
 		MALLOC(fip, struct fifoinfo *, sizeof(*fip), M_VNODE, M_WAITOK);
@@ -293,8 +293,7 @@ fail1:
 		}
 	}
 	mtx_unlock(&fifo_mtx);
-	KASSERT(ap->a_fdidx >= 0, ("can't fifo/vnode bypass %d", ap->a_fdidx));
-	fp = ap->a_td->td_proc->p_fd->fd_ofiles[ap->a_fdidx];
+	KASSERT(fp != NULL, ("can't fifo/vnode bypass"));
 	FILE_LOCK(fp);
 	KASSERT(fp->f_ops == &badfileops, ("not badfileops in fifo_open"));
 	fp->f_data = fip;
diff --git a/sys/fs/smbfs/smbfs_vnops.c b/sys/fs/smbfs/smbfs_vnops.c
index 196fdc7..40d3cdb 100644
--- a/sys/fs/smbfs/smbfs_vnops.c
+++ b/sys/fs/smbfs/smbfs_vnops.c
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ smbfs_setattr(ap)
 		 */
 		if ((np->n_flag & NOPEN) == 0) {
 			if (vcp->vc_flags & SMBV_WIN95) {
-				error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FWRITE, ap->a_cred, ap->a_td, -1);
+				error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FWRITE, ap->a_cred, ap->a_td, NULL);
 				if (!error) {
 /*				error = smbfs_smb_setfattrNT(np, 0, mtime, atime, &scred);
 				VOP_GETATTR(vp, &vattr, ap->a_cred, ap->a_td);*/
diff --git a/sys/fs/unionfs/union.h b/sys/fs/unionfs/union.h
index 157018a..1931d32 100644
--- a/sys/fs/unionfs/union.h
+++ b/sys/fs/unionfs/union.h
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ struct unionfs_node_status {
 	int		uns_lower_opencnt;	/* open count of lower */
 	int		uns_upper_opencnt;	/* open count of upper */
 	int		uns_lower_openmode;	/* open mode of lower */
-	int		uns_lower_fdidx;	/* open fdidx of lower */
 	int		uns_readdir_status;	/* read status of readdir */
 };
 
diff --git a/sys/fs/unionfs/union_subr.c b/sys/fs/unionfs/union_subr.c
index 8171eec..5007b98 100644
--- a/sys/fs/unionfs/union_subr.c
+++ b/sys/fs/unionfs/union_subr.c
@@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ unionfs_vn_create_on_upper(struct vnode **vpp, struct vnode *udvp,
 	if ((error = VOP_CREATE(udvp, &vp, &cn, uvap)) != 0)
 		goto unionfs_vn_create_on_upper_free_out1;
 
-	if ((error = VOP_OPEN(vp, fmode, cred, td, -1)) != 0) {
+	if ((error = VOP_OPEN(vp, fmode, cred, td, NULL)) != 0) {
 		vput(vp);
 		goto unionfs_vn_create_on_upper_free_out1;
 	}
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ unionfs_copyfile(struct unionfs_node *unp, int docopy, struct ucred *cred,
 	}
 
 	if (docopy != 0) {
-		error = VOP_OPEN(lvp, FREAD, cred, td, -1);
+		error = VOP_OPEN(lvp, FREAD, cred, td, NULL);
 		if (error == 0) {
 			error = unionfs_copyfile_core(lvp, uvp, cred, td);
 			VOP_CLOSE(lvp, FREAD, cred, td);
@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ unionfs_check_rmdir(struct vnode *vp, struct ucred *cred, struct thread *td)
 		return (0);
 
 	/* open vnode */
-	if ((error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, cred, td, -1)) != 0)
+	if ((error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, cred, td, NULL)) != 0)
 		return (error);
 
 	uio.uio_rw = UIO_READ;
diff --git a/sys/fs/unionfs/union_vnops.c b/sys/fs/unionfs/union_vnops.c
index 55e75ef..e63683c 100644
--- a/sys/fs/unionfs/union_vnops.c
+++ b/sys/fs/unionfs/union_vnops.c
@@ -475,13 +475,13 @@ unionfs_open(struct vop_open_args *ap)
 			targetvp = uvp;
 	}
 
-	error = VOP_OPEN(targetvp, ap->a_mode, cred, td, ap->a_fdidx);
+	error = VOP_OPEN(targetvp, ap->a_mode, cred, td, ap->a_fp);
 	if (error == 0) {
 		if (targetvp == uvp) {
 			if (uvp->v_type == VDIR && lvp != NULLVP &&
 			    unsp->uns_lower_opencnt <= 0) {
 				/* open lower for readdir */
-				error = VOP_OPEN(lvp, FREAD, cred, td, -1);
+				error = VOP_OPEN(lvp, FREAD, cred, td, NULL);
 				if (error != 0) {
 					VOP_CLOSE(uvp, ap->a_mode, cred, td);
 					goto unionfs_open_abort;
@@ -493,7 +493,6 @@ unionfs_open(struct vop_open_args *ap)
 		} else {
 			unsp->uns_lower_opencnt++;
 			unsp->uns_lower_openmode = ap->a_mode;
-			unsp->uns_lower_fdidx = ap->a_fdidx;
 		}
 		ap->a_vp->v_object = targetvp->v_object;
 	}
@@ -1852,7 +1851,8 @@ unionfs_advlock(struct vop_advlock_args *ap)
 		unionfs_get_node_status(unp, td, &unsp);
 		if (unsp->uns_lower_opencnt > 0) {
 			/* try reopen the vnode */
-			error = VOP_OPEN(uvp, unsp->uns_lower_openmode, td->td_ucred, td, unsp->uns_lower_fdidx);
+			error = VOP_OPEN(uvp, unsp->uns_lower_openmode,
+				td->td_ucred, td, NULL);
 			if (error)
 				goto unionfs_advlock_abort;
 			unsp->uns_upper_opencnt++;
diff --git a/sys/i386/ibcs2/imgact_coff.c b/sys/i386/ibcs2/imgact_coff.c
index 1f44716..054574f 100644
--- a/sys/i386/ibcs2/imgact_coff.c
+++ b/sys/i386/ibcs2/imgact_coff.c
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ coff_load_file(struct thread *td, char *name)
   	if ((error = VOP_ACCESS(vp, VEXEC, td->td_ucred, td)) != 0)
     		goto fail;
 
-  	if ((error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td, -1)) != 0)
+  	if ((error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td, NULL)) != 0)
     		goto fail;
 
 	/*
diff --git a/sys/kern/kern_acct.c b/sys/kern/kern_acct.c
index 60c1b28..b60f902 100644
--- a/sys/kern/kern_acct.c
+++ b/sys/kern/kern_acct.c
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ acct(struct thread *td, struct acct_args *uap)
 		NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, NOFOLLOW | MPSAFE | AUDITVNODE1,
 		    UIO_USERSPACE, uap->path, td);
 		flags = FWRITE | O_APPEND;
-		error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, -1);
+		error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, NULL);
 		if (error)
 			return (error);
 		vfslocked = NDHASGIANT(&nd);
diff --git a/sys/kern/kern_conf.c b/sys/kern/kern_conf.c
index 6c043db..c0507d9 100644
--- a/sys/kern/kern_conf.c
+++ b/sys/kern/kern_conf.c
@@ -264,13 +264,13 @@ giant_open(struct cdev *dev, int oflags, int devtype, struct thread *td)
 }
 
 static int
-giant_fdopen(struct cdev *dev, int oflags, struct thread *td, int fdidx)
+giant_fdopen(struct cdev *dev, int oflags, struct thread *td, struct file *fp)
 {
 	int retval;
 
 	mtx_lock(&Giant);
 	retval = dev->si_devsw->d_gianttrick->
-	    d_fdopen(dev, oflags, td, fdidx);
+	    d_fdopen(dev, oflags, td, fp);
 	mtx_unlock(&Giant);
 	return (retval);
 }
diff --git a/sys/kern/kern_exec.c b/sys/kern/kern_exec.c
index cb4449b..c576913 100644
--- a/sys/kern/kern_exec.c
+++ b/sys/kern/kern_exec.c
@@ -1233,7 +1233,7 @@ exec_check_permissions(imgp)
 	 * Call filesystem specific open routine (which does nothing in the
 	 * general case).
 	 */
-	error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td, -1);
+	error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD, td->td_ucred, td, NULL);
 	return (error);
 }
 
diff --git a/sys/kern/kern_ktrace.c b/sys/kern/kern_ktrace.c
index beb188d..1784bc2 100644
--- a/sys/kern/kern_ktrace.c
+++ b/sys/kern/kern_ktrace.c
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ ktrace(td, uap)
 		NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, NOFOLLOW | MPSAFE, UIO_USERSPACE,
 		    uap->fname, td);
 		flags = FREAD | FWRITE | O_NOFOLLOW;
-		error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, -1);
+		error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, NULL);
 		if (error) {
 			ktrace_exit(td);
 			return (error);
diff --git a/sys/kern/kern_linker.c b/sys/kern/kern_linker.c
index 444373f..084105f 100644
--- a/sys/kern/kern_linker.c
+++ b/sys/kern/kern_linker.c
@@ -1510,7 +1510,7 @@ linker_lookup_file(const char *path, int pathlen, const char *name,
 		 */
 		NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW | MPSAFE, UIO_SYSSPACE, result, td);
 		flags = FREAD;
-		error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, -1);
+		error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, NULL);
 		if (error == 0) {
 			vfslocked = NDHASGIANT(&nd);
 			NDFREE(&nd, NDF_ONLY_PNBUF);
@@ -1561,7 +1561,7 @@ linker_hints_lookup(const char *path, int pathlen, const char *modname,
 
 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, NOFOLLOW | MPSAFE, UIO_SYSSPACE, pathbuf, td);
 	flags = FREAD;
-	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, -1);
+	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, NULL);
 	if (error)
 		goto bad;
 	vfslocked = NDHASGIANT(&nd);
diff --git a/sys/kern/kern_sig.c b/sys/kern/kern_sig.c
index ca0efe0..addcfa5 100644
--- a/sys/kern/kern_sig.c
+++ b/sys/kern/kern_sig.c
@@ -3068,7 +3068,7 @@ restart:
 		return (EINVAL);
 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, NOFOLLOW | MPSAFE, UIO_SYSSPACE, name, td);
 	flags = O_CREAT | FWRITE | O_NOFOLLOW;
-	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, -1);
+	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR, NULL);
 	free(name, M_TEMP);
 	if (error)
 		return (error);
diff --git a/sys/kern/link_elf.c b/sys/kern/link_elf.c
index d186f0b..02fe809 100644
--- a/sys/kern/link_elf.c
+++ b/sys/kern/link_elf.c
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ link_elf_load_file(linker_class_t cls, const char* filename,
 
     NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW | MPSAFE, UIO_SYSSPACE, filename, td);
     flags = FREAD;
-    error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, -1);
+    error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, NULL);
     if (error)
 	return error;
     vfslocked = NDHASGIANT(&nd);
diff --git a/sys/kern/link_elf_obj.c b/sys/kern/link_elf_obj.c
index 49f2ad8..6ea18f8 100644
--- a/sys/kern/link_elf_obj.c
+++ b/sys/kern/link_elf_obj.c
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ link_elf_load_file(linker_class_t cls, const char *filename,
 
 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW | MPSAFE, UIO_SYSSPACE, filename, td);
 	flags = FREAD;
-	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, -1);
+	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, NULL);
 	if (error)
 		return error;
 	vfslocked = NDHASGIANT(&nd);
diff --git a/sys/kern/tty_cons.c b/sys/kern/tty_cons.c
index fb533cf..a09f9f2 100644
--- a/sys/kern/tty_cons.c
+++ b/sys/kern/tty_cons.c
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ cn_devopen(struct cn_device *cnd, struct thread *td, int forceopen)
 	}
 	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/dev/%s", cnd->cnd_cn->cn_name);
 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW, UIO_SYSSPACE, path, td);
-	error = vn_open(&nd, &openflag, 0, -1);
+	error = vn_open(&nd, &openflag, 0, NULL);
 	if (error == 0) {
 		NDFREE(&nd, NDF_ONLY_PNBUF);
 		VOP_UNLOCK(nd.ni_vp, 0, td);
diff --git a/sys/kern/vfs_syscalls.c b/sys/kern/vfs_syscalls.c
index 15ab9a0..fa3ef2e 100644
--- a/sys/kern/vfs_syscalls.c
+++ b/sys/kern/vfs_syscalls.c
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ kern_open(struct thread *td, char *path, enum uio_seg pathseg, int flags,
 	cmode = ((mode &~ fdp->fd_cmask) & ALLPERMS) &~ S_ISTXT;
 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW | AUDITVNODE1 | MPSAFE, pathseg, path, td);
 	td->td_dupfd = -1;		/* XXX check for fdopen */
-	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, cmode, indx);
+	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, cmode, fp);
 	if (error) {
 		/*
 		 * If the vn_open replaced the method vector, something
@@ -4091,7 +4091,7 @@ fhopen(td, uap)
 		if (error)
 			goto bad;
 	}
-	error = VOP_OPEN(vp, fmode, td->td_ucred, td, -1);
+	error = VOP_OPEN(vp, fmode, td->td_ucred, td, NULL);
 	if (error)
 		goto bad;
 
diff --git a/sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c b/sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c
index f035558..b00a42f 100644
--- a/sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c
+++ b/sys/kern/vfs_vnops.c
@@ -84,13 +84,14 @@ struct 	fileops vnops = {
 };
 
 int
-vn_open(ndp, flagp, cmode, fdidx)
+vn_open(ndp, flagp, cmode, fp)
 	struct nameidata *ndp;
-	int *flagp, cmode, fdidx;
+	int *flagp, cmode;
+	struct file *fp;
 {
 	struct thread *td = ndp->ni_cnd.cn_thread;
 
-	return (vn_open_cred(ndp, flagp, cmode, td->td_ucred, fdidx));
+	return (vn_open_cred(ndp, flagp, cmode, td->td_ucred, fp));
 }
 
 /*
@@ -101,11 +102,11 @@ vn_open(ndp, flagp, cmode, fdidx)
  * due to the NDINIT being done elsewhere.
  */
 int
-vn_open_cred(ndp, flagp, cmode, cred, fdidx)
+vn_open_cred(ndp, flagp, cmode, cred, fp)
 	struct nameidata *ndp;
 	int *flagp, cmode;
 	struct ucred *cred;
-	int fdidx;
+	struct file *fp;
 {
 	struct vnode *vp;
 	struct mount *mp;
@@ -228,7 +229,7 @@ restart:
 				goto bad;
 		}
 	}
-	if ((error = VOP_OPEN(vp, fmode, cred, td, fdidx)) != 0)
+	if ((error = VOP_OPEN(vp, fmode, cred, td, fp)) != 0)
 		goto bad;
 
 	if (fmode & FWRITE)
diff --git a/sys/kern/vnode_if.src b/sys/kern/vnode_if.src
index aa022c7..097b872 100644
--- a/sys/kern/vnode_if.src
+++ b/sys/kern/vnode_if.src
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ vop_open {
 	IN int mode;
 	IN struct ucred *cred;
 	IN struct thread *td;
-	IN int fdidx;
+	IN struct file *fp;
 };
 
 
diff --git a/sys/sys/conf.h b/sys/sys/conf.h
index 209117f..65ab1a9 100644
--- a/sys/sys/conf.h
+++ b/sys/sys/conf.h
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ struct tty;
 struct snapdata;
 struct devfs_dirent;
 struct cdevsw;
+struct file;
 
 struct cdev {
 	struct cdev_priv	*si_priv;
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ struct vnode;
 typedef struct thread d_thread_t;
 
 typedef int d_open_t(struct cdev *dev, int oflags, int devtype, struct thread *td);
-typedef int d_fdopen_t(struct cdev *dev, int oflags, struct thread *td, int fdidx);
+typedef int d_fdopen_t(struct cdev *dev, int oflags, struct thread *td, struct file *fp);
 typedef int d_close_t(struct cdev *dev, int fflag, int devtype, struct thread *td);
 typedef void d_strategy_t(struct bio *bp);
 typedef int d_ioctl_t(struct cdev *dev, u_long cmd, caddr_t data,
diff --git a/sys/sys/vnode.h b/sys/sys/vnode.h
index b83fea3..72d2650 100644
--- a/sys/sys/vnode.h
+++ b/sys/sys/vnode.h
@@ -613,9 +613,9 @@ void	vn_finished_secondary_write(struct mount *mp);
 int	vn_isdisk(struct vnode *vp, int *errp);
 int	_vn_lock(struct vnode *vp, int flags, struct thread *td, char *file, int line);
 #define vn_lock(vp, flags, td) _vn_lock(vp, flags, td, __FILE__, __LINE__)
-int	vn_open(struct nameidata *ndp, int *flagp, int cmode, int fdidx);
+int	vn_open(struct nameidata *ndp, int *flagp, int cmode, struct file *fp);
 int	vn_open_cred(struct nameidata *ndp, int *flagp, int cmode,
-	    struct ucred *cred, int fdidx);
+	    struct ucred *cred, struct file *fp);
 int	vn_pollrecord(struct vnode *vp, struct thread *p, int events);
 int	vn_rdwr(enum uio_rw rw, struct vnode *vp, void *base,
 	    int len, off_t offset, enum uio_seg segflg, int ioflg,
diff --git a/sys/ufs/ufs/ufs_quota.c b/sys/ufs/ufs/ufs_quota.c
index 07b8d59..5bf083e 100644
--- a/sys/ufs/ufs/ufs_quota.c
+++ b/sys/ufs/ufs/ufs_quota.c
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ quotaon(td, mp, type, fname)
 
 	NDINIT(&nd, LOOKUP, FOLLOW | MPSAFE, UIO_USERSPACE, fname, td);
 	flags = FREAD | FWRITE;
-	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, -1);
+	error = vn_open(&nd, &flags, 0, NULL);
 	if (error)
 		return (error);
 	vfslocked = NDHASGIANT(&nd);
diff --git a/sys/vm/swap_pager.c b/sys/vm/swap_pager.c
index 9640ce8..9dffc8c 100644
--- a/sys/vm/swap_pager.c
+++ b/sys/vm/swap_pager.c
@@ -2535,7 +2535,7 @@ swaponvp(struct thread *td, struct vnode *vp, u_long nblks)
 	error = mac_check_system_swapon(td->td_ucred, vp);
 	if (error == 0)
 #endif
-		error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD | FWRITE, td->td_ucred, td, -1);
+		error = VOP_OPEN(vp, FREAD | FWRITE, td->td_ucred, td, NULL);
 	(void) VOP_UNLOCK(vp, 0, td);
 	if (error)
 		return (error);