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/usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/e24a8cae34360705d022f17584bb6b4507b8eb89-build2/All/zh_tw-freebsd-doc-48633,1.txz
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673 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​·····​9373·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​nanobsd/​article.​txt673 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​·····​9373·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​nanobsd/​article.​txt
674 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​····​27815·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​pr-​guidelines/​article.​txt674 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​····​27815·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​pr-​guidelines/​article.​txt
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2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>幫助·​FreeBSD</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="無論是個人或是各種組織,​如果希望為·​FreeBSD·​提供幫助,都可以在本文中找到合適的方法。"​·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60856760"></​a>幫助·​FreeBSD</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Jor​dan</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Hubba​rd</​span></​h3><span·​class="contrib">原著:·​</​span>·​✂2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>幫助·​FreeBSD</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="無論是個人或是各種組織,​如果希望為·​FreeBSD·​提供幫助,都可以在本文中找到合適的方法。"​·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60815800"></​a>幫助·​FreeBSD</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Jor​dan</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Hubba​rd</​span></​h3><span·​class="contrib">原著:·​</​span>·​✂
3 ··​Inc.​·​在美國的註冊商標。</​p><p>許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商​標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。3 ··​Inc.​·​在美國的註冊商標。</​p><p>許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商​標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。
4 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>無論是個人或是各種組織,如果​希望為·​FreeBSD·​提供幫助,都可以在本文中找到合適的方法。<​/​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="docformatnavi"​>4 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>無論是個人或是各種組織,如果​希望為·​FreeBSD·​提供幫助,都可以在本文中找到合適的方法。<​/​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="docformatnavi"​>
5 ······​[5 ······​[
6 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>6 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>
7 ······​/​7 ······​/​
8 ······8 ······
9 »       ​··​完整模式9 »       ​··​完整模式
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11 ······​]11 ······​]
12 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">內容目錄</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#contrib-​what">1.​·​我們的需求</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#contrib-​how">2.​·​如何提供幫助</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="index"><a·​href="#idp59594168">索​引</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><a·​id="idp58144824"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>你希望替·​FreeBSD·​做點什麼嗎?太好了,我們歡迎你。FreeB​SD12 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">內容目錄</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#contrib-​what">1.​·​我們的需求</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#contrib-​how">2.​·​如何提供幫助</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="index"><a·​href="#idp59547448">索​引</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><a·​id="idp58161464"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>你希望替·​FreeBSD·​做點什麼嗎?太好了,我們歡迎你。FreeB​SD
13 ····​正是有賴於廣大使用者的貢獻才得以發展壯大的​。我們不僅非常感謝您所做的貢獻,而且,這些​工作對於·​FreeBSD·​的持續發展也至關重要。</​p><p>也許與您想像的不同,您既不必得是​一名出色的·​Programmer,也無須和13 ····​正是有賴於廣大使用者的貢獻才得以發展壯大的​。我們不僅非常感謝您所做的貢獻,而且,這些​工作對於·​FreeBSD·​的持續發展也至關重要。</​p><p>也許與您想像的不同,您既不必得是​一名出色的·​Programmer,也無須和
14 ····​FreeBSD·​core·​team·​成員有很好的私交,我們會一視同仁的對待您的​工作。14 ····​FreeBSD·​core·​team·​成員有很好的私交,我們會一視同仁的對待您的​工作。
15 ····​FreeBSD·​的開發人員遍布全球,大家技術專長各異,年齡​分布也非常廣泛。15 ····​FreeBSD·​的開發人員遍布全球,大家技術專長各異,年齡​分布也非常廣泛。
16 ····​然而,每天我們都在面對持續增加的工作,而苦​於沒有足夠的人手,因此我們隨時歡迎您的幫助​。</​p><p>FreeBSD·​計劃所處理的是一個完整的作業系統環境,而不​只是一個·​kernel·​或是一些零散的工具包。16 ····​然而,每天我們都在面對持續增加的工作,而苦​於沒有足夠的人手,因此我們隨時歡迎您的幫助​。</​p><p>FreeBSD·​計劃所處理的是一個完整的作業系統環境,而不​只是一個·​kernel·​或是一些零散的工具包。
17 »       ​因此,我們的·​<code·​class="filename">TODO​</​code>·​待辦任務列表裡包含各式各樣的工作:17 »       ​因此,我們的·​<code·​class="filename">TODO​</​code>·​待辦任務列表裡包含各式各樣的工作:
18 ····​從文件、使用者測試、demo,到系統安裝程​式和更專業的·​kernel·​開發。18 ····​從文件、使用者測試、demo,到系統安裝程​式和更專業的·​kernel·​開發。
19 ····​因此無論您的技術水準如何,從事何種領域,都​可以幫助這個計劃。</​p><p>我們鼓勵從事和·​FreeBSD·​相關工作的企業和我們聯繫。19 ····​因此無論您的技術水準如何,從事何種領域,都​可以幫助這個計劃。</​p><p>我們鼓勵從事和·​FreeBSD·​相關工作的企業和我們聯繫。
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58 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">mall​oc.​h</​code>·​所產生的警告。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>如​果有為·​ports·​作了任何修正,58 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">mall​oc.​h</​code>·​所產生的警告。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>如​果有為·​ports·​作了任何修正,
59 »       ​····​請記得將您的·​patch·​發給原作者·​(這樣下次升級時,您的工作會變得輕鬆一些)​。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>先​取得正式的標準,如·​<span·​class="trademark">POS​IX</​span>®·​的副本。59 »       ​····​請記得將您的·​patch·​發給原作者·​(這樣下次升級時,您的工作會變得輕鬆一些)​。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>先​取得正式的標準,如·​<span·​class="trademark">POS​IX</​span>®·​的副本。
60 »       ​····​在·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​projects/​c99/​index.​html"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​60 »       ​····​在·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​projects/​c99/​index.​html"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​
61 »       ​····​C99·​&amp;​·​POSIX·​標準相容計劃</​a>·​網站上,可以得到相關鏈接。61 »       ​····​C99·​&amp;​·​POSIX·​標準相容計劃</​a>·​網站上,可以得到相關鏈接。
62 »       ​····​請將·​FreeBSD·​的行為與上述的標準進行比較,若所得結果與·​C99·​&amp;​·​POSIX·​標準不同的話,62 »       ​····​請將·​FreeBSD·​的行為與上述的標準進行比較,若所得結果與·​C99·​&amp;​·​POSIX·​標準不同的話,
63 »       ​····​特別是那些細節地方的微小差異,請發一個關於​它的·​PR·​(問題報告)​。63 »       ​····​特別是那些細節地方的微小差異,請發一個關於​它的·​PR·​(問題報告)​。
64 »       ​····​如果可能,請指出如何修正它,並隨·​PR·​提交·​patch·​。64 »       ​····​如果可能,請指出如何修正它,並隨·​PR·​提交·​patch·​。
65 »       ​····​如果您認為標準有問題,請向這些規格標準的相​關團體,請求對其進行重新的考慮。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>為​這份列表提供更多建議!</​p></​li></​ol></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59339576"></​a>1.​3.​·​查閱整個·​PR·​資料庫</​h3></​div></​div></​div><a·​id="idp59342136"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​query-​pr-​summary.​cgi"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​65 »       ​····​如果您認為標準有問題,請向這些規格標準的相​關團體,請求對其進行重新的考慮。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>為​這份列表提供更多建議!</​p></​li></​ol></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59179320"></​a>1.​3.​·​查閱整個·​PR·​資料庫</​h3></​div></​div></​div><a·​id="idp59292472"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​query-​pr-​summary.​cgi"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​
66 »       ​PR·​列表</​a>·​這裡會顯示目前所有·​PR·​的問題狀態,以及由66 »       ​PR·​列表</​a>·​這裡會顯示目前所有·​PR·​的問題狀態,以及由
67 »       ​FreeBSD·​使用者提交的改進建議。67 »       ​FreeBSD·​使用者提交的改進建議。
68 »       ​PR·​資料庫同時包括了開發人員和非開發人員的任務​。68 »       ​PR·​資料庫同時包括了開發人員和非開發人員的任務​。
69 »       ​查看那些尚未解決的·​PR,並看看是否有您感興趣的任務。69 »       ​查看那些尚未解決的·​PR,並看看是否有您感興趣的任務。
70 »       ​這其中可能有一些是非常簡單的問題,只需要看​一看並確認·​PR·​是正確的。70 »       ​這其中可能有一些是非常簡單的問題,只需要看​一看並確認·​PR·​是正確的。
71 »       ​另外一些可能會非常複雜,或者完全未附任何修​正。</​p><p>首先看一看那些還沒有人接手的·​PR。71 »       ​另外一些可能會非常複雜,或者完全未附任何修​正。</​p><p>首先看一看那些還沒有人接手的·​PR。
72 »       ​如果·​PR·​已經分配給了其它人,但看起來是您能夠處理的​,72 »       ​如果·​PR·​已經分配給了其它人,但看起來是您能夠處理的​,
73 »       ​您可以寄信給那個人,並詢問您是否可以提供幫​助·​——73 »       ​您可以寄信給那個人,並詢問您是否可以提供幫​助·​——
74 »       ​他們可能已經有可供測試的·​patch·​,或有一些可供討論的意見。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59347384"></​a>1.​4.​·​由·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Ideas</​span>”</​span>·​中選一項</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​projects/​ideas/​"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​list·​of74 »       ​他們可能已經有可供測試的·​patch·​,或有一些可供討論的意見。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59296696"></​a>1.​4.​·​由·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Ideas</​span>”</​span>·​中選一項</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​projects/​ideas/​"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​list·​of
75 »       ​projects·​and·​ideas·​for·​volunteers</​a>·​同樣地開放給有意願參與75 »       ​projects·​and·​ideas·​for·​volunteers</​a>·​同樣地開放給有意願參與
76 »       ​FreeBSD·​計劃的人。76 »       ​FreeBSD·​計劃的人。
77 »       ​這份清單將持續地更新,同時提供各個項目的資​訊給所有人77 »       ​這份清單將持續地更新,同時提供各個項目的資​訊給所有人
78 »       ​(不論是否為程式設計人員)。</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="contrib-​how"></​a>2.​·​如何提供幫助</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>基本上可以分為以下·​5·​種方式:</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="contrib-​general"></​a>2.​1.​·​錯誤報告和意見發表</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>通常,<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​一般</​em></​span>78 »       ​(不論是否為程式設計人員)。</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="contrib-​how"></​a>2.​·​如何提供幫助</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>基本上可以分為以下·​5·​種方式:</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="contrib-​general"></​a>2.​1.​·​錯誤報告和意見發表</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>通常,<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​一般</​em></​span>
79 »       ​的技術想法和建議應該發到·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​hackers"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​technical·​discussions·​郵遞論壇</​a>。79 »       ​的技術想法和建議應該發到·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​hackers"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​technical·​discussions·​郵遞論壇</​a>。
80 »       ​同樣地,對於這些東西有興趣的人·​(當然,80 »       ​同樣地,對於這些東西有興趣的人·​(當然,
81 »       ​他們同時還要能夠容忍·​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​大量的</​em></​span>·​郵件!)​81 »       ​他們同時還要能夠容忍·​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​大量的</​em></​span>·​郵件!)​
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96 »       ​請保留這個編號,因為事後可以用這編號發信到​·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​bug-​followup@FreeBSD.​org">bug-​followup@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>96 »       ​請保留這個編號,因為事後可以用這編號發信到​·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​bug-​followup@FreeBSD.​org">bug-​followup@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>
97 »       ​來回覆、提供關於該事件的後續資料。您需要做​的是將編號放到郵件的標題中,97 »       ​來回覆、提供關於該事件的後續資料。您需要做​的是將編號放到郵件的標題中,
98 »       ​例如··​<code·​class="literal">"Re:​98 »       ​例如··​<code·​class="literal">"Re:​
99 »       ​kern/​3377"</​code>。99 »       ​kern/​3377"</​code>。
100 »       ​若是同一問題的回覆方面,應該透過這種方式來​進行。</​p><p>如果您在一段時間·​(超過·​3·​天甚至·​1·​週,這取決於您的郵件服務)​之後仍然沒有收到確認信100 »       ​若是同一問題的回覆方面,應該透過這種方式來​進行。</​p><p>如果您在一段時間·​(超過·​3·​天甚至·​1·​週,這取決於您的郵件服務)​之後仍然沒有收到確認信
101 »       ​或者由於一些原因無法使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​程式,101 »       ​或者由於一些原因無法使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​程式,
102 »       ​則可以發信到·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​bugs"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​problem·​reports·​郵遞論壇</​a>·​來請別人幫你代寄。</​p><p>請參閱·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​problem-​reports/​article.​html"·​target="_top">這篇文章</​a>102 »       ​則可以發信到·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​bugs"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​problem·​reports·​郵遞論壇</​a>·​來請別人幫你代寄。</​p><p>請參閱·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​problem-​reports/​article.​html"·​target="_top">這篇文章</​a>
103 ··»       ​了解如何撰寫好的問題報告。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59400888"></​a>2.​2.​·​對於文件的修訂</​h3></​div></​div></​div><a·​id="idp59402552"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>文件的修改方面,是由·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​doc"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​documentation·​project·​郵遞論壇</​a>·​來審查。103 ··»       ​了解如何撰寫好的問題報告。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59350328"></​a>2.​2.​·​對於文件的修訂</​h3></​div></​div></​div><a·​id="idp59351736"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>文件的修改方面,是由·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​doc"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​documentation·​project·​郵遞論壇</​a>·​來審查。
104 »       ​請參閱·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​books/​fdp-​primer/​index.​html"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​Documentation·​Project·​Primer</​a>104 »       ​請參閱·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​books/​fdp-​primer/​index.​html"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​Documentation·​Project·​Primer</​a>
105 »       ​來獲得完整的教學細節。105 »       ​來獲得完整的教學細節。
106 »       ​請按照·​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#contrib-​general"·​title="2.​1.​·​錯誤報告和意見發表">節 2.​1,​·​“錯誤報告和意見發表”</​a>·​中介紹的方法使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>106 »       ​請按照·​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#contrib-​general"·​title="2.​1.​·​錯誤報告和意見發表">節 2.​1,​·​“錯誤報告和意見發表”</​a>·​中介紹的方法使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>
107 »       ​來提交新的文件,或者改善現有的文件·​(哪怕是很小的改進也是歡迎的!)​。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59411896"></​a>2.​3.​·​對於現有原始碼的修改</​h3></​div></​div></​div><a·​id="idp59414456"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>在現有原始碼上進行修改或增加功能​,在某種程度上是需要更多技巧的事,107 »       ​來提交新的文件,或者改善現有的文件·​(哪怕是很小的改進也是歡迎的!)​。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59362744"></​a>2.​3.​·​對於現有原始碼的修改</​h3></​div></​div></​div><a·​id="idp59365304"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>在現有原始碼上進行修改或增加功能​,在某種程度上是需要更多技巧的事,
108 »       ​並且還跟您對於目前·​FreeBSD·​的開發現狀了解程度有關。108 »       ​並且還跟您對於目前·​FreeBSD·​的開發現狀了解程度有關。
109 »       ​有多種方式可以得到被稱作·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">FreeBSD​-​CURRENT</​span>”</​span>109 »       ​有多種方式可以得到被稱作·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">FreeBSD​-​CURRENT</​span>”</​span>
110 »       ​的·​FreeBSD·​開發版本。110 »       ​的·​FreeBSD·​開發版本。
111 »       ​請參閱·​FreeBSD·​使用手冊的·​<a·​class="link"·​href="··​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​books/​handbook/​current-​stable.​html"·​target="_top">相關部份</​a>·​,來了解使用·​FreeBSD-​CURRENT·​的詳情。</​p><p>在舊的原始碼上進行修改,則通常可​能原始碼已過時,111 »       ​請參閱·​FreeBSD·​使用手冊的·​<a·​class="link"·​href="··​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​books/​handbook/​current-​stable.​html"·​target="_top">相關部份</​a>·​,來了解使用·​FreeBSD-​CURRENT·​的詳情。</​p><p>在舊的原始碼上進行修改,則通常可​能原始碼已過時,
112 »       ​或與新的版本差異太大而無法被重新整合到·​FreeBSD·​中。112 »       ​或與新的版本差異太大而無法被重新整合到·​FreeBSD·​中。
113 »       ​如果您有訂·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​announce"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​announcements·​郵遞論壇</​a>·​以及·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​current"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​-​CURRENT·​郵遞論壇</​a>·​的話,113 »       ​如果您有訂·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​announce"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​announcements·​郵遞論壇</​a>·​以及·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​current"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​-​CURRENT·​郵遞論壇</​a>·​的話,
114 »       ​則可以透過它們來大致了解目前的開發狀態。<​/​p><p>若您能夠儘量以最新的原始碼來進行​您的修改,114 »       ​則可以透過它們來大致了解目前的開發狀態。<​/​p><p>若您能夠儘量以最新的原始碼來進行​您的修改,
115 »       ​則下一步要做的事情就是產生您所修改的·​diff·​檔,115 »       ​則下一步要做的事情就是產生您所修改的·​diff·​檔,
116 »       ​並將它發給·​FreeBSD·​的維護人員。這項工作可以透過·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=diff&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>diff</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>116 »       ​並將它發給·​FreeBSD·​的維護人員。這項工作可以透過·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=diff&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>diff</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>
117 »       ​命令來完成。</​p><p>提交·​patch·​時,建議·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=diff&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>diff</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​格式採用·​unified·​diff·​(可以用·​<code·​class="command">diff117 »       ​命令來完成。</​p><p>提交·​patch·​時,建議·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=diff&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>diff</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​格式採用·​unified·​diff·​(可以用·​<code·​class="command">diff
118 ········​-​u</​code>·​來產生)​。不過,如果您修改了大量的原始碼,118 ········​-​u</​code>·​來產生)​。不過,如果您修改了大量的原始碼,
119 ········​則使用·​<code·​class="command">diff·​-​c</​code>·​來生成的·​context·​diff119 ········​則使用·​<code·​class="command">diff·​-​c</​code>·​來生成的·​context·​diff
120 ········​的·​diff·​可能更容易閱讀,因而推薦使用。一般而言,大​都是採用·​<code·​class="command">diff·​-​ruN</​code>·​即可。</​p><a·​id="idp59444664"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>例如:</​p><p>120 ········​的·​diff·​可能更容易閱讀,因而推薦使用。一般而言,大​都是採用·​<code·​class="command">diff·​-​ruN</​code>·​即可。</​p><a·​id="idp59393592"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>例如:</​p><p>
121 »       ​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>diff·​-​c·​oldfile·​newfile</​code></​strong></​pre><p>121 »       ​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>diff·​-​c·​oldfile·​newfile</​code></​strong></​pre><p>
  
122 »       ​或122 »       ​或
  
123 »       ​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>diff·​-​c·​-​r·​olddir·​newdir</​code></​strong></​pre><p>123 »       ​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>diff·​-​c·​-​r·​olddir·​newdir</​code></​strong></​pre><p>
  
124 »       ​將會對特定目錄,產生·​context·​的·​diff·​檔。</​p><p>或者像是.​.​.​124 »       ​將會對特定目錄,產生·​context·​的·​diff·​檔。</​p><p>或者像是.​.​.​
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135 »       ​中所介紹的·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​程式就可以完成這項工作。135 »       ​中所介紹的·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​程式就可以完成這項工作。
136 »       ​請注意:不要只把·​diff·​檔發到·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​hackers"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​technical·​discussions·​郵遞論壇</​a>,136 »       ​請注意:不要只把·​diff·​檔發到·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​hackers"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​technical·​discussions·​郵遞論壇</​a>,
137 »       ​否則它們可能會被遺忘!·​我們會非常感激您提交的修改137 »       ​否則它們可能會被遺忘!·​我們會非常感激您提交的修改
138 »       ​(這是一個義工計劃!)​;·​因為我們都很忙,138 »       ​(這是一個義工計劃!)​;·​因為我們都很忙,
139 »       ​因此有時不一定能夠立即修正問題,但·​PR·​資料庫將一直保持著這些記錄,139 »       ​因此有時不一定能夠立即修正問題,但·​PR·​資料庫將一直保持著這些記錄,
140 »       ​因此只要有人有了時間它們就能被改正了。140 »       ​因此只要有人有了時間它們就能被改正了。
141 »       ​如果您的問題報告中包括·​patch·​,不要忘了在標題加上141 »       ​如果您的問題報告中包括·​patch·​,不要忘了在標題加上
142 »       ​<code·​class="literal">[PATC​H]</​code>·​來強調一下。</​p><a·​id="idp59478840"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>如果您認為合適·​(例如增、刪檔案或更改檔名)​,142 »       ​<code·​class="literal">[PATC​H]</​code>·​來強調一下。</​p><a·​id="idp59432376"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>如果您認為合適·​(例如增、刪檔案或更改檔名)​,
143 »       ​還可以考慮使用143 »       ​還可以考慮使用
144 »       ​<code·​class="command">tar</​code>·​來將檔案打包,然後用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=uuencode&am​p;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>uuencode</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>144 »       ​<code·​class="command">tar</​code>·​來將檔案打包,然後用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=uuencode&am​p;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>uuencode</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>
145 »       ​來編碼。此外,也可以用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=shar&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>shar</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​產生的方式。</​p><p>如果您的修改可能存在潛在的爭議,​例如,145 »       ​來編碼。此外,也可以用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=shar&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>shar</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​產生的方式。</​p><p>如果您的修改可能存在潛在的爭議,​例如,
146 »       ​您不確定相關的版權問題,或者感覺需要經過更​嚴格的復審才可以發佈它們,146 »       ​您不確定相關的版權問題,或者感覺需要經過更​嚴格的復審才可以發佈它們,
147 »       ​則應直接發給·​Core·​Team·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​core@FreeBSD.​org">core@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,而不是透過·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​來發送。147 »       ​則應直接發給·​Core·​Team·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​core@FreeBSD.​org">core@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,而不是透過·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​來發送。
148 »       ​Core·​Team·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​core@FreeBSD.​org">core@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>·​這小組成員大多從事·​FreeBSD·​的日常工作。148 »       ​Core·​Team·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​core@FreeBSD.​org">core@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>·​這小組成員大多從事·​FreeBSD·​的日常工作。
149 »       ​需要注意的是,這個小組也因此十分忙碌,149 »       ​需要注意的是,這個小組也因此十分忙碌,
150 »       ​因此只有在非常必要的時候,才應寫信給他們。​</​p><p>請參考·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=intro&amp;​sektion=9&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>intro</​span>(9)​</​span></​a>·​和·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=style&amp;​sektion=9&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>style</​span>(9)​</​span></​a>·​以了解關於撰寫程式碼的風格偏好。150 »       ​因此只有在非常必要的時候,才應寫信給他們。​</​p><p>請參考·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=intro&amp;​sektion=9&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>intro</​span>(9)​</​span></​a>·​和·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=style&amp;​sektion=9&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>style</​span>(9)​</​span></​a>·​以了解關於撰寫程式碼的風格偏好。
151 »       ​若能在送出相關程式碼之前,先了解這些,那對​大家來說將是極大的幫助。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59500472"></​a>2.​4.​·​新原始碼或重要的加值軟體包</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>如果您打算提供規模較大的原始​碼,或者為·​FreeBSD·​增加重要的新功能,151 »       ​若能在送出相關程式碼之前,先了解這些,那對​大家來說將是極大的幫助。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59453880"></​a>2.​4.​·​新原始碼或重要的加值軟體包</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>如果您打算提供規模較大的原始​碼,或者為·​FreeBSD·​增加重要的新功能,
152 »       ​則可能必須將它們透過·​uuencode·​進行編碼,或傳到某個·​Web·​或152 »       ​則可能必須將它們透過·​uuencode·​進行編碼,或傳到某個·​Web·​或
153 »       ​FTP·​站點,以便更多的人能夠得到它。如果您沒有這​樣的主機,153 »       ​FTP·​站點,以便更多的人能夠得到它。如果您沒有這​樣的主機,
154 »       ​請到相關的·​FreeBSD·​郵遞論壇提出,看看是否有人願意幫您放置它們​。</​p><p>對於大量的原始碼而言,關於版權的​問題肯定會被提出。154 »       ​請到相關的·​FreeBSD·​郵遞論壇提出,看看是否有人願意幫您放置它們​。</​p><p>對於大量的原始碼而言,關於版權的​問題肯定會被提出。
155 »       ​FreeBSD·​基本系統中能夠使用的版權聲明包括:</​p><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>B​SD<a·​id="idp59510200"·​class="indexterm"></​a>·​版權。我們傾向於使用這類授權的原始碼,155 »       ​FreeBSD·​基本系統中能夠使用的版權聲明包括:</​p><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>B​SD<a·​id="idp59462712"·​class="indexterm"></​a>·​版權。我們傾向於使用這類授權的原始碼,
156 »       ​····​因為它『不附加多餘的條件』,因而更能夠吸引​商業企業使用。156 »       ​····​因為它『不附加多餘的條件』,因而更能夠吸引​商業企業使用。
157 »       ​····​FreeBSD·​並不反對商業公司使用它的原始碼,相反,157 »       ​····​FreeBSD·​並不反對商業公司使用它的原始碼,相反,
158 »       ​····​我們積極地鼓勵商業公司使用我們的原始碼,158 »       ​····​我們積極地鼓勵商業公司使用我們的原始碼,
159 »       ​····​當然,如果它們若最終能把部分原始碼,重新捐​贈給·​FreeBSD·​就更好了。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>G​NU·​General·​Public·​License,或簡稱·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">GPL</​span>”</​span>。<a·​id="idp59513400"·​class="indexterm"></​a><a·​id="idp59515704"·​class="indexterm"></​a>159 »       ​····​當然,如果它們若最終能把部分原始碼,重新捐​贈給·​FreeBSD·​就更好了。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>G​NU·​General·​Public·​License,或簡稱·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">GPL</​span>”</​span>。<a·​id="idp59467320"·​class="indexterm"></​a><a·​id="idp59482168"·​class="indexterm"></​a>
160 »       ​····​我們並不很歡迎使用這樣授權的原始碼,160 »       ​····​我們並不很歡迎使用這樣授權的原始碼,
161 »       ​····​因為商業公司使用它需要做更多的工作。不過,​由於很多使用161 »       ​····​因為商業公司使用它需要做更多的工作。不過,​由於很多使用
162 »       ​····​GPL·​授權的原始碼目前是無法避免的·​(compiler,​·​assembler,​·​text·​formatter等等)​162 »       ​····​GPL·​授權的原始碼目前是無法避免的·​(compiler,​·​assembler,​·​text·​formatter等等)​
163 »       ​····​,拒絕使用所有採用這樣授權的軟體是很不明智​的。163 »       ​····​,拒絕使用所有採用這樣授權的軟體是很不明智​的。
164 »       ​····​採用·​GPL·​授權的原始碼會被放到原始碼的一些特定的位置​,例如164 »       ​····​採用·​GPL·​授權的原始碼會被放到原始碼的一些特定的位置​,例如
165 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">/​sys/​gnu</​code>·​或165 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">/​sys/​gnu</​code>·​或
166 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">/​usr/​src/​gnu</​code>,以便那些認為·​GPL166 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">/​usr/​src/​gnu</​code>,以便那些認為·​GPL
Offset 191, 15 lines modifiedOffset 191, 15 lines modified
191 DATA,​·​OR·​PROFITS;​·​OR·​BUSINESS·​INTERRUPTION)​·​HOWEVER·​CAUSED·​AND·​ON·​ANY191 DATA,​·​OR·​PROFITS;​·​OR·​BUSINESS·​INTERRUPTION)​·​HOWEVER·​CAUSED·​AND·​ON·​ANY
192 THEORY·​OF·​LIABILITY,​·​WHETHER·​IN·​CONTRACT,​·​STRICT·​LIABILITY,​·​OR·​TORT192 THEORY·​OF·​LIABILITY,​·​WHETHER·​IN·​CONTRACT,​·​STRICT·​LIABILITY,​·​OR·​TORT
193 (INCLUDING·​NEGLIGENCE·​OR·​OTHERWISE)​·​ARISING·​IN·​ANY·​WAY·​OUT·​OF·​THE·​USE·​OF193 (INCLUDING·​NEGLIGENCE·​OR·​OTHERWISE)​·​ARISING·​IN·​ANY·​WAY·​OUT·​OF·​THE·​USE·​OF
194 THIS·​SOFTWARE,​·​EVEN·​IF·​ADVISED·​OF·​THE·​POSSIBILITY·​OF·​SUCH·​DAMAGE.​194 THIS·​SOFTWARE,​·​EVEN·​IF·​ADVISED·​OF·​THE·​POSSIBILITY·​OF·​SUCH·​DAMAGE.​
  
195 ········​$Id$</​pre><p>為了方便您的使用,在195 ········​$Id$</​pre><p>為了方便您的使用,在
196 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​usr/​share/​examples/​etc/​bsd-​style-​copyright</​code>196 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​usr/​share/​examples/​etc/​bsd-​style-​copyright</​code>
197 »       ​也可以找到此授權的副本。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59541432"></​a>2.​5.​·​贊助資金、硬體或·​Internet·​mirror</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>我們非常願意接受各種形式的捐​贈,以進一步拓展·​FreeBSD·​計劃197 »       ​也可以找到此授權的副本。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59494584"></​a>2.​5.​·​贊助資金、硬體或·​Internet·​mirror</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>我們非常願意接受各種形式的捐​贈,以進一步拓展·​FreeBSD·​計劃
198 »       ​,因為有您的支持,像我們這樣的義工努力才能​夠有更大的成就!198 »       ​,因為有您的支持,像我們這樣的義工努力才能​夠有更大的成就!
199 »       ​捐贈硬體也非常重要,因為這樣能夠幫助我們增​加可支援的硬體種類,199 »       ​捐贈硬體也非常重要,因為這樣能夠幫助我們增​加可支援的硬體種類,
200 »       ​而我們中的很多人並沒有足夠的資金來購置這些​硬體。</​p><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="donations"></​a>2.​5.​1.​·​捐款</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD·​基金會是一個非營利的、有課稅豁免權的基金會​,200 »       ​而我們中的很多人並沒有足夠的資金來購置這些​硬體。</​p><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="donations"></​a>2.​5.​1.​·​捐款</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD·​基金會是一個非營利的、有課稅豁免權的基金會​,
201 »       ​··​之所以會建立這個基金會,是為了讓·​FreeBSD·​計劃能夠可長可久。201 »       ​··​之所以會建立這個基金會,是為了讓·​FreeBSD·​計劃能夠可長可久。
202 »       ​··​因為該基金會屬·​501(c)​3·​實體,一般而言捐款給基金會的話,可以免繳美​國聯邦收入稅,202 »       ​··​因為該基金會屬·​501(c)​3·​實體,一般而言捐款給基金會的話,可以免繳美​國聯邦收入稅,
203 »       ​··​以及科羅拉多州收入稅。通常對於有課稅豁免權​的實體進行捐贈的話,203 »       ​··​以及科羅拉多州收入稅。通常對於有課稅豁免權​的實體進行捐贈的話,
204 »       ​··​可以折抵聯邦收入中應課稅部分的金額。</​p><p>您可以把支票寄往:204 »       ​··​可以折抵聯邦收入中應課稅部分的金額。</​p><p>您可以把支票寄往:
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209 »       ​    <span·​class="city">Boulder<​/​span>,​ <span·​class="state">CO</​span> <span·​class="postcode">8030​3</​span><br·​/​>209 »       ​    <span·​class="city">Boulder<​/​span>,​ <span·​class="state">CO</​span> <span·​class="postcode">8030​3</​span><br·​/​>
210 »       ​    <span·​class="country">USA</​span><br·​/​>210 »       ​    <span·​class="country">USA</​span><br·​/​>
211 »       ​  </​p></​div><p>211 »       ​  </​p></​div><p>
212 »       ​</​p><p>FreeBSD·​基金會現在可以透過·​PayPal·​從網上接受捐款。212 »       ​</​p><p>FreeBSD·​基金會現在可以透過·​PayPal·​從網上接受捐款。
213 »       ​··​如果您想向基金會捐款,請參閱·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​freebsdfoundation.​org"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​基金會</​a>·​網站。</​p><p>關於·​FreeBSD·​基金會的更多詳情,可以在·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​people.​FreeBSD.​org/​~jdp/​foundation/​announcement.​html"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​213 »       ​··​如果您想向基金會捐款,請參閱·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​freebsdfoundation.​org"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​基金會</​a>·​網站。</​p><p>關於·​FreeBSD·​基金會的更多詳情,可以在·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​people.​FreeBSD.​org/​~jdp/​foundation/​announcement.​html"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​
214 »       ​··​基金會·​-​-​·​介紹</​a>·​找到。要聯絡基金會,214 »       ​··​基金會·​-​-​·​介紹</​a>·​找到。要聯絡基金會,
215 »       ​··​請發送電子郵件到215 »       ​··​請發送電子郵件到
216 »       ​··​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​bod@FreeBSDFoundation​.​org">bod@FreeBSDFound​ation.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59568312"></​a>2.​5.​2.​·​捐贈硬體</​h4></​div></​div></​div><a·​id="idp59570872"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>FreeBSD·​計劃歡迎任何人捐贈可以使用的硬體。216 »       ​··​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​bod@FreeBSDFoundation​.​org">bod@FreeBSDFound​ation.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59535544"></​a>2.​5.​2.​·​捐贈硬體</​h4></​div></​div></​div><a·​id="idp59538104"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p>FreeBSD·​計劃歡迎任何人捐贈可以使用的硬體。
217 »       ​··​如果您有興趣捐贈硬體,請聯繫·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​donations/​"·​target="_top">捐贈聯絡人辦公​室</​a>。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59588408"></​a>2.​5.​3.​·​成為·​FreeBSD·​mirror·​的網站</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>我們歡迎新的·​FTP、WWW·​或217 »       ​··​如果您有興趣捐贈硬體,請聯繫·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​donations/​"·​target="_top">捐贈聯絡人辦公​室</​a>。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59541560"></​a>2.​5.​3.​·​成為·​FreeBSD·​mirror·​的網站</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>我們歡迎新的·​FTP、WWW·​或
218 »       ​··​<code·​class="command">cvsup​</​code>·​mirror·​站。如果您希望成為這樣的·​mirror·​站,218 »       ​··​<code·​class="command">cvsup​</​code>·​mirror·​站。如果您希望成為這樣的·​mirror·​站,
219 »       ​··​請參閱·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​hubs/​index.​html"·​target="_top">如何架設·​FreeBSD·​mirror</​a>219 »       ​··​請參閱·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​hubs/​index.​html"·​target="_top">如何架設·​FreeBSD·​mirror</​a>
220 »       ​··​一文,以了解進一步的情況。</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59594168"></​a>索引</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​符號</​h3><dl><dt>問題報告資料庫,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59339576">查​閱整個·​PR·​資料庫</​a></​dt><dt>捐贈,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59568312">捐​贈硬體</​a></​dt><dt>提交文件,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59400888">對​於文件的修訂</​a></​dt><dt>貢獻,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp60856760">幫​助·​FreeBSD</​a></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​B</​h3><dl><dt>BSD·​版權聲明,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59500472">新​原始碼或重要的加值軟體包</​a></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​D</​h3><dl><dt>diff,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59411896">對​於現有原始碼的修改</​a></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​F</​h3><dl><dt>FreeBSD-​CURRENT,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59411896">對​於現有原始碼的修改</​a></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​G</​h3><dl><dt>GNU·​General·​Public·​License,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59500472">新​原始碼或·​✂220 »       ​··​一文,以了解進一步的情況。</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59547448"></​a>索引</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​符號</​h3><dl><dt>問題報告資料庫,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59179320">查​閱整個·​PR·​資料庫</​a></​dt><dt>捐贈,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59535544">捐​贈硬體</​a></​dt><dt>提交文件,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59350328">對​於文件的修訂</​a></​dt><dt>貢獻,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp60815800">幫​助·​FreeBSD</​a></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​B</​h3><dl><dt>BSD·​版權聲明,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59453880">新​原始碼或重要的加值軟體包</​a></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​D</​h3><dl><dt>diff,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59362744">對​於現有原始碼的修改</​a></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​F</​h3><dl><dt>FreeBSD-​CURRENT,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59362744">對​於現有原始碼的修改</​a></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​G</​h3><dl><dt>GNU·​General·​Public·​License,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp59453880">新​原始碼或·​✂
/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/freebsd-questions/article.html
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1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>如何在·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list·​上得到正解</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="本文主要是給準備寫信到·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list·​的人提供一些參考。·​我們會給你一些發問的技巧與建議,以便讓你的​答案得到更有用的答覆。·​本文會定期發到·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list·​上。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60840888"></​a>如何在·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list·​上得到正解</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="author"><h3·​class="auth·​✂2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>如何在·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list·​上得到正解</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="本文主要是給準備寫信到·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list·​的人提供一些參考。·​我們會給你一些發問的技巧與建議,以便讓你的​答案得到更有用的答覆。·​本文會定期發到·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list·​上。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60812216"></​a>如何在·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list·​上得到正解</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="author"><h3·​class="auth·​✂
3 ··​Outlook,​·​Windows,​·​Windows·​Media,​·​和·​Windows·​NT·​是·​Microsoft·​Corporation3 ··​Outlook,​·​Windows,​·​Windows·​Media,​·​和·​Windows·​NT·​是·​Microsoft·​Corporation
4 ··​在美國和/​或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。</​p><p>Netscape·​以及·​Netscape Navigator4 ··​在美國和/​或其他國家的商標或註冊商標。</​p><p>Netscape·​以及·​Netscape Navigator
5 ··​是·​Netscape·​Communications·​Corporation·​在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。</​p><p>Motif,​·​OSF/​1,​·​和·​UNIX5 ··​是·​Netscape·​Communications·​Corporation·​在美國和其他國家的註冊商標。</​p><p>Motif,​·​OSF/​1,​·​和·​UNIX
6 ··​是·​The·​Open·​Group·​在美國和其他國家的註冊商標;·​IT·​DialTone·​和·​The·​Open·​Group6 ··​是·​The·​Open·​Group·​在美國和其他國家的註冊商標;·​IT·​DialTone·​和·​The·​Open·​Group
7 ··​是其商標。</​p><p>QUALCOMM·​和·​Eudora·​是·​QUALCOMM·​Incorporated7 ··​是其商標。</​p><p>QUALCOMM·​和·​Eudora·​是·​QUALCOMM·​Incorporated
8 ··​的註冊商標。</​p><p>許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商​標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。8 ··​的註冊商標。</​p><p>許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商​標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。
9 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>本文主要是給準備寫信到·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list·​的人提供一些參考。9 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>本文主要是給準備寫信到·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list·​的人提供一些參考。
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12 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>12 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>
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18 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">內容目錄</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp58128184">1​.​·​簡介</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp58246712">2​.​·​How·​to·​subscribe·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp58285880">3​.​·​How·​to·​unsubscribe·​from·​FreeBSD-​questions</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp59022520">4​.​·​Should·​I·​ask·​<code·​class="literal">-​questions</​code>·​or18 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">內容目錄</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp58156344">1​.​·​簡介</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp58176312">2​.​·​How·​to·​subscribe·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp58281912">3​.​·​How·​to·​unsubscribe·​from·​FreeBSD-​questions</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp58432312">4​.​·​Should·​I·​ask·​<code·​class="literal">-​questions</​code>·​or
19 ······​<code·​class="literal">-​hackers</​code>?</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp59343032">5​.​·​Before·​submitting·​a·​question</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp59386680">6​.​·​How·​to·​submit·​a·​question</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp59520312">7​.​·​How·​to·​follow·​up·​to·​a·​question</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp59534648">8​.​·​How·​to·​answer·​a·​question</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp58128184"></​a>1.​·​簡介</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p><code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​questions</​code>·​is·​a·​mailing·​list·​maintained·​by19 ······​<code·​class="literal">-​hackers</​code>?</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp59063352">5​.​·​Before·​submitting·​a·​question</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp59332280">6​.​·​How·​to·​submit·​a·​question</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp59457592">7​.​·​How·​to·​follow·​up·​to·​a·​question</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp59476024">8​.​·​How·​to·​answer·​a·​question</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp58156344"></​a>1.​·​簡介</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p><code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​questions</​code>·​is·​a·​mailing·​list·​maintained·​by
20 ······​the·​FreeBSD·​project·​to·​help·​people·​who·​have·​questions·​about·​the·​normal20 ······​the·​FreeBSD·​project·​to·​help·​people·​who·​have·​questions·​about·​the·​normal
21 ······​use·​of·​FreeBSD.​··​Another·​group,​·​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​hackers</​code>,​21 ······​use·​of·​FreeBSD.​··​Another·​group,​·​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​hackers</​code>,​
22 ······​discusses·​more·​advanced·​questions·​such·​as·​future·​development22 ······​discusses·​more·​advanced·​questions·​such·​as·​future·​development
23 ······​work.​</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">The·​term·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">hacker<​/​span>”</​span>·​has·​nothing·​to·​do·​with·​breaking23 ······​work.​</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">The·​term·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">hacker<​/​span>”</​span>·​has·​nothing·​to·​do·​with·​breaking
24 »       ​into·​other·​people's·​computers.​··​The·​correct·​term·​for·​the·​latter24 »       ​into·​other·​people's·​computers.​··​The·​correct·​term·​for·​the·​latter
25 »       ​activity·​is·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">cracker​</​span>”</​span>,​·​but·​the·​popular·​press·​has·​not·​found25 »       ​activity·​is·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">cracker​</​span>”</​span>,​·​but·​the·​popular·​press·​has·​not·​found
26 »       ​out·​yet.​··​The·​FreeBSD·​hackers·​disapprove·​strongly·​of·​cracking26 »       ​out·​yet.​··​The·​FreeBSD·​hackers·​disapprove·​strongly·​of·​cracking
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33 ······​arrogant,​·​stuck-​up,​·​and·​unhelpful,​·​while·​the·​hackers·​accuse·​the33 ······​arrogant,​·​stuck-​up,​·​and·​unhelpful,​·​while·​the·​hackers·​accuse·​the
34 ······​newcomers·​of·​being·​stupid,​·​unable·​to·​read·​plain·​English,​·​and·​expecting34 ······​newcomers·​of·​being·​stupid,​·​unable·​to·​read·​plain·​English,​·​and·​expecting
35 ······​everything·​to·​be·​handed·​to·​them·​on·​a·​silver·​platter.​··​Of·​course,​·​there·​is35 ······​everything·​to·​be·​handed·​to·​them·​on·​a·​silver·​platter.​··​Of·​course,​·​there·​is
36 ······​an·​element·​of·​truth·​in·​both·​these·​claims,​·​but·​for·​the·​most·​part·​these36 ······​an·​element·​of·​truth·​in·​both·​these·​claims,​·​but·​for·​the·​most·​part·​these
37 ······​viewpoints·​come·​from·​a·​sense·​of·​frustration.​</​p><p>In·​this·​document,​·​I·​would·​like·​to·​do·​something·​to·​relieve·​this37 ······​viewpoints·​come·​from·​a·​sense·​of·​frustration.​</​p><p>In·​this·​document,​·​I·​would·​like·​to·​do·​something·​to·​relieve·​this
38 ······​frustration·​and·​help·​everybody·​get·​better·​results·​from38 ······​frustration·​and·​help·​everybody·​get·​better·​results·​from
39 ······​FreeBSD-​questions.​··​In·​the·​following·​section,​·​I·​recommend·​how·​to·​submit39 ······​FreeBSD-​questions.​··​In·​the·​following·​section,​·​I·​recommend·​how·​to·​submit
40 ······​a·​question;​·​after·​that,​·​we·​will·​look·​at·​how·​to·​answer·​one.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp58246712"></​a>2.​·​How·​to·​subscribe·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD-​questions·​is·​a·​mailing·​list,​·​so·​you·​need·​mail·​access.​··​Point40 ······​a·​question;​·​after·​that,​·​we·​will·​look·​at·​how·​to·​answer·​one.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp58176312"></​a>2.​·​How·​to·​subscribe·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD-​questions·​is·​a·​mailing·​list,​·​so·​you·​need·​mail·​access.​··​Point
41 ······​your·​WWW·​browser·​to·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​questions"·​target="_top">informa​tion·​page·​of·​the·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list</​a>.​41 ······​your·​WWW·​browser·​to·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​questions"·​target="_top">informa​tion·​page·​of·​the·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list</​a>.​
42 ······​In·​the·​section·​titled·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Subscri​bing·​to·​freebsd-​questions</​span>”</​span>·​fill42 ······​In·​the·​section·​titled·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Subscri​bing·​to·​freebsd-​questions</​span>”</​span>·​fill
43 ······​in·​the·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Your·​email·​address</​span>”</​span>·​field;​·​the·​other·​fields·​are·​optional.​43 ······​in·​the·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Your·​email·​address</​span>”</​span>·​field;​·​the·​other·​fields·​are·​optional.​
44 ····​</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">The·​password·​fields·​in·​the·​subscription·​form·​provide·​only·​mild44 ····​</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">The·​password·​fields·​in·​the·​subscription·​form·​provide·​only·​mild
45 ········​security,​·​but·​should·​prevent·​others·​from·​messing·​with·​your45 ········​security,​·​but·​should·​prevent·​others·​from·​messing·​with·​your
46 ········​subscription.​··​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Do·​not·​use·​a·​valuable·​password</​em></​span>·​as46 ········​subscription.​··​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Do·​not·​use·​a·​valuable·​password</​em></​span>·​as
47 ········​it·​will·​occasionally·​be·​emailed·​back·​to·​you·​in·​cleartext.​</​p></​div><p>You·​will·​receive·​a·​confirmation·​message·​from47 ········​it·​will·​occasionally·​be·​emailed·​back·​to·​you·​in·​cleartext.​</​p></​div><p>You·​will·​receive·​a·​confirmation·​message·​from
48 ······​<span·​class="application">m​ailman</​span>;​·​follow·​the·​included·​instructions48 ······​<span·​class="application">m​ailman</​span>;​·​follow·​the·​included·​instructions
49 ······​to·​complete·​your·​subscription.​</​p><p>Finally,​·​when·​you·​get·​the·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Welcome​</​span>”</​span>·​message·​from49 ······​to·​complete·​your·​subscription.​</​p><p>Finally,​·​when·​you·​get·​the·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Welcome​</​span>”</​span>·​message·​from
50 ······​<span·​class="application">m​ailman</​span>·​telling·​you·​the·​details·​of·​the·​list50 ······​<span·​class="application">m​ailman</​span>·​telling·​you·​the·​details·​of·​the·​list
51 ······​and·​subscription·​area·​password,​·​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​please·​save·​it</​em></​span>.​51 ······​and·​subscription·​area·​password,​·​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​please·​save·​it</​em></​span>.​
52 ······​If·​you·​ever·​should·​want·​to·​leave·​the·​list,​·​you·​will·​need·​the·​information52 ······​If·​you·​ever·​should·​want·​to·​leave·​the·​list,​·​you·​will·​need·​the·​information
53 ······​there.​··​See·​the·​next·​section·​for·​more·​details.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp58285880"></​a>3.​·​How·​to·​unsubscribe·​from·​FreeBSD-​questions</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>When·​you·​subscribed·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions,​·​you·​got·​a·​welcome·​message53 ······​there.​··​See·​the·​next·​section·​for·​more·​details.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp58281912"></​a>3.​·​How·​to·​unsubscribe·​from·​FreeBSD-​questions</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>When·​you·​subscribed·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions,​·​you·​got·​a·​welcome·​message
54 ······​from·​<span·​class="application">m​ailman</​span>.​··​In·​this·​message,​·​amongst54 ······​from·​<span·​class="application">m​ailman</​span>.​··​In·​this·​message,​·​amongst
55 ······​other·​things,​·​it·​told·​you·​how·​to·​unsubscribe.​··​Here·​is·​a·​typical55 ······​other·​things,​·​it·​told·​you·​how·​to·​unsubscribe.​··​Here·​is·​a·​typical
56 ······​message:​</​p><pre·​class="literallayout"​>Welcome·​to·​the·​freebsd-​questions@freebsd.​org·​mailing·​list!56 ······​message:​</​p><pre·​class="literallayout"​>Welcome·​to·​the·​freebsd-​questions@freebsd.​org·​mailing·​list!
  
57 To·​post·​to·​this·​list,​·​send·​your·​email·​to:​57 To·​post·​to·​this·​list,​·​send·​your·​email·​to:​
  
58 ··​freebsd-​questions@freebsd.​org58 ··​freebsd-​questions@freebsd.​org
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90 ······​to·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Unsubsc​ribe</​span>”</​span>·​you·​from·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing90 ······​to·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Unsubsc​ribe</​span>”</​span>·​you·​from·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing
91 ······​list.​</​p><p>A·​confirmation·​message·​will·​be·​sent·​to·​you·​from91 ······​list.​</​p><p>A·​confirmation·​message·​will·​be·​sent·​to·​you·​from
92 ······​<span·​class="application">m​ailman</​span>;​·​follow·​the·​included·​instructions92 ······​<span·​class="application">m​ailman</​span>;​·​follow·​the·​included·​instructions
93 ······​to·​finish·​unsubscribing.​</​p><p>If·​you·​have·​done·​this,​·​and·​you·​still·​can·​not·​figure·​out·​what93 ······​to·​finish·​unsubscribing.​</​p><p>If·​you·​have·​done·​this,​·​and·​you·​still·​can·​not·​figure·​out·​what
94 ······​is·​going·​on,​·​send·​a·​message·​to94 ······​is·​going·​on,​·​send·​a·​message·​to
95 ······​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​freebsd-​questions-​request@FreeBSD.​org">freebsd-​questions-​request@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,​·​and·​they·​will95 ······​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​freebsd-​questions-​request@FreeBSD.​org">freebsd-​questions-​request@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,​·​and·​they·​will
96 ······​sort·​things·​out·​for·​you.​··​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Do·​not</​em></​span>·​send·​a·​message·​to96 ······​sort·​things·​out·​for·​you.​··​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Do·​not</​em></​span>·​send·​a·​message·​to
97 ······​FreeBSD-​questions:​·​they·​can·​not·​help·​you.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp59022520"></​a>4.​·​Should·​I·​ask·​<code·​class="literal">-​questions</​code>·​or97 ······​FreeBSD-​questions:​·​they·​can·​not·​help·​you.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp58432312"></​a>4.​·​Should·​I·​ask·​<code·​class="literal">-​questions</​code>·​or
98 ······​<code·​class="literal">-​hackers</​code>?</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Two·​mailing·​lists·​handle·​general·​questions·​about·​FreeBSD,​98 ······​<code·​class="literal">-​hackers</​code>?</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Two·​mailing·​lists·​handle·​general·​questions·​about·​FreeBSD,​
99 ······​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​questions</​code>·​and99 ······​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​questions</​code>·​and
100 ······​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​hackers</​code>.​··​In·​some·​cases,​·​it·​is·​not·​really100 ······​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​hackers</​code>.​··​In·​some·​cases,​·​it·​is·​not·​really
101 ······​clear·​which·​group·​you·​should·​ask.​··​The·​following·​criteria·​should·​help101 ······​clear·​which·​group·​you·​should·​ask.​··​The·​following·​criteria·​should·​help
102 ······​for·​99%·​of·​all·​questions,​·​however:​</​p><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>I​f·​the·​question·​is·​of·​a·​general·​nature,​·​ask102 ······​for·​99%·​of·​all·​questions,​·​however:​</​p><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>I​f·​the·​question·​is·​of·​a·​general·​nature,​·​ask
103 »       ​··​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​questions</​code>.​··​Examples·​might·​be·​questions103 »       ​··​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​questions</​code>.​··​Examples·​might·​be·​questions
104 »       ​··​about·​installing·​FreeBSD·​or·​the·​use·​of·​a·​particular·​<span·​class="trademark">UNI​X</​span>®104 »       ​··​about·​installing·​FreeBSD·​or·​the·​use·​of·​a·​particular·​<span·​class="trademark">UNI​X</​span>®
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112 »       ​··​can·​make·​suggestions·​about·​how·​to·​implement·​them,​·​then·​send·​the112 »       ​··​can·​make·​suggestions·​about·​how·​to·​implement·​them,​·​then·​send·​the
113 »       ​··​message·​to·​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​hackers</​code>.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div><p>There·​are·​also·​a·​number·​of·​other·​specialized·​mailing·​lists,​·​for113 »       ​··​message·​to·​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​hackers</​code>.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div><p>There·​are·​also·​a·​number·​of·​other·​specialized·​mailing·​lists,​·​for
114 ······​example·​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​isp</​code>,​·​which·​caters·​to·​the·​interests·​of114 ······​example·​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​isp</​code>,​·​which·​caters·​to·​the·​interests·​of
115 ······​ISPs·​(Internet·​Service·​Providers)​·​who·​run·​FreeBSD.​··​If·​you·​happen·​to·​be115 ······​ISPs·​(Internet·​Service·​Providers)​·​who·​run·​FreeBSD.​··​If·​you·​happen·​to·​be
116 ······​an·​ISP,​·​this·​does·​not·​mean·​you·​should·​automatically·​send·​your·​questions116 ······​an·​ISP,​·​this·​does·​not·​mean·​you·​should·​automatically·​send·​your·​questions
117 ······​to·​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​isp</​code>.​··​The·​criteria·​above·​still·​apply,​·​and117 ······​to·​<code·​class="literal">FreeB​SD-​isp</​code>.​··​The·​criteria·​above·​still·​apply,​·​and
118 ······​it·​is·​in·​your·​interest·​to·​stick·​to·​them,​·​since·​you·​are·​more·​likely·​to·​get118 ······​it·​is·​in·​your·​interest·​to·​stick·​to·​them,​·​since·​you·​are·​more·​likely·​to·​get
119 ······​good·​results·​that·​way.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp59343032"></​a>5.​·​Before·​submitting·​a·​question</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>You·​can·​(and·​should)​·​do·​some·​things·​yourself·​before·​asking·​a·​question119 ······​good·​results·​that·​way.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp59063352"></​a>5.​·​Before·​submitting·​a·​question</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>You·​can·​(and·​should)​·​do·​some·​things·​yourself·​before·​asking·​a·​question
120 ······​on·​one·​of·​the·​mailing·​lists:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​ry·​solving·​the·​problem·​on·​your·​own.​··​If·​you·​post·​a·​question·​which120 ······​on·​one·​of·​the·​mailing·​lists:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​ry·​solving·​the·​problem·​on·​your·​own.​··​If·​you·​post·​a·​question·​which
121 »       ​··​shows·​that·​you·​have·​tried·​to·​solve·​the·​problem,​·​your·​question·​will121 »       ​··​shows·​that·​you·​have·​tried·​to·​solve·​the·​problem,​·​your·​question·​will
122 »       ​··​generally·​attract·​more·​positive·​attention·​from·​people·​reading·​it.​122 »       ​··​generally·​attract·​more·​positive·​attention·​from·​people·​reading·​it.​
123 »       ​··​Trying·​to·​solve·​the·​problem·​yourself·​will·​also·​enhance·​your·​understanding123 »       ​··​Trying·​to·​solve·​the·​problem·​yourself·​will·​also·​enhance·​your·​understanding
124 »       ​··​of·​FreeBSD,​·​and·​will·​eventually·​let·​you·​use·​your·​knowledge·​to·​help·​others124 »       ​··​of·​FreeBSD,​·​and·​will·​eventually·​let·​you·​use·​your·​knowledge·​to·​help·​others
125 »       ​··​by·​answering·​questions·​posted·​to·​the·​mailing·​lists.​125 »       ​··​by·​answering·​questions·​posted·​to·​the·​mailing·​lists.​
126 »       ​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>R​ead·​the·​manual·​pages,​·​and·​the·​FreeBSD·​documentation·​(either126 »       ​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>R​ead·​the·​manual·​pages,​·​and·​the·​FreeBSD·​documentation·​(either
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134 »       ​··​at·​<code·​class="uri"><a·​class="uri"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​mail"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​mail</​a></​code>134 »       ​··​at·​<code·​class="uri"><a·​class="uri"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​mail"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​mail</​a></​code>
135 »       ​··​and·​<code·​class="uri"><a·​class="uri"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​search/​search.​html#mailinglists"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​search/​search.​html#mailinglists</​a></​code>135 »       ​··​and·​<code·​class="uri"><a·​class="uri"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​search/​search.​html#mailinglists"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​search/​search.​html#mailinglists</​a></​code>
136 »       ​··​respectively.​··​This·​can·​be·​done·​at·​other·​WWW·​sites·​as·​well,​·​for·​example136 »       ​··​respectively.​··​This·​can·​be·​done·​at·​other·​WWW·​sites·​as·​well,​·​for·​example
137 »       ​··​at·​<code·​class="uri"><a·​class="uri"·​href="http:​/​/​marc.​theaimsgroup.​com"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​marc.​theaimsgroup.​com</​a></​code>.​137 »       ​··​at·​<code·​class="uri"><a·​class="uri"·​href="http:​/​/​marc.​theaimsgroup.​com"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​marc.​theaimsgroup.​com</​a></​code>.​
138 »       ​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>U​se·​a·​search·​engine·​such·​as·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​google.​com"·​target="_top">Google<​/​a>138 »       ​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>U​se·​a·​search·​engine·​such·​as·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​google.​com"·​target="_top">Google<​/​a>
139 ··········​or·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​yahoo.​com"·​target="_top">Yahoo</​a>·​to·​find·​answers·​to·​your·​question.​139 ··········​or·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​yahoo.​com"·​target="_top">Yahoo</​a>·​to·​find·​answers·​to·​your·​question.​
140 »       ​··​Google·​even·​has·​a·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​google.​com/​bsd"·​target="_top">BSD-​specific·​search·​interface</​a>.​140 »       ​··​Google·​even·​has·​a·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​google.​com/​bsd"·​target="_top">BSD-​specific·​search·​interface</​a>.​
141 ········​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp59386680"></​a>6.​·​How·​to·​submit·​a·​question</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>When·​submitting·​a·​question·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions,​·​consider·​the141 ········​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp59332280"></​a>6.​·​How·​to·​submit·​a·​question</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>When·​submitting·​a·​question·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions,​·​consider·​the
142 ······​following·​points:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>R​emember·​that·​nobody·​gets·​paid·​for·​answering·​a·​FreeBSD142 ······​following·​points:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>R​emember·​that·​nobody·​gets·​paid·​for·​answering·​a·​FreeBSD
143 »       ​··​question.​·​They·​do·​it·​of·​their·​own·​free·​will.​··​You·​can·​influence·​this143 »       ​··​question.​·​They·​do·​it·​of·​their·​own·​free·​will.​··​You·​can·​influence·​this
144 »       ​··​free·​will·​positively·​by·​submitting·​a·​well-​formulated·​question144 »       ​··​free·​will·​positively·​by·​submitting·​a·​well-​formulated·​question
145 »       ​··​supplying·​as·​much·​relevant·​information·​as·​possible.​··​You·​can145 »       ​··​supplying·​as·​much·​relevant·​information·​as·​possible.​··​You·​can
146 »       ​··​influence·​this·​free·​will·​negatively·​by·​submitting·​an·​incomplete,​146 »       ​··​influence·​this·​free·​will·​negatively·​by·​submitting·​an·​incomplete,​
147 »       ​··​illegible,​·​or·​rude·​question.​·​It·​is·​perfectly·​possible·​to·​send·​a147 »       ​··​illegible,​·​or·​rude·​question.​·​It·​is·​perfectly·​possible·​to·​send·​a
148 »       ​··​message·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions·​and·​not·​get·​an·​answer·​even·​if·​you148 »       ​··​message·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions·​and·​not·​get·​an·​answer·​even·​if·​you
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218 »       ​··​was·​offline.​··​If·​you·​do·​not·​get·​an·​answer·​after,​·​say,​·​a·​week,​·​it218 »       ​··​was·​offline.​··​If·​you·​do·​not·​get·​an·​answer·​after,​·​say,​·​a·​week,​·​it
219 »       ​··​might·​help·​to·​re-​send·​the·​message.​··​If·​you·​do·​not·​get·​an·​answer·​to219 »       ​··​might·​help·​to·​re-​send·​the·​message.​··​If·​you·​do·​not·​get·​an·​answer·​to
220 »       ​··​your·​second·​message,​·​though,​·​you·​are·​probably·​not·​going·​to·​get·​one220 »       ​··​your·​second·​message,​·​though,​·​you·​are·​probably·​not·​going·​to·​get·​one
221 »       ​··​from·​this·​forum.​··​Resending·​the·​same·​message·​again·​and·​again·​will221 »       ​··​from·​this·​forum.​··​Resending·​the·​same·​message·​again·​and·​again·​will
222 »       ​··​only·​make·​you·​unpopular.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div><p>To·​summarize,​·​let's·​assume·​you·​know·​the·​answer·​to·​the·​following222 »       ​··​only·​make·​you·​unpopular.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div><p>To·​summarize,​·​let's·​assume·​you·​know·​the·​answer·​to·​the·​following
223 ······​question·​(yes,​·​it·​is·​the·​same·​one·​in·​each·​case)​.​223 ······​question·​(yes,​·​it·​is·​the·​same·​one·​in·​each·​case)​.​
224 ······​You·​choose·​which·​of·​these·​two·​questions·​you·​would·​be·​more·​prepared·​to224 ······​You·​choose·​which·​of·​these·​two·​questions·​you·​would·​be·​more·​prepared·​to
225 ······​answer:​</​p><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp59499704"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">範例·​1.​·​Message·​1</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><pre·​class="literallayout"​>Subject:​·​HELP!!?!??225 ······​answer:​</​p><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp59448760"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">範例·​1.​·​Message·​1</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><pre·​class="literallayout"​>Subject:​·​HELP!!?!??
226 I·​just·​can't·​get·​hits·​damn·​silly·​FereBSD·​system·​to226 I·​just·​can't·​get·​hits·​damn·​silly·​FereBSD·​system·​to
227 workd,​·​and·​Im·​really·​good·​at·​this·​tsuff,​·​but·​I·​have·​never·​seen227 workd,​·​and·​Im·​really·​good·​at·​this·​tsuff,​·​but·​I·​have·​never·​seen
228 anythign·​sho·​difficult·​to·​install,​·​it·​jst·​wont·​work·​whatever·​I·​try228 anythign·​sho·​difficult·​to·​install,​·​it·​jst·​wont·​work·​whatever·​I·​try
229 so·​why·​don't·​you·​guys·​tell·​me·​what·​I·​doing·​wrong.​</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp59502392"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">範例·​2.​·​Message·​2</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><pre·​class="literallayout"​>Subject:​·​Problems·​installing·​FreeBSD229 so·​why·​don't·​you·​guys·​tell·​me·​what·​I·​doing·​wrong.​</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp59451704"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">範例·​2.​·​Message·​2</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><pre·​class="literallayout"​>Subject:​·​Problems·​installing·​FreeBSD
  
230 I've·​just·​got·​the·​FreeBSD·​2.​1.​5·​CDROM·​from·​Walnut·​Creek,​·​and·​I'm·​having·​a·​lot230 I've·​just·​got·​the·​FreeBSD·​2.​1.​5·​CDROM·​from·​Walnut·​Creek,​·​and·​I'm·​having·​a·​lot
231 of·​difficulty·​installing·​it.​··​I·​have·​a·​66·​MHz·​486·​with·​16·​MB·​of231 of·​difficulty·​installing·​it.​··​I·​have·​a·​66·​MHz·​486·​with·​16·​MB·​of
232 memory·​and·​an·​Adaptec·​1540A·​SCSI·​board,​·​a·​1.​2GB·​Quantum·​Fireball232 memory·​and·​an·​Adaptec·​1540A·​SCSI·​board,​·​a·​1.​2GB·​Quantum·​Fireball
233 disk·​and·​a·​Toshiba·​3501XA·​CDROM·​drive.​··​The·​installation·​works·​just233 disk·​and·​a·​Toshiba·​3501XA·​CDROM·​drive.​··​The·​installation·​works·​just
234 fine,​·​but·​when·​I·​try·​to·​reboot·​the·​system,​·​I·​get·​the·​message234 fine,​·​but·​when·​I·​try·​to·​reboot·​the·​system,​·​I·​get·​the·​message
235 <span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Missing​·​Operating·​System</​span>”</​span>.​</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp59520312"></​a>7.​·​How·​to·​follow·​up·​to·​a·​question</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Often·​you·​will·​want·​to·​send·​in·​additional·​information·​to·​a·​question235 <span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Missing​·​Operating·​System</​span>”</​span>.​</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp59457592"></​a>7.​·​How·​to·​follow·​up·​to·​a·​question</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Often·​you·​will·​want·​to·​send·​in·​additional·​information·​to·​a·​question
236 ······​you·​have·​already·​sent.​··​The·​best·​way·​to·​do·​this·​is·​to·​reply·​to·​your236 ······​you·​have·​already·​sent.​··​The·​best·​way·​to·​do·​this·​is·​to·​reply·​to·​your
237 ······​original·​message.​··​This·​has·​three·​advantages:​</​p><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>Y​ou·​include·​the·​original·​message·​text,​·​so·​people·​will·​know·​what237 ······​original·​message.​··​This·​has·​three·​advantages:​</​p><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>Y​ou·​include·​the·​original·​message·​text,​·​so·​people·​will·​know·​what
238 »       ​··​you·​are·​talking·​about.​··​Do·​not·​forget·​to·​trim·​unnecessary·​text·​out,​238 »       ​··​you·​are·​talking·​about.​··​Do·​not·​forget·​to·​trim·​unnecessary·​text·​out,​
239 »       ​··​though.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​he·​text·​in·​the·​subject·​line·​stays·​the·​same·​(you·​did·​remember·​to239 »       ​··​though.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​he·​text·​in·​the·​subject·​line·​stays·​the·​same·​(you·​did·​remember·​to
240 »       ​··​put·​one·​in,​·​did·​you·​not?)​.​··​Many·​mailers·​will·​sort·​messages·​by240 »       ​··​put·​one·​in,​·​did·​you·​not?)​.​··​Many·​mailers·​will·​sort·​messages·​by
241 »       ​··​subject.​·​This·​helps·​group·​messages·​together.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​he·​message·​reference·​numbers·​in·​the·​header·​will·​refer·​to·​the241 »       ​··​subject.​·​This·​helps·​group·​messages·​together.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​he·​message·​reference·​numbers·​in·​the·​header·​will·​refer·​to·​the
242 »       ​··​previous·​message.​··​Some·​mailers,​·​such·​as242 »       ​··​previous·​message.​··​Some·​mailers,​·​such·​as
243 »       ​··​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​mutt.​org/​"·​target="_top">mutt</​a>,​·​can243 »       ​··​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​mutt.​org/​"·​target="_top">mutt</​a>,​·​can
244 »       ​··​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​thread</​em></​span>·​messages,​·​showing·​the·​exact244 »       ​··​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​thread</​em></​span>·​messages,​·​showing·​the·​exact
245 »       ​··​relationships·​between·​the·​messages.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp59534648"></​a>8.​·​How·​to·​answer·​a·​question</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Before·​you·​answer·​a·​question·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions,​·​consider:​</​p><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>A​·​lot·​of·​the·​points·​on·​submitting·​questions·​also·​apply·​to245 »       ​··​relationships·​between·​the·​messages.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp59476024"></​a>8.​·​How·​to·​answer·​a·​question</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Before·​you·​answer·​a·​question·​to·​FreeBSD-​questions,​·​consider:​</​p><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>A​·​lot·​of·​the·​points·​on·​submitting·​questions·​also·​apply·​to
246 »       ​··​answering·​questions.​··​Read·​them.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>H​as·​somebody·​already·​answered·​the·​question?··​The·​easiest·​way·​to246 »       ​··​answering·​questions.​··​Read·​them.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>H​as·​somebody·​already·​answered·​the·​question?··​The·​easiest·​way·​to
247 »       ​··​check·​this·​is·​to·​sort·​your·​incoming·​mail·​by·​subject:​·​then247 »       ​··​check·​this·​is·​to·​sort·​your·​incoming·​mail·​by·​subject:​·​then
248 »       ​··​(hopefully)​·​you·​will·​see·​the·​question·​followed·​by·​any·​answers,​·​all248 »       ​··​(hopefully)​·​you·​will·​see·​the·​question·​followed·​by·​any·​answers,​·​all
249 »       ​··​together.​</​p><p>If·​somebody·​has·​already·​answered·​it,​·​it·​does·​not·​automatically249 »       ​··​together.​</​p><p>If·​somebody·​has·​already·​answered·​it,​·​it·​does·​not·​automatically
250 »       ​··​mean·​that·​you·​should·​not·​send·​another·​answer.​··​But·​it·​makes·​sense·​to250 »       ​··​mean·​that·​you·​should·​not·​send·​another·​answer.​··​But·​it·​makes·​sense·​to
251 »       ​··​read·​all·​the·​other·​answers·​first.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>D​o·​you·​have·​something·​to·​contribute·​beyond·​what·​has·​already·​been251 »       ​··​read·​all·​the·​other·​answers·​first.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>D​o·​you·​have·​something·​to·​contribute·​beyond·​what·​has·​already·​been
252 »       ​··​said?··​In·​general,​·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Yeah,​·​me·​too</​span>”</​span>·​answers·​do·​not·​help252 »       ​··​said?··​In·​general,​·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Yeah,​·​me·​too</​span>”</​span>·​answers·​do·​not·​help
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1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>Mirroring·​FreeBSD</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="這是份還在草稿中的文章,​主要是(尤其是給各區網中心管理者的參考)​介紹如何·​mirror·​FreeBSD。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60868408"></​a>Mirroring·​FreeBSD</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Jun​</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Kuriy​ama</​span></​h3><div·​class="aff·​✂2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>Mirroring·​FreeBSD</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="這是份還在草稿中的文章,​主要是(尤其是給各區網中心管理者的參考)​介紹如何·​mirror·​FreeBSD。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60741432"></​a>Mirroring·​FreeBSD</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Jun​</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Kuriy​ama</​span></​h3><div·​class="aff·​✂
3 ··​John·​D.​·​Polstra·​的註冊商標。</​p><p>許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商​標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。3 ··​John·​D.​·​Polstra·​的註冊商標。</​p><p>許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商​標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。
4 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>這是份還在草稿中的文章,主要​是(尤其是給各區網中心管理者的參考)​介紹如何·​mirror·​FreeBSD。</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="docformatnavi"​>4 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>這是份還在草稿中的文章,主要​是(尤其是給各區網中心管理者的參考)​介紹如何·​mirror·​FreeBSD。</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="docformatnavi"​>
5 ······​[5 ······​[
6 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>6 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>
7 ······​/​7 ······​/​
8 ······8 ······
9 »       ​··​完整模式9 »       ​··​完整模式
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1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>FreeBSD·​Mailing·​Lists·​常見問答集</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="這是有關·​FreeBSD·​mailing·​lists·​的·​FAQ。如果您對協助本文件/​翻譯計畫·​的進行有興趣的話,請寄·​e-​mail·​到·​FreeBSD·​documentation·​project·​郵遞論壇。此外,隨時可從·​FreeBSD·​網站·​拿到這份文件的最新版本。·​也可以利用·​HTTP·​來下載·​HTML·​文件,或是經由·​FreeBSD·​FTP·​站·​下載純文字、PostScript、或·​PDF·​版本的檔案。·​您也可以在這裡使用·​搜尋·​FAQ·​資料·​的功能。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60876600"></​a>FreeBSD·​Mailing·​Lists·​常見問答集</​h1></​di·​✂2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>FreeBSD·​Mailing·​Lists·​常見問答集</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="這是有關·​FreeBSD·​mailing·​lists·​的·​FAQ。如果您對協助本文件/​翻譯計畫·​的進行有興趣的話,請寄·​e-​mail·​到·​FreeBSD·​documentation·​project·​郵遞論壇。此外,隨時可從·​FreeBSD·​網站·​拿到這份文件的最新版本。·​也可以利用·​HTTP·​來下載·​HTML·​文件,或是經由·​FreeBSD·​FTP·​站·​下載純文字、PostScript、或·​PDF·​版本的檔案。·​您也可以在這裡使用·​搜尋·​FAQ·​資料·​的功能。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp57162552"></​a>FreeBSD·​Mailing·​Lists·​常見問答集</​h1></​di·​✂
3 »       ​的進行有興趣的話,請寄·​e-​mail·​到3 »       ​的進行有興趣的話,請寄·​e-​mail·​到
4 »       ​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​doc"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​documentation·​project·​郵遞論壇</​a>。此外,隨時可從·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​mailing-​list-​faq/​index.​html"·​target="_top">4 »       ​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​doc"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​documentation·​project·​郵遞論壇</​a>。此外,隨時可從·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​mailing-​list-​faq/​index.​html"·​target="_top">
5 »       ​FreeBSD·​網站</​a>·​拿到這份文件的最新版本。5 »       ​FreeBSD·​網站</​a>·​拿到這份文件的最新版本。
6 »       ​也可以利用·​HTTP·​來下載·​<a·​class="link"·​href="article.​html"·​target="_top">HTML</​a>6 »       ​也可以利用·​HTTP·​來下載·​<a·​class="link"·​href="article.​html"·​target="_top">HTML</​a>
7 »       ​文件,或是經由·​<a·​class="link"·​href="ftp:​/​/​ftp.​FreeBSD.​org/​pub/​FreeBSD/​doc/​"·​target="_top">7 »       ​文件,或是經由·​<a·​class="link"·​href="ftp:​/​/​ftp.​FreeBSD.​org/​pub/​FreeBSD/​doc/​"·​target="_top">
8 »       ​FreeBSD·​FTP·​站</​a>·​下載純文字、<span·​class="trademark">Pos​tScript</​span>®、或·​PDF·​版本的檔案。8 »       ​FreeBSD·​FTP·​站</​a>·​下載純文字、<span·​class="trademark">Pos​tScript</​span>®、或·​PDF·​版本的檔案。
9 »       ​您也可以在這裡使用9 »       ​您也可以在這裡使用
Offset 15, 42 lines modifiedOffset 15, 42 lines modified
15 ······15 ······
16 »       ​··​完整模式16 »       ​··​完整模式
17 »       ​17 »       ​
18 ······​]18 ······​]
19 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">內容目錄</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#introduction">​1.​·​前言</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#etiquette">2.​·​Mailing·​List·​的參與禮儀</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#recurring">3.​·​Mailing·​Lists·​上的重複性問題</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#bikeshed">4.​·​什麼是·​"Bikeshed"·​呀?</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#acknowledgment​s">5.​·​致謝</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="introduction"></​a>1.​·​前言</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>如同其他·​FAQs·​一樣,本文主要目的是希望涵蓋在·​FreeBSD·​mailing19 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">內容目錄</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#introduction">​1.​·​前言</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#etiquette">2.​·​Mailing·​List·​的參與禮儀</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#recurring">3.​·​Mailing·​Lists·​上的重複性問題</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#bikeshed">4.​·​什麼是·​"Bikeshed"·​呀?</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#acknowledgment​s">5.​·​致謝</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="introduction"></​a>1.​·​前言</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>如同其他·​FAQs·​一樣,本文主要目的是希望涵蓋在·​FreeBSD·​mailing
20 ······​lists·​上面的常見問題(當然,包括答案)​。20 ······​lists·​上面的常見問題(當然,包括答案)​。
21 ······​雖然,原本構想是希望能降低這些重複問題的網​路流量,但如今已被公認·​FAQs·​也是相當好用的資源之一。</​p><p>本文主要是描述社群之間所培養的一​些禮儀(或默契)​,但本文本身並非『聖旨』般的權威。21 ······​雖然,原本構想是希望能降低這些重複問題的網​路流量,但如今已被公認·​FAQs·​也是相當好用的資源之一。</​p><p>本文主要是描述社群之間所培養的一​些禮儀(或默契)​,但本文本身並非『聖旨』般的權威。
22 ·······​若發現本文內有任何技術瑕疵,或者是想建議可​以增加哪些部分的話,請送·​PR,或是·​email·​到·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​doc"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​documentation·​project·​郵遞論壇</​a>。謝囉!</​p><div·​class="qandaset"><a·​id="idp58242232"></​a><dl><dt>1.​1.​·​<a·​href="#idp58243256">F​reeBSD·​mailing·​lists·​的目的為何?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​2.​·​<a·​href="#idp58411320">F​reeBSD·​mailing·​lists·​的參與者有哪些?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​3.​·​<a·​href="#idp58487480">F​reeBSD·​mailing·​lists·​對任何人都是開放參與的嗎?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​4.​·​<a·​href="#idp59047608">要​怎麼訂閱呢?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​5.​·​<a·​href="#idp59210168">要​怎麼退訂?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​6.​·​<a·​href="#idp59316792">可​以找到舊信的資料庫嗎?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​7.​·​<a·​href="#idp59323576">m​ailing·​lists·​可有摘要版呢?</​a></​dt></​dl><table·​border="0"·​style="width:​·​100%;​"><colgroup><col·​align="left"·​width="1%"·​/​><col·​/​></​colgroup><tbody><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp58243256"></​a><a·​id="purpose"></​a><p><strong>1.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>FreeB​SD·​mailing·​lists·​的目的為何?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign=·​✂22 ·······​若發現本文內有任何技術瑕疵,或者是想建議可​以增加哪些部分的話,請送·​PR,或是·​email·​到·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​doc"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​documentation·​project·​郵遞論壇</​a>。謝囉!</​p><div·​class="qandaset"><a·​id="idp58249016"></​a><dl><dt>1.​1.​·​<a·​href="#idp58249272">F​reeBSD·​mailing·​lists·​的目的為何?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​2.​·​<a·​href="#idp58295992">F​reeBSD·​mailing·​lists·​的參與者有哪些?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​3.​·​<a·​href="#idp58408504">F​reeBSD·​mailing·​lists·​對任何人都是開放參與的嗎?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​4.​·​<a·​href="#idp58967864">要​怎麼訂閱呢?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​5.​·​<a·​href="#idp58974136">要​怎麼退訂?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​6.​·​<a·​href="#idp59338552">可​以找到舊信的資料庫嗎?</​a></​dt><dt>1.​7.​·​<a·​href="#idp59345464">m​ailing·​lists·​可有摘要版呢?</​a></​dt></​dl><table·​border="0"·​style="width:​·​100%;​"><colgroup><col·​align="left"·​width="1%"·​/​><col·​/​></​colgroup><tbody><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp58249272"></​a><a·​id="purpose"></​a><p><strong>1.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>FreeB​SD·​mailing·​lists·​的目的為何?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign=·​✂
23 »       ​····​而有些則主要是幾乎整體·​FreeBSD·​社群都可以隨意參與討論的。請看·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo"·​target="_top">這份清單</​a>·​上面有目前所有·​list·​的摘要說明。</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp58487480"></​a><a·​id="participation-​who"></​a><p><strong>1.​3.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>FreeB​SD·​mailing·​lists·​對任何人都是開放參與的嗎?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>再重複一次​,這要看各個·​list·​的『版規(charter)​』定位而有所不同。23 »       ​····​而有些則主要是幾乎整體·​FreeBSD·​社群都可以隨意參與討論的。請看·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo"·​target="_top">這份清單</​a>·​上面有目前所有·​list·​的摘要說明。</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp58408504"></​a><a·​id="participation-​who"></​a><p><strong>1.​3.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>FreeB​SD·​mailing·​lists·​對任何人都是開放參與的嗎?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>再重複一次​,這要看各個·​list·​的『版規(charter)​』定位而有所不同。
24 »       ​····​請在發文前,先注意閱讀該·​list·​的『版規(charter)​』,並遵守相關原則。24 »       ​····​請在發文前,先注意閱讀該·​list·​的『版規(charter)​』,並遵守相關原則。
25 »       ​····​如此一來,才會讓大家都能溝通更無礙。</​p><p>如果看了上一個問答內的清單之後,​還是不清楚要到哪個·​list·​去發問的話,25 »       ​····​如此一來,才會讓大家都能溝通更無礙。</​p><p>如果看了上一個問答內的清單之後,​還是不清楚要到哪個·​list·​去發問的話,
26 »       ​····​那麼可以試著把問題丟到·​freebsd-​questions·​看看(但請先看下面講的補充)​。</​p><p>請注意:習慣上所有·​mailing·​lists·​都是開放發表討論的,也不必得先成為訂閱會員​才行。26 »       ​····​那麼可以試著把問題丟到·​freebsd-​questions·​看看(但請先看下面講的補充)​。</​p><p>請注意:習慣上所有·​mailing·​lists·​都是開放發表討論的,也不必得先成為訂閱會員​才行。
27 »       ​····​這是相當審慎的選擇,來讓參與·​FreeBSD·​社群更輕鬆容易,並鼓勵互相分享彼此的想法。​27 »       ​····​這是相當審慎的選擇,來讓參與·​FreeBSD·​社群更輕鬆容易,並鼓勵互相分享彼此的想法。​
28 »       ​····​然而,由於過去有些人的濫用,有些·​lists·​現在開始限制參與討論的部分,以避免不必要的​困擾。</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59047608"></​a><a·​id="subscribe"></​a><p><strong>1.​4.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>要怎麼訂閱​呢?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>可以用·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo"·​target="_top">28 »       ​····​然而,由於過去有些人的濫用,有些·​lists·​現在開始限制參與討論的部分,以避免不必要的​困擾。</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp58967864"></​a><a·​id="subscribe"></​a><p><strong>1.​4.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>要怎麼訂閱​呢?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>可以用·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo"·​target="_top">
29 »       ​····​Mailman·​網頁介面</​a>·​來訂閱任何公開的·​lists。</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59210168"></​a><a·​id="unsubscribe"></​a><p><strong>1.​5.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>要怎麼退訂​?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>一樣請用剛​上面說的網頁介面,或者·​mailing·​list·​上面每封信結尾處都會有相關·​URL·​連結的指示說明。</​p><p>千萬請不要直接寫信到這些公開的·​mailing·​lists·​說你要退訂。29 »       ​····​Mailman·​網頁介面</​a>·​來訂閱任何公開的·​lists。</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp58974136"></​a><a·​id="unsubscribe"></​a><p><strong>1.​5.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>要怎麼退訂​?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>一樣請用剛​上面說的網頁介面,或者·​mailing·​list·​上面每封信結尾處都會有相關·​URL·​連結的指示說明。</​p><p>千萬請不要直接寫信到這些公開的·​mailing·​lists·​說你要退訂。
30 »       ​····​首先呢.​.​因為本來就不是這樣退訂的,其次你會惹來眾怒​而招來圍剿、筆戰。30 »       ​····​首先呢.​.​因為本來就不是這樣退訂的,其次你會惹來眾怒​而招來圍剿、筆戰。
31 »       ​····​這是很典型的退訂錯誤示範,請不要這樣做。<​/​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59316792"></​a><a·​id="archives"></​a><p><strong>1.​6.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>可以找到舊​信的資料庫嗎?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>嗯,有!可​以在·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​docs.​FreeBSD.​org/​mail/​"·​target="_top">這邊</​a>31 »       ​····​這是很典型的退訂錯誤示範,請不要這樣做。<​/​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59338552"></​a><a·​id="archives"></​a><p><strong>1.​6.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>可以找到舊​信的資料庫嗎?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>嗯,有!可​以在·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​docs.​FreeBSD.​org/​mail/​"·​target="_top">這邊</​a>
32 »       ​····​找到相關的舊信資料庫(archive)​。</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59323576"></​a><a·​id="digest"></​a><p><strong>1.​7.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>maili​ng·​lists·​可有摘要版呢?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>當然也有,​請看·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo"·​target="_top">32 »       ​····​找到相關的舊信資料庫(archive)​。</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59345464"></​a><a·​id="digest"></​a><p><strong>1.​7.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>maili​ng·​lists·​可有摘要版呢?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>當然也有,​請看·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo"·​target="_top">
33 »       ​····​Mailman·​網頁介面</​a>。</​p></​td></​tr></​tbody></​table></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="etiquette"></​a>2.​·​Mailing·​List·​的參與禮儀</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>在·​mailing·​lists·​上參與討論,就像在其他社群一樣,我們都需要​一些溝通上的共識。33 »       ​····​Mailman·​網頁介面</​a>。</​p></​td></​tr></​tbody></​table></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="etiquette"></​a>2.​·​Mailing·​List·​的參與禮儀</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>在·​mailing·​lists·​上參與討論,就像在其他社群一樣,我們都需要​一些溝通上的共識。
34 ······​發言請注重禮儀(或默契)​,切勿無的放矢。</​p><div·​class="qandaset"><a·​id="idp59337144"></​a><dl><dt>2.​1.​·​<a·​href="#idp59338552">在​發文之前,有什麼注意事項呢?</​a></​dt><dt>2.​2.​·​<a·​href="#idp59355192">如​何避免不當發文呢?</​a></​dt><dt>2.​3.​·​<a·​href="#idp59379640">發​文時,有什麼該注意的嗎?</​a></​dt><dt>2.​4.​·​<a·​href="#idp59484728">在​·​mailing·​lists·​上回文的話,有什麼要特別注意的嗎?</​a></​dt></​dl><table·​border="0"·​style="width:​·​100%;​"><colgroup><col·​align="left"·​width="1%"·​/​><col·​/​></​colgroup><tbody><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59338552"></​a><a·​id="before-​posting"></​a><p><strong>2.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>在發文之前​,有什麼注意事項呢?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>最重要的是​你已經看了這篇文章,然而,若您對·​FreeBSD·​不熟的話,34 ······​發言請注重禮儀(或默契)​,切勿無的放矢。</​p><div·​class="qandaset"><a·​id="idp59355064"></​a><dl><dt>2.​1.​·​<a·​href="#idp59355704">在​發文之前,有什麼注意事項呢?</​a></​dt><dt>2.​2.​·​<a·​href="#idp59388088">如​何避免不當發文呢?</​a></​dt><dt>2.​3.​·​<a·​href="#idp59400248">發​文時,有什麼該注意的嗎?</​a></​dt><dt>2.​4.​·​<a·​href="#idp59494712">在​·​mailing·​lists·​上回文的話,有什麼要特別注意的嗎?</​a></​dt></​dl><table·​border="0"·​style="width:​·​100%;​"><colgroup><col·​align="left"·​width="1%"·​/​><col·​/​></​colgroup><tbody><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59355704"></​a><a·​id="before-​posting"></​a><p><strong>2.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>在發文之前​,有什麼注意事項呢?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>最重要的是​你已經看了這篇文章,然而,若您對·​FreeBSD·​不熟的話,
35 »       ​····​可能需要先廣泛閱讀35 »       ​····​可能需要先廣泛閱讀
36 »       ​····​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​docs/​books.​html"·​target="_top">相關書籍及文章​</​a>36 »       ​····​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​docs/​books.​html"·​target="_top">相關書籍及文章​</​a>
37 »       ​·····​來先熟悉這套作業系統和一些典故,尤其是其中​的·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​books/​faq/​index.​html"·​target="_top">37 »       ​·····​來先熟悉這套作業系統和一些典故,尤其是其中​的·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​books/​faq/​index.​html"·​target="_top">
38 »       ​····​FreeBSD·​常見問答集·​(FAQ)​</​a>·​文件,38 »       ​····​FreeBSD·​常見問答集·​(FAQ)​</​a>·​文件,
39 »       ​····​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​books/​handbook/​index.​html"·​target="_top">39 »       ​····​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​books/​handbook/​index.​html"·​target="_top">
40 »       ​····​FreeBSD·​使用手冊(Handbook)​</​a>,40 »       ​····​FreeBSD·​使用手冊(Handbook)​</​a>,
41 »       ​····​以及相關文章:<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​freebsd-​questions/​article.​html"·​target="_top">41 »       ​····​以及相關文章:<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​freebsd-​questions/​article.​html"·​target="_top">
42 »       ​····​How·​to·​get·​best·​results·​from·​the·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list</​a>、42 »       ​····​How·​to·​get·​best·​results·​from·​the·​FreeBSD-​questions·​mailing·​list</​a>、
43 »       ​····​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​explaining-​bsd/​article.​html"·​target="_top">43 »       ​····​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​explaining-​bsd/​article.​html"·​target="_top">
44 »       ​····​Explaining·​BSD</​a>、以及·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​new-​users/​article.​html"·​target="_top">44 »       ​····​Explaining·​BSD</​a>、以及·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​new-​users/​article.​html"·​target="_top">
45 »       ​····​FreeBSD·​First·​Steps</​a>。</​p><p>此外,對上述文件內已有解答的部份​又提出來問的話,會被認為是相當不禮貌的。45 »       ​····​FreeBSD·​First·​Steps</​a>。</​p><p>此外,對上述文件內已有解答的部份​又提出來問的話,會被認為是相當不禮貌的。
46 »       ​····​這並不是因為這群志工是相當吝於回答的,而是​一再被相同的問題不斷疲勞轟炸之後,所產生的​挫折感很重。46 »       ​····​這並不是因為這群志工是相當吝於回答的,而是​一再被相同的問題不斷疲勞轟炸之後,所產生的​挫折感很重。
47 »       ​····​尤其是現成答案明明就在眼前,卻仍同樣問題滿​天飛,這實在是.​.​.​。47 »       ​····​尤其是現成答案明明就在眼前,卻仍同樣問題滿​天飛,這實在是.​.​.​。
48 »       ​····​請注意:這些·​FreeBSD·​相關文件幾乎都是由一群無薪志工的好心成果,​而他們也是人。</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59355192"></​a><a·​id="inappropriate"></​a><p><strong>2.​2.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>如何避免不​當發文呢?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>發​文時,請務必遵守該·​mailing·​list·​的遊戲規則。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>不​要作人身攻擊。好的網路公民,應該要有更高的​言行標準。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>請​不要試圖作·​Spam·​行為(廣告、轉貼多處等不請自來行為)​。48 »       ​····​請注意:這些·​FreeBSD·​相關文件幾乎都是由一群無薪志工的好心成果,​而他們也是人。</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59388088"></​a><a·​id="inappropriate"></​a><p><strong>2.​2.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>如何避免不​當發文呢?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>發​文時,請務必遵守該·​mailing·​list·​的遊戲規則。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>不​要作人身攻擊。好的網路公民,應該要有更高的​言行標準。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>請​不要試圖作·​Spam·​行為(廣告、轉貼多處等不請自來行為)​。
49 »       ​»       ​所有·​mailing·​lists·​都會積極禁止這些違規者,一旦有的話,那麼後​果請自行負責。</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59379640"></​a><a·​id="etiquette-​posting"></​a><p><strong>2.​3.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>發文時,有​什麼該注意的嗎?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>發​文時,請保持一行約·​75·​個字元就自動斷行,因為並不是每個看的人都有​很炫的圖形介面(GUI)​看信軟體。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>請​注意:事實上,網路頻寬並不是無限的。49 »       ​»       ​所有·​mailing·​lists·​都會積極禁止這些違規者,一旦有的話,那麼後​果請自行負責。</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59400248"></​a><a·​id="etiquette-​posting"></​a><p><strong>2.​3.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>發文時,有​什麼該注意的嗎?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>發​文時,請保持一行約·​75·​個字元就自動斷行,因為並不是每個看的人都有​很炫的圖形介面(GUI)​看信軟體。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>請​注意:事實上,網路頻寬並不是無限的。
50 »       ​»       ​並非每個讀者的頻寬都很大,所以若想貼一些像​是·​<code·​class="filename">conf​ig.​log</​code>50 »       ​»       ​並非每個讀者的頻寬都很大,所以若想貼一些像​是·​<code·​class="filename">conf​ig.​log</​code>
51 »       ​»       ​之類的設定檔內容,或是大量的·​stack·​trace·​紀錄,那麼請把它放在自己網站上,然後貼出該​網址·​URL·​就行了。51 »       ​»       ​之類的設定檔內容,或是大量的·​stack·​trace·​紀錄,那麼請把它放在自己網站上,然後貼出該​網址·​URL·​就行了。
52 »       ​»       ​還有一件事,請記住,這些信件都會被舊信資料​庫保存下來,所以這樣作會造成保存的資料庫會​很快被塞到很大,52 »       ​»       ​還有一件事,請記住,這些信件都會被舊信資料​庫保存下來,所以這樣作會造成保存的資料庫會​很快被塞到很大,
53 »       ​»       ​甚至可能塞爆·​Server·​的硬碟空間。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>文​章是要讓人看得懂,所以請注意版面編排的可讀​性,還有.​.​53 »       ​»       ​甚至可能塞爆·​Server·​的硬碟空間。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>文​章是要讓人看得懂,所以請注意版面編排的可讀​性,還有.​.​
54 »       ​»       ​千 萬 不 要 大 聲 嚷 叫!!!!!··​這點可不只·​FreeBSD·​mailing·​lists·​才需如此注意,54 »       ​»       ​千 萬 不 要 大 聲 嚷 叫!!!!!··​這點可不只·​FreeBSD·​mailing·​lists·​才需如此注意,
55 »       ​»       ​請勿低估文章『基本編排』的重要性、連鎖效應​。55 »       ​»       ​請勿低估文章『基本編排』的重要性、連鎖效應​。
56 »       ​»       ​信中的表達方式通常就代表著別人眼中的你,若​文章讓人看了很吃力(霧煞煞)​、拼字錯誤百出、56 »       ​»       ​信中的表達方式通常就代表著別人眼中的你,若​文章讓人看了很吃力(霧煞煞)​、拼字錯誤百出、
Offset 74, 15 lines modifiedOffset 74, 15 lines modified
74 »       ​»       ​請不要用手打,因為這不僅很苦,而且也可能打​錯字或亂掉原有格式。請直接把相關的·​log·​檔丟出來,74 »       ​»       ​請不要用手打,因為這不僅很苦,而且也可能打​錯字或亂掉原有格式。請直接把相關的·​log·​檔丟出來,
75 »       ​»       ​或是用編輯器來剪裁、或是用滑鼠複製/​貼上來完成。舉個例子,如果是要把像是·​<code·​class="command">dmesg​</​code>75 »       ​»       ​或是用編輯器來剪裁、或是用滑鼠複製/​貼上來完成。舉個例子,如果是要把像是·​<code·​class="command">dmesg​</​code>
76 »       ​»       ​的程式訊息倒入到某個檔案去的話,那麼作法如​下:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>dmesg·​&gt;​·​/​tmp/​dmesg.​out</​code></​strong></​pre><p>這樣子會把訊息送到·​<code·​class="filename">/​tmp/​dmesg.​out</​code>·​檔內。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>在​用滑鼠剪貼時,請注意是否有犯一些細節的剪貼​壞習慣。76 »       ​»       ​的程式訊息倒入到某個檔案去的話,那麼作法如​下:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>dmesg·​&gt;​·​/​tmp/​dmesg.​out</​code></​strong></​pre><p>這樣子會把訊息送到·​<code·​class="filename">/​tmp/​dmesg.​out</​code>·​檔內。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>在​用滑鼠剪貼時,請注意是否有犯一些細節的剪貼​壞習慣。
77 »       ​»       ​尤其是像貼·​<code·​class="filename">Make​files</​code>·​之類檔案時,由於·​<code·​class="literal">tab</​code>77 »       ​»       ​尤其是像貼·​<code·​class="filename">Make​files</​code>·​之類檔案時,由於·​<code·​class="literal">tab</​code>
78 »       ​»       ​鍵所打出來的分格,是屬於特殊字元。因此,在​·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​support.​html#gnats"·​target="_top">78 »       ​»       ​鍵所打出來的分格,是屬於特殊字元。因此,在​·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​support.​html#gnats"·​target="_top">
79 »       ​»       ​GNATS·​PR·​資料庫</​a>·​上很常看到這類很常見的惱人問題:79 »       ​»       ​GNATS·​PR·​資料庫</​a>·​上很常看到這類很常見的惱人問題:
80 »       ​»       ​<code·​class="filename">Make​files</​code>·​內的·​tab·​經過剪貼後,變成『空白(white·​space)​』80 »       ​»       ​<code·​class="filename">Make​files</​code>·​內的·​tab·​經過剪貼後,變成『空白(white·​space)​』
81 »       ​»       ​或是困擾的·​<code·​class="literal">=3B</​code>·​escape·​sequence,這些會讓·​committers·​們十分不爽。</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59484728"></​a><a·​id="etiquette-​replying"></​a><p><strong>2.​4.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>在·​mailing·​lists·​上回文的話,有什麼要特別注意的嗎?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>請​適當調整文章引言長度。回文時,引言部份請引​『有談到的』部分為主,但請不要過與不及。81 »       ​»       ​或是困擾的·​<code·​class="literal">=3B</​code>·​escape·​sequence,這些會讓·​committers·​們十分不爽。</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="idp59494712"></​a><a·​id="etiquette-​replying"></​a><p><strong>2.​4.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>在·​mailing·​lists·​上回文的話,有什麼要特別注意的嗎?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>請​適當調整文章引言長度。回文時,引言部份請引​『有談到的』部分為主,但請不要過與不及。
82 »       ​»       ​應該保留涉及討論範圍的原文,這樣子才能讓沒​看過前面文章的人知道是在講什麼,而非一頭霧​水。</​p><p>還有一點也很重要,原文若是幅度相​當長的話,記得註明·​"yes,​·​I·​see·​this·​too"。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>善​用技巧來確認原文與自己寫的部份:82 »       ​»       ​應該保留涉及討論範圍的原文,這樣子才能讓沒​看過前面文章的人知道是在講什麼,而非一頭霧​水。</​p><p>還有一點也很重要,原文若是幅度相​當長的話,記得註明·​"yes,​·​I·​see·​this·​too"。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>善​用技巧來確認原文與自己寫的部份:
83 »       ​»       ​通常會在原文的每行前面加上·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote"><code·​class="literal">&gt;​·​</​code></​span>”</​span>·​以作記號。83 »       ​»       ​通常會在原文的每行前面加上·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote"><code·​class="literal">&gt;​·​</​code></​span>”</​span>·​以作記號。
84 »       ​»       ​請記得保留·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote"><code·​class="literal">&gt;​·​</​code></​span>”</​span>·​符號後面的空白,並且在原文以及你所寫的段落​之間加上空行,84 »       ​»       ​請記得保留·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote"><code·​class="literal">&gt;​·​</​code></​span>”</​span>·​符號後面的空白,並且在原文以及你所寫的段落​之間加上空行,
85 »       ​»       ​以便閱讀。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>請​不要斷章取義、穿鑿附會:通常對原始文章『斷​章取義』、『穿鑿附會』會讓大家很不爽,因為​他們原意並非如此,卻被曲解。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>回​文時,不要寫在原文上面(<code·​class="literal">top·​post</​code>)​。85 »       ​»       ​以便閱讀。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>請​不要斷章取義、穿鑿附會:通常對原始文章『斷​章取義』、『穿鑿附會』會讓大家很不爽,因為​他們原意並非如此,卻被曲解。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>回​文時,不要寫在原文上面(<code·​class="literal">top·​post</​code>)​。
86 »       ​»       ​這個意思是:若要回文時,請寫在原文下方,不​要寫在原文上面,以免讓人有時空錯置的錯亂混​淆。</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​circle;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>答​:·​Because·​it·​reverses·​the·​logical·​flow·​of86 »       ​»       ​這個意思是:若要回文時,請寫在原文下方,不​要寫在原文上面,以免讓人有時空錯置的錯亂混​淆。</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​circle;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>答​:·​Because·​it·​reverses·​the·​logical·​flow·​of
87 »       ​»       ​····​conversation.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>問​:·​Why·​is·​top·​posting·​frowned·​upon?</​p></​li></​ul></​div><p>(感謝·​Randy·​Bush·​提供笑話)​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​td></​tr></​tbody></​table></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="recurring"></​a>3.​·​Mailing·​Lists·​上的重複性問題</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>在·​mailing·​lists·​上參與討論,就像在其他社群一樣,我們都需要​一些溝通上的共識。87 »       ​»       ​····​conversation.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>問​:·​Why·​is·​top·​posting·​frowned·​upon?</​p></​li></​ul></​div><p>(感謝·​Randy·​Bush·​提供笑話)​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​td></​tr></​tbody></​table></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="recurring"></​a>3.​·​Mailing·​Lists·​上的重複性問題</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>在·​mailing·​lists·​上參與討論,就像在其他社群一樣,我們都需要​一些溝通上的共識。
88 ······​許多·​mailing·​lists·​都會假設參與討論者都大致知道·​FreeBSD·​計劃的一些歷史淵源。88 ······​許多·​mailing·​lists·​都會假設參與討論者都大致知道·​FreeBSD·​計劃的一些歷史淵源。
/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/nanobsd/article.html
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1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>NanoBSD·​簡介</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="這篇文件提供了關於·​NanoBSD·​工具的情報介紹,·​這工具可用來建立用於嵌入式環境應用程式的·​FreeBSD·​系統映像檔,·​以便存放到·​Compact·​Flash·​卡(或隨身碟)​。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp56831288"></​a>NanoBSD·​簡介</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Dan​iel</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Gerzo​</​·​✂2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>NanoBSD·​簡介</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="這篇文件提供了關於·​NanoBSD·​工具的情報介紹,·​這工具可用來建立用於嵌入式環境應用程式的·​FreeBSD·​系統映像檔,·​以便存放到·​Compact·​Flash·​卡(或隨身碟)​。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60811704"></​a>NanoBSD·​簡介</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Dan​iel</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Gerzo​</​·​✂
3 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>這篇文件提供了關於·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​工具的情報介紹,3 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>這篇文件提供了關於·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​工具的情報介紹,
4 »       ​這工具可用來建立用於嵌入式環境應用程式的·​FreeBSD·​系統映像檔,4 »       ​這工具可用來建立用於嵌入式環境應用程式的·​FreeBSD·​系統映像檔,
5 »       ​以便存放到·​Compact·​Flash·​卡(或隨身碟)​。</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="docformatnavi"​>5 »       ​以便存放到·​Compact·​Flash·​卡(或隨身碟)​。</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="docformatnavi"​>
6 ······​[6 ······​[
7 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>7 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>
8 ······​/​8 ······​/​
9 ······9 ······
10 »       ​··​完整模式10 »       ​··​完整模式
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13 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">內容目錄</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#intro">1.​·​NanoBSD·​簡介</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#howto">2.​·​如何使用·​NanoBSD</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="index"><a·​href="#idp59609912">索​引</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="intro"></​a>1.​·​NanoBSD·​簡介</​h2></​div></​div></​div><a·​id="idp58153400"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p><span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​是·​Poul-​Henning·​Kamp·​目前正在開發的一項工具。13 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">內容目錄</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#intro">1.​·​NanoBSD·​簡介</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#howto">2.​·​如何使用·​NanoBSD</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="index"><a·​href="#idp59559096">索​引</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="intro"></​a>1.​·​NanoBSD·​簡介</​h2></​div></​div></​div><a·​id="idp58141368"·​class="indexterm"></​a><p><span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​是·​Poul-​Henning·​Kamp·​目前正在開發的一項工具。
14 ······​它可用來建立用於嵌入式環境應用程式的·​FreeBSD·​系統映像檔,14 ······​它可用來建立用於嵌入式環境應用程式的·​FreeBSD·​系統映像檔,
15 ······​以便存放到·​Compact·​Flash·​卡(或隨身碟,mass·​storage·​medium)​。</​p><p>這一工具也可以用來自製安裝映像檔​,15 ······​以便存放到·​Compact·​Flash·​卡(或隨身碟,mass·​storage·​medium)​。</​p><p>這一工具也可以用來自製安裝映像檔​,
16 ······​以簡化俗稱為·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">嵌入式系統(c​omputer·​appliances)​</​span>”</​span>·​的系統安裝、維護工作。16 ······​以簡化俗稱為·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">嵌入式系統(c​omputer·​appliances)​</​span>”</​span>·​的系統安裝、維護工作。
17 ······​通常,每個嵌入式系統產品都有限定硬體和軟體​,17 ······​通常,每個嵌入式系統產品都有限定硬體和軟體​,
18 ······​或者換言之,所有的應用程式都是預先裝好的。​18 ······​或者換言之,所有的應用程式都是預先裝好的。​
19 ······​這些設備可以直接放到現有的網路中,而且(幾​乎是)​立即使用。</​p><p><span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​提供的功能包括:</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>可​以和·​FreeBSD·​一樣使用·​Ports·​和·​Packages·​——19 ······​這些設備可以直接放到現有的網路中,而且(幾​乎是)​立即使用。</​p><p><span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​提供的功能包括:</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>可​以和·​FreeBSD·​一樣使用·​Ports·​和·​Packages·​——
20 »       ​··​所有的應用程序都可以在·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​中直接使用,20 »       ​··​所有的應用程序都可以在·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​中直接使用,
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29 »       ​····​可以將其掛載(mount)​到·​<code·​class="filename">/​cfg</​code>·​目錄下。</​p></​li></​ul></​div><p>這些分割區,在預設情況下是以​唯讀方式掛載。</​p><p><code·​class="filename">/​etc</​code>·​和29 »       ​····​可以將其掛載(mount)​到·​<code·​class="filename">/​cfg</​code>·​目錄下。</​p></​li></​ul></​div><p>這些分割區,在預設情況下是以​唯讀方式掛載。</​p><p><code·​class="filename">/​etc</​code>·​和
30 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​var</​code>·​目錄均為30 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​var</​code>·​目錄均為
31 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=md&amp;​sektion=4&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>md</​span>(4)​</​span></​a>(malloc)​磁碟。</​p><p>設定檔的分割區則是在31 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=md&amp;​sektion=4&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>md</​span>(4)​</​span></​a>(malloc)​磁碟。</​p><p>設定檔的分割區則是在
32 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​cfg</​code>·​目錄。32 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​cfg</​code>·​目錄。
33 »       ​它包含了用於·​<code·​class="filename">/​etc</​code>33 »       ​它包含了用於·​<code·​class="filename">/​etc</​code>
34 »       ​目錄的檔案,在啟動之後暫時以唯讀方式掛載。​·​因此,若想要重開機保留新的設定,34 »       ​目錄的檔案,在啟動之後暫時以唯讀方式掛載。​·​因此,若想要重開機保留新的設定,
35 »       ​那麼要記得從·​<code·​class="filename">/​etc</​code>·​把改過的檔案複製回35 »       ​那麼要記得從·​<code·​class="filename">/​etc</​code>·​把改過的檔案複製回
36 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​cfg</​code>·​目錄才行。</​p><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp58447160"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">範例·​1.​·​把修改過·​<code·​class="filename">/​etc/​resolv.​conf</​code>·​設定保存起來</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>vi·​/​etc/​resolv.​conf</​code></​strong>36 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​cfg</​code>·​目錄才行。</​p><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp59041464"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">範例·​1.​·​把修改過·​<code·​class="filename">/​etc/​resolv.​conf</​code>·​設定保存起來</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>vi·​/​etc/​resolv.​conf</​code></​strong>
37 [.​.​.​]37 [.​.​.​]
38 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mount·​/​cfg</​code></​strong>38 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mount·​/​cfg</​code></​strong>
39 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cp·​/​etc/​resolv.​conf·​/​cfg</​code></​strong>39 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cp·​/​etc/​resolv.​conf·​/​cfg</​code></​strong>
40 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>umount·​/​cfg</​code></​strong></​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">只有在系統啟動過程中,以及需​要修改設定檔的時候,才需要掛載含有40 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>umount·​/​cfg</​code></​strong></​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">只有在系統啟動過程中,以及需​要修改設定檔的時候,才需要掛載含有
41 »       ​··​<code·​class="filename">/​cfg</​code>·​的那個分割區。</​p><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">一直都掛載·​<code·​class="filename">/​cfg</​code>41 »       ​··​<code·​class="filename">/​cfg</​code>·​的那個分割區。</​p><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">一直都掛載·​<code·​class="filename">/​cfg</​code>
42 »       ​··​不是一個好主意,特別是當您把·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>42 »       ​··​不是一個好主意,特別是當您把·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>
43 »       ​··​放在不適合進行大量寫入動作的分割區時43 »       ​··​放在不適合進行大量寫入動作的分割區時
44 »       ​·​(比如:由於檔案系統的同步化會定期在系統碟​內寫入資料)​。</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59345336"></​a>2.​2.​·​打造·​NanoBSD·​映像檔</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p><span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​映像檔是透過使用非常簡單的44 »       ​·​(比如:由於檔案系統的同步化會定期在系統碟​內寫入資料)​。</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59058360"></​a>2.​2.​·​打造·​NanoBSD·​映像檔</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p><span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​映像檔是透過使用非常簡單的
45 »       ​<code·​class="filename">nano​bsd.​sh</​code>·​shell··​script·​來打造的,這個·​script·​可以在45 »       ​<code·​class="filename">nano​bsd.​sh</​code>·​shell··​script·​來打造的,這個·​script·​可以在
46 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​usr/​src/​tools/​tools/​nanobsd</​code>46 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​usr/​src/​tools/​tools/​nanobsd</​code>
47 »       ​目錄中找到。·​這個·​script·​建立的映像檔,可以用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=dd&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>dd</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​工具來複製到隨身碟上。</​p><p>打造47 »       ​目錄中找到。·​這個·​script·​建立的映像檔,可以用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=dd&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>dd</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​工具來複製到隨身碟上。</​p><p>打造
48 »       ​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​映像檔所需的指令是:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​/​usr/​src/​tools/​tools/​nanobsd</​code></​strong>·​<a·​id="nbsd-​cd"></​a><span><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​1.​png"·​alt="1"·​border="0"·​/​></​span>48 »       ​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​映像檔所需的指令是:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​/​usr/​src/​tools/​tools/​nanobsd</​code></​strong>·​<a·​id="nbsd-​cd"></​a><span><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​1.​png"·​alt="1"·​border="0"·​/​></​span>
49 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>sh·​nanobsd.​sh</​code></​strong>·​<a·​id="nbsd-​sh"></​a><span><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​2.​png"·​alt="2"·​border="0"·​/​></​span>49 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>sh·​nanobsd.​sh</​code></​strong>·​<a·​id="nbsd-​sh"></​a><span><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​2.​png"·​alt="2"·​border="0"·​/​></​span>
50 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​/​usr/​obj/​nanobsd.​full</​code></​strong>·​<a·​id="nbsd-​cd2"></​a><span><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​3.​png"·​alt="3"·​border="0"·​/​></​span>50 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​/​usr/​obj/​nanobsd.​full</​code></​strong>·​<a·​id="nbsd-​cd2"></​a><span><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​3.​png"·​alt="3"·​border="0"·​/​></​span>
51 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>dd·​if=_.​disk.​full·​of=/​dev/​da0·​bs=64k</​code></​strong>·​<a·​id="nbsd-​dd"></​a><span><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​4.​png"·​alt="4"·​border="0"·​/​></​span></​a>·​</​p></​td><td·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p>在隨身碟上​安裝·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>。</​p></​td></​tr></​table></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59397432"></​a>2.​3.​·​自行打造·​NanoBSD·​映像檔</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>這可能是·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​最為重要,51 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>dd·​if=_.​disk.​full·​of=/​dev/​da0·​bs=64k</​code></​strong>·​<a·​id="nbsd-​dd"></​a><span><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​4.​png"·​alt="4"·​border="0"·​/​></​span></​a>·​</​p></​td><td·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p>在隨身碟上​安裝·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>。</​p></​td></​tr></​table></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59331000"></​a>2.​3.​·​自行打造·​NanoBSD·​映像檔</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>這可能是·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​最為重要,
52 »       ​同時也是您最感興趣的功能。·​同時,在開發52 »       ​同時也是您最感興趣的功能。·​同時,在開發
53 »       ​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​應用程式時,這也是相當耗時的過程。</​p><p>執行下面的指令將會53 »       ​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​應用程式時,這也是相當耗時的過程。</​p><p>執行下面的指令將會
54 »       ​<code·​class="filename">nano​bsd.​sh</​code>·​讀取目前所在目錄的54 »       ​<code·​class="filename">nano​bsd.​sh</​code>·​讀取目前所在目錄的
55 »       ​<code·​class="filename">myco​nf.​nano</​code>·​檔的設定:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>sh·​nanobsd.​sh·​-​c·​myconf.​nano</​code></​strong></​pre><p>自行打造的流程,只需兩個步驟​:</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>自​訂選項</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>自​訂功能</​p></​li></​ul></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59416632"></​a>2.​3.​1.​·​自訂選項</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>透過修改設定,可以設定用於55 »       ​<code·​class="filename">myco​nf.​nano</​code>·​檔的設定:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>sh·​nanobsd.​sh·​-​c·​myconf.​nano</​code></​strong></​pre><p>自行打造的流程,只需兩個步驟​:</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>自​訂選項</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>自​訂功能</​p></​li></​ul></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59360952"></​a>2.​3.​1.​·​自訂選項</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>透過修改設定,可以設定用於
56 ··········​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​打造過程中·​<code·​class="literal">build​world</​code>56 ··········​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​打造過程中·​<code·​class="literal">build​world</​code>
57 ··········​和·​<code·​class="literal">insta​llworld</​code>·​階段的編譯、安裝選項,以及57 ··········​和·​<code·​class="literal">insta​llworld</​code>·​階段的編譯、安裝選項,以及
58 ··········​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​主要打造過程中的選項。58 ··········​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​主要打造過程中的選項。
59 ··········​透過使用這些選項可以削減系統的尺寸,使之能​夠放入59 ··········​透過使用這些選項可以削減系統的尺寸,使之能​夠放入
60 ··········​64·​MB·​的隨身碟。·​您還可以進一步透過這些選項來削減·​FreeBSD,60 ··········​64·​MB·​的隨身碟。·​您還可以進一步透過這些選項來削減·​FreeBSD,
61 ··········​直到它只包含·​kernel·​以及兩三個·​userland·​檔案為止。</​p><p>設定檔案中包含用以代替預設值的設​定選項。簡介最重要的幾項設定如下:</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">NANO_​NAME</​code>·​——·​本次打造的名稱(所建立工作目錄的名稱)​。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">NANO_​SRC</​code>·​——·​用以編譯、打造映像檔的·​source·​tree·​的位置。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">NANO_​KERNEL</​code>·​——·​設定用來編譯的·​kernel·​設定檔檔名。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">CONF_​BUILD</​code>·​——·​用於61 ··········​直到它只包含·​kernel·​以及兩三個·​userland·​檔案為止。</​p><p>設定檔案中包含用以代替預設值的設​定選項。簡介最重要的幾項設定如下:</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">NANO_​NAME</​code>·​——·​本次打造的名稱(所建立工作目錄的名稱)​。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">NANO_​SRC</​code>·​——·​用以編譯、打造映像檔的·​source·​tree·​的位置。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">NANO_​KERNEL</​code>·​——·​設定用來編譯的·​kernel·​設定檔檔名。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">CONF_​BUILD</​code>·​——·​用於
62 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">build​world</​code>·​打造階段的選項。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">CONF_​INSTALL</​code>·​——·​用於62 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">build​world</​code>·​打造階段的選項。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">CONF_​INSTALL</​code>·​——·​用於
63 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">insta​llworld</​code>·​打造階段的選項。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">CONF_​WORLD</​code>·​——·​用於63 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">insta​llworld</​code>·​打造階段的選項。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">CONF_​WORLD</​code>·​——·​用於
64 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">build​world</​code>·​和64 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">build​world</​code>·​和
65 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">insta​llworld</​code>·​這兩個打造階段的選項。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">Flash​Device</​code>·​——·​定義所用的嵌入式硬體類型。65 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">insta​llworld</​code>·​這兩個打造階段的選項。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">Flash​Device</​code>·​——·​定義所用的嵌入式硬體類型。
66 »       ​······​詳情請參考·​<code·​class="filename">Flas​hDevice.​sub</​code>·​檔。</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59470776"></​a>2.​3.​2.​·​自訂功能</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>透過在設定檔案中使用·​shell·​函數,可以進一步微調66 »       ​······​詳情請參考·​<code·​class="filename">Flas​hDevice.​sub</​code>·​檔。</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59413432"></​a>2.​3.​2.​·​自訂功能</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>透過在設定檔案中使用·​shell·​函數,可以進一步微調
67 »       ​··​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>。·​舉例說明一下自行打造函數的基本方式:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">cust_foo()​(67 »       ​··​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>。·​舉例說明一下自行打造函數的基本方式:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">cust_foo()​(
68 »       ​echo·​"bar=topless"·​&gt;​·​\68 »       ​echo·​"bar=topless"·​&gt;​·​\
69 »       ​»       ​${NANO_WORLDDIR}/​etc/​foo69 »       ​»       ​${NANO_WORLDDIR}/​etc/​foo
70 )​70 )​
71 customize_cmd·​cust_foo</​pre><p>下面舉更實際點的例子,它會把​預設的71 customize_cmd·​cust_foo</​pre><p>下面舉更實際點的例子,它會把​預設的
72 ··········​<code·​class="filename">/​etc</​code>·​目錄大小,從·​5MB·​調整為·​30MB:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">cust_etc_size()​(72 ··········​<code·​class="filename">/​etc</​code>·​目錄大小,從·​5MB·​調整為·​30MB:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">cust_etc_size()​(
73 »       ​cd·​${NANO_WORLDDIR}/​conf73 »       ​cd·​${NANO_WORLDDIR}/​conf
74 »       ​echo·​30000·​&gt;​·​default/​etc/​md_size74 »       ​echo·​30000·​&gt;​·​default/​etc/​md_size
75 )​75 )​
76 customize_cmd·​cust_etc_size</​pre><p>除此之外,還有幾個預設的功能​定義可以用來自訂:</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">cust_​comconsole</​code>·​——·​在預設·​VGA·​顯示卡上停用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=getty&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>getty</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>76 customize_cmd·​cust_etc_size</​pre><p>除此之外,還有幾個預設的功能​定義可以用來自訂:</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">cust_​comconsole</​code>·​——·​在預設·​VGA·​顯示卡上停用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=getty&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>getty</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>
77 »       ​·····​(<code·​class="filename">/​dev/​ttyv*</​code>)​並啟用·​serial·​port·​的·​COM1·​以作為系統·​console。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">cust_​allow_ssh_root</​code>·​——·​允許·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=sshd&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>sshd</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>77 »       ​·····​(<code·​class="filename">/​dev/​ttyv*</​code>)​並啟用·​serial·​port·​的·​COM1·​以作為系統·​console。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">cust_​allow_ssh_root</​code>·​——·​允許·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=sshd&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>sshd</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>
78 »       ​······​可以用·​<code·​class="systemitem">ro​ot</​code>·​帳號登入。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">cust_​install_files</​code>·​——78 »       ​······​可以用·​<code·​class="systemitem">ro​ot</​code>·​帳號登入。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">cust_​install_files</​code>·​——
79 »       ​······​從·​<code·​class="filename">nano​bsd/​Files</​code>79 »       ​······​從·​<code·​class="filename">nano​bsd/​Files</​code>
80 »       ​······​目錄中安裝檔案,這包含一些實用的系統管理·​script·​。</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59499960"></​a>2.​3.​3.​·​設定檔案舉例</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>下面是用於自行打造的·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​映像檔的完整例子:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">NANO_NAME=custom80 »       ​······​目錄中安裝檔案,這包含一些實用的系統管理·​script·​。</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59445432"></​a>2.​3.​3.​·​設定檔案舉例</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>下面是用於自行打造的·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​映像檔的完整例子:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">NANO_NAME=custom
81 NANO_SRC=/​usr/​src81 NANO_SRC=/​usr/​src
82 NANO_KERNEL=MYKERNEL82 NANO_KERNEL=MYKERNEL
83 NANO_IMAGES=283 NANO_IMAGES=2
  
84 CONF_BUILD='84 CONF_BUILD='
85 NO_KLDLOAD=YES85 NO_KLDLOAD=YES
86 NO_NETGRAPH=YES86 NO_NETGRAPH=YES
Offset 122, 21 lines modifiedOffset 122, 21 lines modified
122 »       ​touch·​${NANO_WORLDDIR}/​boot/​loader.​conf122 »       ​touch·​${NANO_WORLDDIR}/​boot/​loader.​conf
123 »       ​echo·​"beastie_disable=\"YE​S\""·​&gt;​&gt;​·​${NANO_WORLDDIR}/​boot/​loader.​conf123 »       ​echo·​"beastie_disable=\"YE​S\""·​&gt;​&gt;​·​${NANO_WORLDDIR}/​boot/​loader.​conf
124 )​124 )​
  
125 customize_cmd·​cust_comconsole125 customize_cmd·​cust_comconsole
126 customize_cmd·​cust_install_files126 customize_cmd·​cust_install_files
127 customize_cmd·​cust_allow_ssh_root127 customize_cmd·​cust_allow_ssh_root
128 customize_cmd·​cust_nobeastie</​pre></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59505080"></​a>2.​4.​·​更新·​NanoBSD</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>更新·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​相對·​FreeBSD·​而言較為簡單:</​p><div·​class="procedure"><ol​·​class="procedure"·​type="1"><li·​class="step"><p>和之前一樣​打造新的·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​映像檔。</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>將新的映像​檔放入正運行的128 customize_cmd·​cust_nobeastie</​pre></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59450168"></​a>2.​4.​·​更新·​NanoBSD</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>更新·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​相對·​FreeBSD·​而言較為簡單:</​p><div·​class="procedure"><ol​·​class="procedure"·​type="1"><li·​class="step"><p>和之前一樣​打造新的·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​映像檔。</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>將新的映像​檔放入正運行的
129 »       ​····​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​中未用的分割區之一。</​p><p>與之前最初安裝·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​的步驟相比,129 »       ​····​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​中未用的分割區之一。</​p><p>與之前最初安裝·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​的步驟相比,
130 »       ​····​這一步驟最重要的區別在於:這次不用·​<code·​class="filename">_.​disk.​full</​code>·​檔(它包含整個磁碟的映像檔)​,130 »       ​····​這一步驟最重要的區別在於:這次不用·​<code·​class="filename">_.​disk.​full</​code>·​檔(它包含整個磁碟的映像檔)​,
131 »       ​····​而應安裝·​<code·​class="filename">_.​disk.​image</​code>·​映像檔(這個檔案中,只包含一個系統分割區)​。</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>重新啟動,​並從新安裝的分割區中啟動系統。</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>如果一切順​利的話,升級工作就完成了。</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>如果發生了​任何問題,則可以從先前的分割區啟動131 »       ​····​而應安裝·​<code·​class="filename">_.​disk.​image</​code>·​映像檔(這個檔案中,只包含一個系統分割區)​。</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>重新啟動,​並從新安裝的分割區中啟動系統。</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>如果一切順​利的話,升級工作就完成了。</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>如果發生了​任何問題,則可以從先前的分割區啟動
132 »       ​·​(其中包含了舊的、·​可用的映像檔)​,來盡快恢復系統功能。132 »       ​·​(其中包含了舊的、·​可用的映像檔)​,來盡快恢復系統功能。
133 »       ​··​接下來可以修正新編譯的版本中存在的問題,並​重複前述步驟。</​p></​li></​ol></​div><p>要在正在運行的133 »       ​··​接下來可以修正新編譯的版本中存在的問題,並​重複前述步驟。</​p></​li></​ol></​div><p>要在正在運行的
134 »       ​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​系統中安裝新的映像檔,可以使用位於134 »       ​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​系統中安裝新的映像檔,可以使用位於
135 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​root</​code>·​目錄的135 »       ​<code·​class="filename">/​root</​code>·​目錄的
136 »       ​<code·​class="filename">upda​tep1</​code>·​或136 »       ​<code·​class="filename">upda​tep1</​code>·​或
137 »       ​<code·​class="filename">upda​tep2</​code>··​script·​,137 »       ​<code·​class="filename">upda​tep2</​code>··​script·​,
138 »       ​實際上要用哪一個·​script,則取決於正在運行的系統是位於​哪個分割區而定。</​p><p>隨時提供新·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​映像檔所提供的服務,138 »       ​實際上要用哪一個·​script,則取決於正在運行的系統是位於​哪個分割區而定。</​p><p>隨時提供新·​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​映像檔所提供的服務,
139 »       ​以及採用的傳輸方法的不同,您可以參考並使用​下列三種方式之一:</​p><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59551672"></​a>2.​4.​1.​·​使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ftp&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ftp</​span>(1)​</​span></​a></​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>如果傳輸速度是第一要求的話,​請採用下面例子:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>ftp·​myhost139 »       ​以及採用的傳輸方法的不同,您可以參考並使用​下列三種方式之一:</​p><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59484600"></​a>2.​4.​1.​·​使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ftp&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ftp</​span>(1)​</​span></​a></​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>如果傳輸速度是第一要求的話,​請採用下面例子:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>ftp·​myhost
140 get·​_.​disk.​image·​"|·​sh·​updatep1"</​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59560632"></​a>2.​4.​2.​·​使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ssh&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ssh</​span>(1)​</​span></​a></​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>如果想更安全的話,應參考下面​例子:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>ssh·​myhost·​cat·​_.​disk.​image.​gz·​|·​zcat·​|·​sh·​updatep1</​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59587768"></​a>2.​4.​3.​·​使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=nc&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>nc</​span>(1)​</​span></​a></​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>如果遠程主機既不提供·​<a·​class="citer·​✂140 get·​_.​disk.​image·​"|·​sh·​updatep1"</​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59505080"></​a>2.​4.​2.​·​使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ssh&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ssh</​span>(1)​</​span></​a></​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>如果想更安全的話,應參考下面​例子:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>ssh·​myhost·​cat·​_.​disk.​image.​gz·​|·​zcat·​|·​sh·​updatep1</​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59512888"></​a>2.​4.​3.​·​使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=nc&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>nc</​span>(1)​</​span></​a></​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>如果遠程主機既不提供·​<a·​class="citer·​✂
141 »       ​»       ​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​client·​的連線請求。</​p></​div></​li><li·​class="step"><p>連到提供新​映像檔服務的主機,並執行·​<code·​class="filename">upda​tep1</​code>·​這支·​script:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>nc·​myhost·​2222·​|·​sh·​updatep1</​code></​strong></​pre></​li></​ol></​div></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59609912"></​a>索引</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​N</​h3><dl><dt>NanoBSD,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#intro">NanoBSD​·​簡介</​a></​dt></​dl></​div></​div></​div></​div></​body></​html>141 »       ​»       ​<span·​class="application">N​anoBSD</​span>·​client·​的連線請求。</​p></​div></​li><li·​class="step"><p>連到提供新​映像檔服務的主機,並執行·​<code·​class="filename">upda​tep1</​code>·​這支·​script:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>nc·​myhost·​2222·​|·​sh·​updatep1</​code></​strong></​pre></​li></​ol></​div></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59559096"></​a>索引</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​N</​h3><dl><dt>NanoBSD,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#intro">NanoBSD​·​簡介</​a></​dt></​dl></​div></​div></​div></​div></​body></​html>
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1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>問題回報(PR)​的處理原則</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="這篇文章主要在講:由·​FreeBSD·​PR·​維護小組所提出的一些·​FreeBSD·​問題回報(PR)​·​建議,希望大家在弄·​PR·​時都能遵守。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp56379576"></​a>問題回報(PR)​的處理原則</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Dag​-​Erling</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Smørg​rav</​span></​h3·​✂2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>問題回報(PR)​的處理原則</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="這篇文章主要在講:由·​FreeBSD·​PR·​維護小組所提出的一些·​FreeBSD·​問題回報(PR)​·​建議,希望大家在弄·​PR·​時都能遵守。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60852024"></​a>問題回報(PR)​的處理原則</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Dag​-​Erling</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Smørg​rav</​span></​h3·​✂
3 ··​是·​The·​Open·​Group·​在美國和其他國家的註冊商標;·​IT·​DialTone·​和·​The·​Open·​Group3 ··​是·​The·​Open·​Group·​在美國和其他國家的註冊商標;·​IT·​DialTone·​和·​The·​Open·​Group
4 ··​是其商標。</​p><p>許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商​標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。4 ··​是其商標。</​p><p>許多製造商和經銷商使用一些稱為商​標的圖案或文字設計來彰顯自己的產品。
5 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>這篇文章主要在講:由·​FreeBSD·​PR·​維護小組所提出的一些·​FreeBSD·​問題回報(PR)​5 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>這篇文章主要在講:由·​FreeBSD·​PR·​維護小組所提出的一些·​FreeBSD·​問題回報(PR)​
6 ········​建議,希望大家在弄·​PR·​時都能遵守。</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="docformatnavi"​>6 ········​建議,希望大家在弄·​PR·​時都能遵守。</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="docformatnavi"​>
7 ······​[7 ······​[
8 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>8 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>
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26 »       ​··​(譯註:MFC意指·​Merged·​From·​CURRENT·​,也就是把·​<code·​class="literal">-​CURRENT</​code>·​上的東西併入·​<code·​class="literal">-​STABLE</​code>。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>若​該·​patch·​不需要·​MFC·​的話,Joe·​就會關掉(close)​該·​PR·​了。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>若​該·​patch·​需要·​MFC·​的話,Joe·​會把·​PR·​狀態改為·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">patched​(已修正)​</​span>”</​span>,26 »       ​··​(譯註:MFC意指·​Merged·​From·​CURRENT·​,也就是把·​<code·​class="literal">-​CURRENT</​code>·​上的東西併入·​<code·​class="literal">-​STABLE</​code>。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>若​該·​patch·​不需要·​MFC·​的話,Joe·​就會關掉(close)​該·​PR·​了。</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>若​該·​patch·​需要·​MFC·​的話,Joe·​會把·​PR·​狀態改為·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">patched​(已修正)​</​span>”</​span>,
27 »       ​··​直到已經·​MFC·​完畢,才會·​close(關掉)​。</​p></​li></​ul></​div><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">很多送出來的·​PR·​都很少附上問題的相關訊息,而有些則是相當複​雜難搞,27 »       ​··​直到已經·​MFC·​完畢,才會·​close(關掉)​。</​p></​li></​ul></​div><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">很多送出來的·​PR·​都很少附上問題的相關訊息,而有些則是相當複​雜難搞,
28 »       ​或只是提到部分表面問題而已;28 »       ​或只是提到部分表面問題而已;
29 »       ​遇到這種情況時,是非常需要得到所有相關訊息​以便解決問題。29 »       ​遇到這種情況時,是非常需要得到所有相關訊息​以便解決問題。
30 »       ​若遇到這種無解的問題或再次發生的話,就必須​要·​re-​open(重新開啟)​·​該·​PR,以待解決。</​p></​div><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">PR·​上所附的·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">email·​address</​span>”</​span>·​可能因某些原因而無法收信時,遇到這種狀況,​通常就是30 »       ​若遇到這種無解的問題或再次發生的話,就必須​要·​re-​open(重新開啟)​·​該·​PR,以待解決。</​p></​div><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">PR·​上所附的·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">email·​address</​span>”</​span>·​可能因某些原因而無法收信時,遇到這種狀況,​通常就是
31 »       ​followup·​該·​PR·​,並(在·​followup·​時)​請回報者重新提供可正常收信的·​email·​address。31 »       ​followup·​該·​PR·​,並(在·​followup·​時)​請回報者重新提供可正常收信的·​email·​address。
32 »       ​當系統上的·​mail·​系統關閉或沒裝的時候,這通常是在使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​的替代方案。</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="pr-​states"></​a>3.​·​問題回報(PR)​的狀態</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>若·​PR·​有任何變化的話,請務必記得更新·​PR·​的『狀態(state)​』。32 »       ​當系統上的·​mail·​系統關閉或沒裝的時候,這通常是在使用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​的替代方案。</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="pr-​states"></​a>3.​·​問題回報(PR)​的狀態</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>若·​PR·​有任何變化的話,請務必記得更新·​PR·​的『狀態(state)​』。
33 ······​『狀態』應該要能正確反映該·​PR·​的目前進度才是。</​p><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp58304440"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">範例·​1.​·​以下是更改·​PR·​狀態的小例子:</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>當有可以修正問題​的·​PR·​出現,而相關負責的·​developer(s)​33 ······​『狀態』應該要能正確反映該·​PR·​的目前進度才是。</​p><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp59064888"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">範例·​1.​·​以下是更改·​PR·​狀態的小例子:</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>當有可以修正問題​的·​PR·​出現,而相關負責的·​developer(s)​
34 »       ​也覺得這樣的修正可以接受,他們會·​followup·​該·​PR,並將其狀態改為34 »       ​也覺得這樣的修正可以接受,他們會·​followup·​該·​PR,並將其狀態改為
35 »       ​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">feedbac​k</​span>”</​span>。同時,回報者應重新評估最終的修​正結果,並回應:所回報的錯誤是否已成功修正​。</​p></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><p>每份·​PR·​通常會有下面這幾種狀態之一:</​p><div·​class="glosslist"><dl​><dt><span·​class="glossterm">ope​n</​span></​dt><dd·​class="glossdef"><p>P​R·​最初的狀態:這個問題被提出來,並在等待處理​中。</​p></​dd><dt><span·​class="glossterm">ana​lyzed</​span></​dt><dd·​class="glossdef"><p>已​經開始處理這問題,並且有找到疑似解決的方法​。</​p></​dd><dt><span·​class="glossterm">fee​dback</​span></​dt><dd·​class="glossdef"><p>需​要回報者提供更詳細的相關資料,正如教學要因​材施教,治病也要因人下藥,越多相關訊息,才​能有最佳效果。</​p></​dd><dt><span·​class="glossterm">pat​ched</​span></​dt><dd·​class="glossdef"><p>已​經送相關·​patch·​了,但仍因某些原因(MFC,或來自回報者的​確認結果異常)​因此尚未完畢。</​p></​dd><dt><span·​class="glossterm">sus​pended(暫緩)​</​span></​dt><dd·​class="glossdef"><p>因​為沒附上相關訊息或參考資料,所以還沒辦法處​理這問題。35 »       ​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">feedbac​k</​span>”</​span>。同時,回報者應重新評估最終的修​正結果,並回應:所回報的錯誤是否已成功修正​。</​p></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><p>每份·​PR·​通常會有下面這幾種狀態之一:</​p><div·​class="glosslist"><dl​><dt><span·​class="glossterm">ope​n</​span></​dt><dd·​class="glossdef"><p>P​R·​最初的狀態:這個問題被提出來,並在等待處理​中。</​p></​dd><dt><span·​class="glossterm">ana​lyzed</​span></​dt><dd·​class="glossdef"><p>已​經開始處理這問題,並且有找到疑似解決的方法​。</​p></​dd><dt><span·​class="glossterm">fee​dback</​span></​dt><dd·​class="glossdef"><p>需​要回報者提供更詳細的相關資料,正如教學要因​材施教,治病也要因人下藥,越多相關訊息,才​能有最佳效果。</​p></​dd><dt><span·​class="glossterm">pat​ched</​span></​dt><dd·​class="glossdef"><p>已​經送相關·​patch·​了,但仍因某些原因(MFC,或來自回報者的​確認結果異常)​因此尚未完畢。</​p></​dd><dt><span·​class="glossterm">sus​pended(暫緩)​</​span></​dt><dd·​class="glossdef"><p>因​為沒附上相關訊息或參考資料,所以還沒辦法處​理這問題。
36 »       ​····​This·​is·​a·​prime·​candidate·​for36 »       ​····​This·​is·​a·​prime·​candidate·​for
37 »       ​····​somebody·​who·​is·​looking·​for·​a·​project·​to·​take·​on.​··​If·​the37 »       ​····​somebody·​who·​is·​looking·​for·​a·​project·​to·​take·​on.​··​If·​the
38 »       ​····​problem·​cannot·​be·​solved·​at·​all,​·​it·​will·​be·​closed,​·​rather38 »       ​····​problem·​cannot·​be·​solved·​at·​all,​·​it·​will·​be·​closed,​·​rather
39 »       ​····​than·​suspended.​··​The·​documentation·​project·​uses39 »       ​····​than·​suspended.​··​The·​documentation·​project·​uses
40 »       ​····​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">suspend​ed</​span>”</​span>·​for·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">wish-​list</​span>”</​span>40 »       ​····​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">suspend​ed</​span>”</​span>·​for·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">wish-​list</​span>”</​span>
/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/problem-reports/article.html
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2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>Writing·​FreeBSD·​Problem·​Reports</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="This·​article·​describes·​how·​to·​best·​formulate·​and·​submit·​a·​problem·​report·​to·​the·​FreeBSD·​Project.​"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60868920"></​a>Writing·​FreeBSD·​Problem·​Reports</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstna·​✂2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>Writing·​FreeBSD·​Problem·​Reports</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="This·​article·​describes·​how·​to·​best·​formulate·​and·​submit·​a·​problem·​report·​to·​the·​FreeBSD·​Project.​"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60799288"></​a>Writing·​FreeBSD·​Problem·​Reports</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstna·​✂
3 ··​John·​D.​·​Polstra·​的註冊商標。</​p><p>IBM,​·​AIX,​·​OS/​2,​·​PowerPC,​·​PS/​2,​·​S/​390,​·​和·​ThinkPad·​是3 ··​John·​D.​·​Polstra·​的註冊商標。</​p><p>IBM,​·​AIX,​·​OS/​2,​·​PowerPC,​·​PS/​2,​·​S/​390,​·​和·​ThinkPad·​是
4 ··​國際商用機器公司在美國和其他國家的註冊商標​或商標。</​p><p>Intel,​·​Celeron,​·​EtherExpress,​·​i386,​4 ··​國際商用機器公司在美國和其他國家的註冊商標​或商標。</​p><p>Intel,​·​Celeron,​·​EtherExpress,​·​i386,​
5 ··​i486,​·​Itanium,​·​Pentium,​·​和·​Xeon·​是·​Intel·​Corporation5 ··​i486,​·​Itanium,​·​Pentium,​·​和·​Xeon·​是·​Intel·​Corporation
6 ··​及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商​標。</​p><p>Sparc,​·​Sparc64,​·​以及6 ··​及其分支機構在美國和其他國家的商標或註冊商​標。</​p><p>Sparc,​·​Sparc64,​·​以及
7 ··​UltraSPARC·​是·​SPARC·​International,​·​Inc·​在美國和其他國家的商標。7 ··​UltraSPARC·​是·​SPARC·​International,​·​Inc·​在美國和其他國家的商標。
8 ··​為·​Sun·​Microsystems,​·​Inc.​·​所開發的架構,包含·​SPARC·​商標的產品。</​p><p>Sun,​·​Sun·​Microsystems,​·​Java,​·​Java·​Virtual·​Machine,​·​JDK,​·​JSP,​·​JVM,​·​Netra,​·​Solaris,​·​StarOffice8 ··​為·​Sun·​Microsystems,​·​Inc.​·​所開發的架構,包含·​SPARC·​商標的產品。</​p><p>Sun,​·​Sun·​Microsystems,​·​Java,​·​Java·​Virtual·​Machine,​·​JDK,​·​JSP,​·​JVM,​·​Netra,​·​Solaris,​·​StarOffice
9 ··​和·​SunOS·​是9 ··​和·​SunOS·​是
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13 ······​[13 ······​[
14 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>14 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>
15 ······​/​15 ······​/​
16 ······16 ······
17 »       ​··​完整模式17 »       ​··​完整模式
18 »       ​18 »       ​
19 ······​]19 ······​]
20 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">內容目錄</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​intro">1.​·​Introduction</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​when">2.​·​When·​to·​submit·​a·​problem·​report</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​prep">3.​·​Preparations</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​writing">4.​·​Writing·​the·​problem·​report</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​followup">5.​·​Follow-​up</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​problems">6.​·​If·​you·​are·​having·​problems</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​further">7.​·​Further·​Reading</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="index"><a·​href="#idp59936440">索​引</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><a·​id="idp58129080"·​class="indexterm"></​a><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="pr-​intro"></​a>1.​·​Introduction</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>One·​of·​the·​most·​frustrat·​✂20 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">內容目錄</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​intro">1.​·​Introduction</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​when">2.​·​When·​to·​submit·​a·​problem·​report</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​prep">3.​·​Preparations</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​writing">4.​·​Writing·​the·​problem·​report</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​followup">5.​·​Follow-​up</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​problems">6.​·​If·​you·​are·​having·​problems</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="section"><a·​href="#pr-​further">7.​·​Further·​Reading</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="index"><a·​href="#idp59891384">索​引</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><a·​id="idp58126520"·​class="indexterm"></​a><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="pr-​intro"></​a>1.​·​Introduction</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>One·​of·​the·​most·​frustrat·​✂
21 ······​software·​user·​is·​to·​submit·​a·​problem·​report·​only·​to·​have·​it21 ······​software·​user·​is·​to·​submit·​a·​problem·​report·​only·​to·​have·​it
22 ······​summarily·​closed·​with·​a·​terse·​and·​unhelpful·​explanation·​like22 ······​summarily·​closed·​with·​a·​terse·​and·​unhelpful·​explanation·​like
23 ······​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">not·​a·​bug</​span>”</​span>·​or·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">bogus·​PR</​span>”</​span>.​··​Similarly,​23 ······​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">not·​a·​bug</​span>”</​span>·​or·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">bogus·​PR</​span>”</​span>.​··​Similarly,​
24 ······​one·​of·​the·​most·​frustrating·​experiences·​as·​a·​software·​developer24 ······​one·​of·​the·​most·​frustrating·​experiences·​as·​a·​software·​developer
25 ······​is·​to·​be·​flooded·​with·​problem·​reports·​that·​are·​not·​really25 ······​is·​to·​be·​flooded·​with·​problem·​reports·​that·​are·​not·​really
26 ······​problem·​reports·​but·​requests·​for·​support,​·​or·​that·​contain·​little26 ······​problem·​reports·​but·​requests·​for·​support,​·​or·​that·​contain·​little
27 ······​or·​no·​information·​about·​what·​the·​problem·​is·​and·​how·​to·​reproduce27 ······​or·​no·​information·​about·​what·​the·​problem·​is·​and·​how·​to·​reproduce
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171 »       ​··​and171 »       ​··​and
172 »       ​··​<code·​class="uri"><a·​class="uri"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​cvsweb.​cgi/​ports/​CHANGES"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​cvsweb.​cgi/​ports/​CHANGES</​a></​code>172 »       ​··​<code·​class="uri"><a·​class="uri"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​cvsweb.​cgi/​ports/​CHANGES"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​cvsweb.​cgi/​ports/​CHANGES</​a></​code>
173 »       ​··​are·​also·​available·​via·​CVSweb.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="pr-​writing"></​a>4.​·​Writing·​the·​problem·​report</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Now·​that·​you·​have·​decided·​that·​your·​issue·​merits·​a·​problem173 »       ​··​are·​also·​available·​via·​CVSweb.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="pr-​writing"></​a>4.​·​Writing·​the·​problem·​report</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Now·​that·​you·​have·​decided·​that·​your·​issue·​merits·​a·​problem
174 ······​report,​·​and·​that·​it·​is·​a·​FreeBSD·​problem,​·​it·​is·​time·​to·​write174 ······​report,​·​and·​that·​it·​is·​a·​FreeBSD·​problem,​·​it·​is·​time·​to·​write
175 ······​the·​actual·​problem·​report.​··​Before·​we·​get·​into·​the·​mechanics175 ······​the·​actual·​problem·​report.​··​Before·​we·​get·​into·​the·​mechanics
176 ······​of·​the·​program·​used·​to·​generate·​and·​submit·​PRs,​·​here·​are·​some176 ······​of·​the·​program·​used·​to·​generate·​and·​submit·​PRs,​·​here·​are·​some
177 ······​tips·​and·​tricks·​to·​help·​make·​sure·​that·​your·​PR·​will·​be·​most177 ······​tips·​and·​tricks·​to·​help·​make·​sure·​that·​your·​PR·​will·​be·​most
178 ······​effective.​</​p><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59394360"></​a>4.​1.​·​Tips·​and·​tricks·​for·​writing·​a·​good·​problem·​report</​h3></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Do·​not·​leave·​the·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Synopsi​s</​span>”</​span>178 ······​effective.​</​p><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59337272"></​a>4.​1.​·​Tips·​and·​tricks·​for·​writing·​a·​good·​problem·​report</​h3></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Do·​not·​leave·​the·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Synopsi​s</​span>”</​span>
179 »       ​····​line·​empty.​</​em></​span>··​The·​PRs·​go·​both·​onto·​a·​mailing·​list179 »       ​····​line·​empty.​</​em></​span>··​The·​PRs·​go·​both·​onto·​a·​mailing·​list
180 »       ​····​that·​goes·​all·​over·​the·​world·​(where·​the·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Synopsi​s</​span>”</​span>180 »       ​····​that·​goes·​all·​over·​the·​world·​(where·​the·​<span·​class="quote">“<span·​class="quote">Synopsi​s</​span>”</​span>
181 »       ​····​is·​used181 »       ​····​is·​used
182 »       ​····​for·​the·​<code·​class="literal">Subje​ct:​</​code>·​line)​,​·​but·​also·​into·​a182 »       ​····​for·​the·​<code·​class="literal">Subje​ct:​</​code>·​line)​,​·​but·​also·​into·​a
183 »       ​····​database.​··​Anyone·​who·​comes·​along·​later·​and·​browses·​the183 »       ​····​database.​··​Anyone·​who·​comes·​along·​later·​and·​browses·​the
184 »       ​····​database·​by·​synopsis,​·​and·​finds·​a·​PR·​with·​a·​blank·​subject184 »       ​····​database·​by·​synopsis,​·​and·​finds·​a·​PR·​with·​a·​blank·​subject
185 »       ​····​line,​·​tends·​just·​to·​skip·​over·​it.​··​Remember·​that·​PRs·​stay185 »       ​····​line,​·​tends·​just·​to·​skip·​over·​it.​··​Remember·​that·​PRs·​stay
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271 »       ​····​at·​<code·​class="uri"><a·​class="uri"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​search/​search.​html#mailinglists"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​search/​search.​html#mailinglists</​a></​code>271 »       ​····​at·​<code·​class="uri"><a·​class="uri"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​search/​search.​html#mailinglists"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​search/​search.​html#mailinglists</​a></​code>
272 »       ​····​is·​always·​good·​preparation.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Be·​polite.​</​em></​span>272 »       ​····​is·​always·​good·​preparation.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Be·​polite.​</​em></​span>
273 »       ​····​Almost·​anyone·​who·​would·​potentially·​work·​on·​your·​PR·​is·​a273 »       ​····​Almost·​anyone·​who·​would·​potentially·​work·​on·​your·​PR·​is·​a
274 »       ​····​volunteer.​··​No·​one·​likes·​to·​be·​told·​that·​they·​have·​to·​do274 »       ​····​volunteer.​··​No·​one·​likes·​to·​be·​told·​that·​they·​have·​to·​do
275 »       ​····​something·​when·​they·​are·​already·​doing·​it·​for·​some275 »       ​····​something·​when·​they·​are·​already·​doing·​it·​for·​some
276 »       ​····​motivation·​other·​than·​monetary·​gain.​··​This·​is·​a·​good·​thing276 »       ​····​motivation·​other·​than·​monetary·​gain.​··​This·​is·​a·​good·​thing
277 »       ​····​to·​keep·​in·​mind·​at·​all·​times·​on·​Open·​Source277 »       ​····​to·​keep·​in·​mind·​at·​all·​times·​on·​Open·​Source
278 »       ​····​projects.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59506360"></​a>4.​2.​·​Before·​you·​begin</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>If·​you·​are·​using·​the·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​program,​·​make·​sure·​your278 »       ​····​projects.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59462968"></​a>4.​2.​·​Before·​you·​begin</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>If·​you·​are·​using·​the·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​program,​·​make·​sure·​your
279 »       ​<code·​class="envar">VISUAL<​/​code>·​(or·​<code·​class="envar">EDITOR<​/​code>·​if279 »       ​<code·​class="envar">VISUAL<​/​code>·​(or·​<code·​class="envar">EDITOR<​/​code>·​if
280 »       ​<code·​class="envar">VISUAL<​/​code>·​is·​not·​set)​·​environment·​variable·​is·​set280 »       ​<code·​class="envar">VISUAL<​/​code>·​is·​not·​set)​·​environment·​variable·​is·​set
281 »       ​to·​something·​sensible.​</​p><p>You·​should·​also·​make·​sure·​that·​mail·​delivery·​works·​fine.​281 »       ​to·​something·​sensible.​</​p><p>You·​should·​also·​make·​sure·​that·​mail·​delivery·​works·​fine.​
282 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​uses·​mail·​messages·​for·​the·​submission·​and282 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​uses·​mail·​messages·​for·​the·​submission·​and
283 »       ​tracking·​of·​problem·​reports.​··​If·​you·​cannot·​post·​mail·​messages283 »       ​tracking·​of·​problem·​reports.​··​If·​you·​cannot·​post·​mail·​messages
284 »       ​from·​the·​machine·​you·​are·​running·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​on,​·​your284 »       ​from·​the·​machine·​you·​are·​running·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​on,​·​your
285 »       ​problem·​report·​will·​not·​reach·​the·​GNATS·​database.​··​For·​details285 »       ​problem·​report·​will·​not·​reach·​the·​GNATS·​database.​··​For·​details
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294 »       ​so·​that·​the·​web·​display·​of·​the·​PR·​will·​be·​readable.​</​p><p>Similar·​considerations·​apply·​if·​you·​are·​using·​the·​web-​based294 »       ​so·​that·​the·​web·​display·​of·​the·​PR·​will·​be·​readable.​</​p><p>Similar·​considerations·​apply·​if·​you·​are·​using·​the·​web-​based
295 »       ​PR·​submittal·​form·​instead·​of·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>.​··​Note·​that295 »       ​PR·​submittal·​form·​instead·​of·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>.​··​Note·​that
296 »       ​cut-​and-​paste·​operations·​can·​have·​their·​own·​side-​effects·​on296 »       ​cut-​and-​paste·​operations·​can·​have·​their·​own·​side-​effects·​on
297 »       ​text·​formatting.​··​In·​certain·​cases·​it·​may·​be·​necessary·​to·​use297 »       ​text·​formatting.​··​In·​certain·​cases·​it·​may·​be·​necessary·​to·​use
298 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=uuencode&am​p;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>uuencode</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​to·​ensure·​that·​patches·​arrive·​unmodified.​</​p><p>Finally,​·​if·​your·​submission·​will·​be·​lengthy,​·​you·​should298 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=uuencode&am​p;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>uuencode</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​to·​ensure·​that·​patches·​arrive·​unmodified.​</​p><p>Finally,​·​if·​your·​submission·​will·​be·​lengthy,​·​you·​should
299 »       ​to·​prepare·​your·​work·​offline·​so·​that·​nothing·​will·​be·​lost·​in299 »       ​to·​prepare·​your·​work·​offline·​so·​that·​nothing·​will·​be·​lost·​in
300 »       ​case·​there·​is·​a·​problem·​submitting·​it.​··​This·​can·​be·​an·​especial300 »       ​case·​there·​is·​a·​problem·​submitting·​it.​··​This·​can·​be·​an·​especial
301 »       ​problem·​with·​the·​web·​form.​</​p></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59542456"></​a>4.​3.​·​Attaching·​patches·​or·​files</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​following·​applies·​to·​submitting·​PRs·​via·​email:​</​p><p>The·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​program·​has·​provisions·​for·​attaching301 »       ​problem·​with·​the·​web·​form.​</​p></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59507896"></​a>4.​3.​·​Attaching·​patches·​or·​files</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​following·​applies·​to·​submitting·​PRs·​via·​email:​</​p><p>The·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​program·​has·​provisions·​for·​attaching
302 »       ​files·​to·​a·​problem·​report.​··​You·​can·​attach·​as·​many·​files·​as302 »       ​files·​to·​a·​problem·​report.​··​You·​can·​attach·​as·​many·​files·​as
303 »       ​you·​want·​provided·​that·​each·​has·​a·​unique·​base·​name·​(i.​e.​·​the303 »       ​you·​want·​provided·​that·​each·​has·​a·​unique·​base·​name·​(i.​e.​·​the
304 »       ​name·​of·​the·​file·​proper,​·​without·​the·​path)​.​··​Just·​use·​the304 »       ​name·​of·​the·​file·​proper,​·​without·​the·​path)​.​··​Just·​use·​the
305 »       ​<code·​class="option">-​a</​code>·​command-​line·​option·​to·​specify·​the·​names305 »       ​<code·​class="option">-​a</​code>·​command-​line·​option·​to·​specify·​the·​names
306 »       ​of·​the·​files·​you·​wish·​to·​attach:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>send-​pr·​-​a·​/​var/​run/​dmesg·​-​a·​/​tmp/​errors</​code></​strong></​pre><p>Do·​not·​worry·​about·​binary·​files,​·​they·​will·​be·​automatically306 »       ​of·​the·​files·​you·​wish·​to·​attach:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>send-​pr·​-​a·​/​var/​run/​dmesg·​-​a·​/​tmp/​errors</​code></​strong></​pre><p>Do·​not·​worry·​about·​binary·​files,​·​they·​will·​be·​automatically
307 »       ​encoded·​so·​as·​not·​to·​upset·​your·​mail·​agent.​</​p><p>If·​you·​attach·​a·​patch,​·​make·​sure·​you·​use·​the307 »       ​encoded·​so·​as·​not·​to·​upset·​your·​mail·​agent.​</​p><p>If·​you·​attach·​a·​patch,​·​make·​sure·​you·​use·​the
308 »       ​<code·​class="option">-​c</​code>·​or·​<code·​class="option">-​u</​code>·​option·​to308 »       ​<code·​class="option">-​c</​code>·​or·​<code·​class="option">-​u</​code>·​option·​to
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333 »       ​allows·​you·​to·​modify·​it·​without·​having·​to·​resubmit·​the·​entire333 »       ​allows·​you·​to·​modify·​it·​without·​having·​to·​resubmit·​the·​entire
334 »       ​patch·​in·​a·​followup·​to·​the·​original·​PR.​··​Finally,​·​large334 »       ​patch·​in·​a·​followup·​to·​the·​original·​PR.​··​Finally,​·​large
335 »       ​patches·​simply·​increase·​the·​size·​of·​the·​database,​·​since335 »       ​patches·​simply·​increase·​the·​size·​of·​the·​database,​·​since
336 »       ​closed·​PRs·​are·​not·​actually·​deleted·​but·​instead·​kept·​and336 »       ​closed·​PRs·​are·​not·​actually·​deleted·​but·​instead·​kept·​and
337 »       ​simply·​marked·​as·​<code·​class="literal">close​d</​code>.​</​p><p>You·​should·​also·​take·​note·​that·​unless·​you·​explicitly337 »       ​simply·​marked·​as·​<code·​class="literal">close​d</​code>.​</​p><p>You·​should·​also·​take·​note·​that·​unless·​you·​explicitly
338 »       ​specify·​otherwise·​in·​your·​PR·​or·​in·​the·​patch·​itself,​·​any338 »       ​specify·​otherwise·​in·​your·​PR·​or·​in·​the·​patch·​itself,​·​any
339 »       ​patches·​you·​submit·​will·​be·​assumed·​to·​be·​licensed·​under·​the339 »       ​patches·​you·​submit·​will·​be·​assumed·​to·​be·​licensed·​under·​the
340 »       ​same·​terms·​as·​the·​original·​file·​you·​modified.​</​p></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59585720"></​a>4.​4.​·​Filling·​out·​the·​template</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​next·​section·​applies·​to·​the·​email·​method·​only:​</​p><p>When·​you·​run·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>,​·​you·​are·​presented·​with·​a340 »       ​same·​terms·​as·​the·​original·​file·​you·​modified.​</​p></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59529400"></​a>4.​4.​·​Filling·​out·​the·​template</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​next·​section·​applies·​to·​the·​email·​method·​only:​</​p><p>When·​you·​run·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>,​·​you·​are·​presented·​with·​a
341 »       ​template.​··​The·​template·​consists·​of·​a·​list·​of·​fields,​·​some·​of341 »       ​template.​··​The·​template·​consists·​of·​a·​list·​of·​fields,​·​some·​of
342 »       ​which·​are·​pre-​filled,​·​and·​some·​of·​which·​have·​comments·​explaining342 »       ​which·​are·​pre-​filled,​·​and·​some·​of·​which·​have·​comments·​explaining
343 »       ​their·​purpose·​or·​listing·​acceptable·​values.​··​Do·​not·​worry343 »       ​their·​purpose·​or·​listing·​acceptable·​values.​··​Do·​not·​worry
344 »       ​about·​the·​comments;​·​they·​will·​be·​removed·​automatically·​if·​you344 »       ​about·​the·​comments;​·​they·​will·​be·​removed·​automatically·​if·​you
345 »       ​do·​not·​modify·​them·​or·​remove·​them·​yourself.​</​p><p>At·​the·​top·​of·​the·​template,​·​below·​the345 »       ​do·​not·​modify·​them·​or·​remove·​them·​yourself.​</​p><p>At·​the·​top·​of·​the·​template,​·​below·​the
346 »       ​<code·​class="literal">SEND-​PR:​</​code>·​lines,​·​are·​the·​email·​headers.​··​You346 »       ​<code·​class="literal">SEND-​PR:​</​code>·​lines,​·​are·​the·​email·​headers.​··​You
347 »       ​do·​not·​normally·​need·​to·​modify·​these,​·​unless·​you·​are·​sending347 »       ​do·​not·​normally·​need·​to·​modify·​these,​·​unless·​you·​are·​sending
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485 »       ​····​it·​may·​mislead·​a·​developer·​into·​making·​incorrect485 »       ​····​it·​may·​mislead·​a·​developer·​into·​making·​incorrect
486 »       ​····​assumptions·​about·​the·​problem.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​span·​class="emphasis"><em>​How-​To-​Repeat:​</​em></​span>·​A·​summary·​of·​the486 »       ​····​assumptions·​about·​the·​problem.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​span·​class="emphasis"><em>​How-​To-​Repeat:​</​em></​span>·​A·​summary·​of·​the
487 »       ​····​actions·​you·​need·​to·​take·​to·​reproduce·​the·​problem.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Fix:​</​em></​span>·​Preferably·​a·​patch,​·​or·​at487 »       ​····​actions·​you·​need·​to·​take·​to·​reproduce·​the·​problem.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Fix:​</​em></​span>·​Preferably·​a·​patch,​·​or·​at
488 »       ​····​least·​a·​workaround·​(which·​not·​only·​helps·​other·​people·​with488 »       ​····​least·​a·​workaround·​(which·​not·​only·​helps·​other·​people·​with
489 »       ​····​the·​same·​problem·​work·​around·​it,​·​but·​may·​also·​help·​a489 »       ​····​the·​same·​problem·​work·​around·​it,​·​but·​may·​also·​help·​a
490 »       ​····​developer·​understand·​the·​cause·​for·​the·​problem)​,​·​but·​if490 »       ​····​developer·​understand·​the·​cause·​for·​the·​problem)​,​·​but·​if
491 »       ​····​you·​do·​not·​have·​any·​firm·​ideas·​for·​either,​·​it·​is·​better·​to491 »       ​····​you·​do·​not·​have·​any·​firm·​ideas·​for·​either,​·​it·​is·​better·​to
492 »       ​····​leave·​this·​field·​blank·​than·​to·​speculate.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59848120"></​a>4.​5.​·​Sending·​off·​the·​problem·​report</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>If·​you·​are·​using·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>:​</​p><p>Once·​you·​are·​done·​filling·​out·​the·​template,​·​have·​saved·​it,​492 »       ​····​leave·​this·​field·​blank·​than·​to·​speculate.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59787320"></​a>4.​5.​·​Sending·​off·​the·​problem·​report</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>If·​you·​are·​using·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>:​</​p><p>Once·​you·​are·​done·​filling·​out·​the·​template,​·​have·​saved·​it,​
493 »       ​and·​exit·​your·​editor,​·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​will·​prompt·​you·​with493 »       ​and·​exit·​your·​editor,​·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​will·​prompt·​you·​with
494 »       ​<code·​class="prompt">s)​end,​·​e)​dit·​or·​a)​bort?</​code>.​··​You·​can·​then·​hit494 »       ​<code·​class="prompt">s)​end,​·​e)​dit·​or·​a)​bort?</​code>.​··​You·​can·​then·​hit
495 »       ​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>s</​code></​strong>·​to·​go·​ahead·​and·​submit·​the·​problem·​report,​495 »       ​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>s</​code></​strong>·​to·​go·​ahead·​and·​submit·​the·​problem·​report,​
496 »       ​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>e</​code></​strong>·​to·​restart·​the·​editor·​and·​make496 »       ​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>e</​code></​strong>·​to·​restart·​the·​editor·​and·​make
497 »       ​further·​modifications,​·​or·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>a</​code></​strong>·​to·​abort.​497 »       ​further·​modifications,​·​or·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>a</​code></​strong>·​to·​abort.​
498 »       ​If·​you·​choose·​the·​latter,​·​your·​problem·​report·​will·​remain·​on498 »       ​If·​you·​choose·​the·​latter,​·​your·​problem·​report·​will·​remain·​on
499 »       ​disk·​(<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​will·​tell·​you·​the·​filename·​before·​it499 »       ​disk·​(<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=send-​pr&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>send-​pr</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​will·​tell·​you·​the·​filename·​before·​it
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569 ······​so·​unless·​you·​are·​in·​a·​hurry,​·​no·​action·​needs·​to·​be·​taken.​</​p></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="pr-​further"></​a>7.​·​Further·​Reading</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>This·​is·​a·​list·​of·​resources·​relevant·​to·​the·​proper·​writing569 ······​so·​unless·​you·​are·​in·​a·​hurry,​·​no·​action·​needs·​to·​be·​taken.​</​p></​div><div·​class="section"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="pr-​further"></​a>7.​·​Further·​Reading</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>This·​is·​a·​list·​of·​resources·​relevant·​to·​the·​proper·​writing
570 ······​and·​processing·​of·​problem·​reports.​··​It·​is·​by·​no·​means·​complete.​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​chiark.​greenend.​org.​uk/​~sgtatham/​bugs.​html"·​target="_top">570 ······​and·​processing·​of·​problem·​reports.​··​It·​is·​by·​no·​means·​complete.​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​chiark.​greenend.​org.​uk/​~sgtatham/​bugs.​html"·​target="_top">
571 »       ​····​How·​to·​Report·​Bugs·​Effectively</​a>——an·​excellent571 »       ​····​How·​to·​Report·​Bugs·​Effectively</​a>——an·​excellent
572 »       ​····​essay·​by·​Simon·​G.​·​Tatham·​on·​composing·​useful·​(non-​FreeBSD-​specific)​572 »       ​····​essay·​by·​Simon·​G.​·​Tatham·​on·​composing·​useful·​(non-​FreeBSD-​specific)​
573 »       ​····​problem·​reports.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​pr-​guidelines/​article.​html"·​target="_top">Problem​573 »       ​····​problem·​reports.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​zh_TW.​UTF-​8/​articles/​pr-​guidelines/​article.​html"·​target="_top">Problem​
574 »       ​··​Report·​Handling·​Guidelines</​a>——valuable·​insight574 »       ​··​Report·​Handling·​Guidelines</​a>——valuable·​insight
575 »       ​··​into·​how·​problem·​reports·​are·​handled·​by·​the·​FreeBSD575 »       ​··​into·​how·​problem·​reports·​are·​handled·​by·​the·​FreeBSD
576 »       ​··​developers.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59936440"></​a>索引</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​P</​h3><dl><dt>problem·​reports,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp60868920">W​riting·​FreeBSD·​Problem·​Reports</​a></​dt></​dl></​div></​div></​div></​div></​body></​html>576 »       ​··​developers.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59891384"></​a>索引</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="index"><div·​class="indexdiv"><h3>​P</​h3><dl><dt>problem·​reports,​·​<a·​class="indexterm"·​href="#idp60799288">W​riting·​FreeBSD·​Problem·​Reports</​a></​dt></​dl></​div></​div></​div></​div></​body></​html>
/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/zh_TW.UTF-8/articles/remote-install/article.html
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1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="utf-​8"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>遠端安裝·​FreeBSD·​作業系統而不必接·​Remote·​Console</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="本文介紹如何在沒辦法連到​遠端·​console·​的機器做·​FreeBSD·​遠端安裝。·​本文構想來自於作者與·​Martin·​Matuska·​的合作成果,·​以及·​Paweł·​Jakub·​Dawidek·​所投注的諸多心血。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60852664"></​a>遠端安裝·​FreeBSD·​作業系統而不必接·​Remote·​Console</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">·​✂2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=utf-​8"·​/​><title>遠端安裝·​FreeBSD·​作業系統而不必接·​Remote·​Console</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="本文介紹如何在沒辦法連到​遠端·​console·​的機器做·​FreeBSD·​遠端安裝。·​本文構想來自於作者與·​Martin·​Matuska·​的合作成果,·​以及·​Paweł·​Jakub·​Dawidek·​所投注的諸多心血。"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="zh_tw"·​class="article"·​lang="zh_tw"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60856760"></​a>遠端安裝·​FreeBSD·​作業系統而不必接·​Remote·​Console</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">·​✂
3 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>本文介紹如何在沒辦法連到遠端​·​console·​的機器做·​FreeBSD·​遠端安裝。3 ··​本文中出現的眾多商標,以及·​FreeBSD·​Project·​本身廣所人知的商標,後面將以·​'™'·​或·​'®'·​符號來標註。</​p></​div></​div><div>··​2014-​05-​29·​由·​lwhsu.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">摘要</​div><p>本文介紹如何在沒辦法連到遠端​·​console·​的機器做·​FreeBSD·​遠端安裝。
4 »       ​本文構想來自於作者與·​Martin·​Matuska·​的合作成果,4 »       ​本文構想來自於作者與·​Martin·​Matuska·​的合作成果,
5 »       ​以及·​Paweł·​Jakub·​Dawidek·​所投注的諸多心血。</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="docformatnavi"​>5 »       ​以及·​Paweł·​Jakub·​Dawidek·​所投注的諸多心血。</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="docformatnavi"​>
6 ······​[6 ······​[
7 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>7 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">章節模式</​a>
8 ······​/​8 ······​/​
9 ······9 ······
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44 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​mfsbsd-​1.​0-​beta1/​</​code></​strong></​pre><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="mfsbsd-​config"></​a>3.​1.​·​設定·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span></​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>在將·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​開機之前,44 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​mfsbsd-​1.​0-​beta1/​</​code></​strong></​pre><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="mfsbsd-​config"></​a>3.​1.​·​設定·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span></​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>在將·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​開機之前,
45 »       ​有幾個重要設定要先設妥。··​此時最重要的設定,很明顯就是網路設定。45 »       ​有幾個重要設定要先設妥。··​此時最重要的設定,很明顯就是網路設定。
46 »       ​到底網路怎麼設最好,則取決於所處的網路環境​,46 »       ​到底網路怎麼設最好,則取決於所處的網路環境​,
47 »       ​以及該網路卡會以哪一種驅動程式載入而定。··​我們將會看到47 »       ​以及該網路卡會以哪一種驅動程式載入而定。··​我們將會看到
48 »       ​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​如何在任何網路情況下進行設定。</​p><p>另一件重要事就是設定·​<code·​class="systemitem">ro​ot</​code>·​密碼。48 »       ​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​如何在任何網路情況下進行設定。</​p><p>另一件重要事就是設定·​<code·​class="systemitem">ro​ot</​code>·​密碼。
49 »       ​這點可以透過·​<code·​class="filename">conf​/​rootpw.​conf</​code>·​來完成。49 »       ​這點可以透過·​<code·​class="filename">conf​/​rootpw.​conf</​code>·​來完成。
50 »       ​請切記:該檔密碼是以明文方式存放,因此不建​議放真正平常有在用的密碼。50 »       ​請切記:該檔密碼是以明文方式存放,因此不建​議放真正平常有在用的密碼。
51 »       ​然而這密碼只是臨時密碼而已,可以在之後開機​時再做更換。</​p><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59353784"></​a>3.​1.​1.​·​設定網路(<code·​class="filename">conf​/​interfaces.​conf</​code>·​方式)​</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>若對要裝的機器網卡為何還不知​道是哪一款,但可以善加利用51 »       ​然而這密碼只是臨時密碼而已,可以在之後開機​時再做更換。</​p><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59356344"></​a>3.​1.​1.​·​設定網路(<code·​class="filename">conf​/​interfaces.​conf</​code>·​方式)​</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>若對要裝的機器網卡為何還不知​道是哪一款,但可以善加利用
52 »       ​··​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​的自動偵測功能。52 »       ​··​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​的自動偵測功能。
53 »       ​··​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​的開機·​script·​會根據網卡的·​MAC53 »       ​··​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​的開機·​script·​會根據網卡的·​MAC
54 »       ​··​位址範圍來偵測正確的驅動程式,像是下列的54 »       ​··​位址範圍來偵測正確的驅動程式,像是下列的
55 »       ​··​<code·​class="filename">conf​/​interfaces.​conf</​code>·​設定內容:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">initconf_interfaces​="ext1"55 »       ​··​<code·​class="filename">conf​/​interfaces.​conf</​code>·​設定內容:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">initconf_interfaces​="ext1"
56 initconf_mac_ext1="00​:​00:​00:​00:​00:​00"56 initconf_mac_ext1="00​:​00:​00:​00:​00:​00"
57 initconf_ip_ext1="192​.​168.​0.​2"57 initconf_ip_ext1="192​.​168.​0.​2"
58 initconf_netmask_ext1​="255.​255.​255.​0"</​pre><p>別忘了在·​<code·​class="filename">conf​/​rc.​conf</​code>·​內要加上58 initconf_netmask_ext1​="255.​255.​255.​0"</​pre><p>別忘了在·​<code·​class="filename">conf​/​rc.​conf</​code>·​內要加上
59 »       ​··​<code·​class="literal">defau​ltrouter</​code>·​的相關設定:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">defaultrouter="192.​168.​0.​1"</​pre></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59365560"></​a>3.​1.​2.​·​設定網路(<code·​class="filename">conf​/​rc.​conf</​code>·​方式)​</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>若已經知道網卡是哪一種,那麼​要設定網路的話直接改59 »       ​··​<code·​class="literal">defau​ltrouter</​code>·​的相關設定:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">defaultrouter="192.​168.​0.​1"</​pre></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59372088"></​a>3.​1.​2.​·​設定網路(<code·​class="filename">conf​/​rc.​conf</​code>·​方式)​</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>若已經知道網卡是哪一種,那麼​要設定網路的話直接改
60 »       ​··​<code·​class="filename">conf​/​rc.​conf</​code>·​會比較方便。60 »       ​··​<code·​class="filename">conf​/​rc.​conf</​code>·​會比較方便。
61 »       ​··​該檔設定語法與·​FreeBSD·​標準的·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=rc.​conf&amp;​sektion=5&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>rc.​conf</​span>(5)​</​span></​a>·​是一致的。</​p><p>舉個例子,若知道該機器網卡是用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=re&amp;​sektion=4&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>re</​span>(4)​</​span></​a>,那麼就在61 »       ​··​該檔設定語法與·​FreeBSD·​標準的·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=rc.​conf&amp;​sektion=5&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>rc.​conf</​span>(5)​</​span></​a>·​是一致的。</​p><p>舉個例子,若知道該機器網卡是用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=re&amp;​sektion=4&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>re</​span>(4)​</​span></​a>,那麼就在
62 »       ​··​<code·​class="filename">conf​/​rc.​conf</​code>·​做下列類似設定:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">defaultrouter="192.​168.​0.​1"62 »       ​··​<code·​class="filename">conf​/​rc.​conf</​code>·​做下列類似設定:</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">defaultrouter="192.​168.​0.​1"
63 ifconfig_re0="inet·​192.​168.​0.​2·​netmask·​255.​255.​255.​0"</​pre></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="mfsbsd-​build"></​a>3.​2.​·​打造·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​image</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>打造·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>63 ifconfig_re0="inet·​192.​168.​0.​2·​netmask·​255.​255.​255.​0"</​pre></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="mfsbsd-​build"></​a>3.​2.​·​打造·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​image</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>打造·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>
64 »       ​image·​檔的過程相當簡單。</​p><p>首先是把·​FreeBSD·​安裝光碟或者安裝用的·​<acronym·​class="acronym">ISO</​acronym>·​image64 »       ​image·​檔的過程相當簡單。</​p><p>首先是把·​FreeBSD·​安裝光碟或者安裝用的·​<acronym·​class="acronym">ISO</​acronym>·​image
65 »       ​檔丟到·​<code·​class="filename">/​cdrom</​code>。65 »       ​檔丟到·​<code·​class="filename">/​cdrom</​code>。
66 »       ​為維持所有例子的一致,本文假設都是用·​FreeBSD·​7.​0-​RELEASE66 »       ​為維持所有例子的一致,本文假設都是用·​FreeBSD·​7.​0-​RELEASE
67 »       ​<acronym·​class="acronym">ISO</​acronym>。··​而把·​ISO·​image·​檔掛載到·​<code·​class="filename">/​cdrom</​code>·​目錄相當簡單,67 »       ​<acronym·​class="acronym">ISO</​acronym>。··​而把·​ISO·​image·​檔掛載到·​<code·​class="filename">/​cdrom</​code>·​目錄相當簡單,
68 »       ​就是用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=mdconfig&am​p;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>mdconfig</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mdconfig·​-​a·​-​t·​vnode·​-​u·​10·​-​f·​7.​0-​RELEASE-​amd64-​disc1.​iso</​code></​strong>68 »       ​就是用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=mdconfig&am​p;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>mdconfig</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mdconfig·​-​a·​-​t·​vnode·​-​u·​10·​-​f·​7.​0-​RELEASE-​amd64-​disc1.​iso</​code></​strong>
69 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mount_cd9660·​/​dev/​md10·​/​cdrom</​code></​strong></​pre><p>接著就開始打造可開機的·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>69 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mount_cd9660·​/​dev/​md10·​/​cdrom</​code></​strong></​pre><p>接著就開始打造可開機的·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>
70 »       ​image:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>make·​BASE=/​cdrom/​7.​0-​RELEASE</​code></​strong></​pre><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">上述的·​<code·​class="command">make<​/​code>·​指令要在70 »       ​image:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>make·​BASE=/​cdrom/​7.​0-​RELEASE</​code></​strong></​pre><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">上述的·​<code·​class="command">make<​/​code>·​指令要在
71 »       ​··​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​的最上層目錄執行,比方說·​<code·​class="filename">~/​mfsbsd-​1.​0-​beta1/​</​code>。</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59437880"></​a>3.​3.​·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​開動</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>現在·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​image·​已經備妥,71 »       ​··​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​的最上層目錄執行,比方說·​<code·​class="filename">~/​mfsbsd-​1.​0-​beta1/​</​code>。</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59439928"></​a>3.​3.​·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​開動</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>現在·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​image·​已經備妥,
72 »       ​要上傳到遠端機器的救急系統或者預先安裝的·​<span·​class="trademark">Lin​ux</​span>®·​distribution。72 »       ​要上傳到遠端機器的救急系統或者預先安裝的·​<span·​class="trademark">Lin​ux</​span>®·​distribution。
73 »       ​要完成這工作最適合的工具就是·​<span·​class="application">s​cp</​span>:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>scp·​disk.​img·​root@192.​168.​0.​2:​.​</​code></​strong></​pre><p>為了能順利啟動·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​image,73 »       ​要完成這工作最適合的工具就是·​<span·​class="application">s​cp</​span>:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>scp·​disk.​img·​root@192.​168.​0.​2:​.​</​code></​strong></​pre><p>為了能順利啟動·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​image,
74 »       ​要把檔案放在欲安裝機器的第一顆(可開機)​硬碟上。74 »       ​要把檔案放在欲安裝機器的第一顆(可開機)​硬碟上。
75 »       ​假設例子的第一顆開機硬碟代號為·​<code·​class="filename">sda<​/​code>,75 »       ​假設例子的第一顆開機硬碟代號為·​<code·​class="filename">sda<​/​code>,
76 »       ​那麼作法就類似下面這樣:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>dd·​if=/​root/​disk.​img·​of=/​dev/​sda·​bs=1m</​code></​strong></​pre><p>若一切順利,該·​image·​檔現在應該會在第一顆硬碟的76 »       ​那麼作法就類似下面這樣:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>dd·​if=/​root/​disk.​img·​of=/​dev/​sda·​bs=1m</​code></​strong></​pre><p>若一切順利,該·​image·​檔現在應該會在第一顆硬碟的
77 »       ​<acronym·​class="acronym">MBR</​acronym>·​磁區並可以開始進行重開機了。··​可以用77 »       ​<acronym·​class="acronym">MBR</​acronym>·​磁區並可以開始進行重開機了。··​可以用
78 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ping&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ping</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>·​工具來檢測該機器開機完畢與否。··​一旦·​ping·​到之後,78 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ping&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ping</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>·​工具來檢測該機器開機完畢與否。··​一旦·​ping·​到之後,
79 »       ​就可以透過·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ssh&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ssh</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​連進去,並且用·​<code·​class="systemitem">ro​ot</​code>79 »       ​就可以透過·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ssh&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ssh</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​連進去,並且用·​<code·​class="systemitem">ro​ot</​code>
80 »       ​以及剛設定的密碼登入。</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="installation"></​a>4.​·​FreeBSD·​作業系統的安裝</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>現在·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​已順利啟動,並且應該可以透過80 »       ​以及剛設定的密碼登入。</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="installation"></​a>4.​·​FreeBSD·​作業系統的安裝</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>現在·​<span·​class="application">m​fsBSD</​span>·​已順利啟動,並且應該可以透過
81 ······​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ssh&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ssh</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​方式來連。··​本節將介紹如何建立·​slice·​分割、設定81 ······​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ssh&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ssh</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​方式來連。··​本節將介紹如何建立·​slice·​分割、設定
82 ······​<span·​class="application">g​mirror</​span>·​以作·​RAID-​1、如何以82 ······​<span·​class="application">g​mirror</​span>·​以作·​RAID-​1、如何以
83 ······​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>·​來安裝·​FreeBSD83 ······​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>·​來安裝·​FreeBSD
84 ······​作業系統的最小化安裝。</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59478840"></​a>4.​1.​·​準備硬碟</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>首先要作的是配置硬碟空間給·​FreeBSD,像是建立·​slice·​跟分割區。84 ······​作業系統的最小化安裝。</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59481144"></​a>4.​1.​·​準備硬碟</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>首先要作的是配置硬碟空間給·​FreeBSD,像是建立·​slice·​跟分割區。
85 »       ​很明顯地,目前在跑的作業系統是載入到系統記​憶體內執行,85 »       ​很明顯地,目前在跑的作業系統是載入到系統記​憶體內執行,
86 »       ​因此要對硬碟配置並無任何問題。··​這些工作可以用86 »       ​因此要對硬碟配置並無任何問題。··​這些工作可以用
87 »       ​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>·​或者以·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=fdisk&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>fdisk</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>·​搭配87 »       ​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>·​或者以·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=fdisk&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>fdisk</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>·​搭配
88 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=bsdlabel&am​p;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>bsdlabel</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>·​來完成。</​p><p>首先先把各硬碟都先清空。··​請對各硬碟作下列指令:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>dd·​if=/​dev/​zero·​of=/​dev/​ad0·​count=2</​code></​strong></​pre><p>接著,以您慣用的工具來建立·​slice·​以及設定·​label。··​通常會建議以88 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=bsdlabel&am​p;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>bsdlabel</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>·​來完成。</​p><p>首先先把各硬碟都先清空。··​請對各硬碟作下列指令:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>dd·​if=/​dev/​zero·​of=/​dev/​ad0·​count=2</​code></​strong></​pre><p>接著,以您慣用的工具來建立·​slice·​以及設定·​label。··​通常會建議以
89 »       ​的·​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>·​工具來作會比較輕鬆,89 »       ​的·​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>·​工具來作會比較輕鬆,
90 »       ​或者是強而又不太會出槌的文字介面·​<span·​class="trademark">UNI​X</​span>®·​標準工具(像是·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=fdisk&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>fdisk</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>,​90 »       ​或者是強而又不太會出槌的文字介面·​<span·​class="trademark">UNI​X</​span>®·​標準工具(像是·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=fdisk&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>fdisk</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>,​
91 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=bsdlabel&am​p;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>bsdlabel</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>)​,這部分稍後也會一併介紹。··​前者部分在·​FreeBSD·​Handbook91 »       ​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=bsdlabel&am​p;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>bsdlabel</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>)​,這部分稍後也會一併介紹。··​前者部分在·​FreeBSD·​Handbook
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118 »       ​····​<code·​class="literal">d</​code>·​給·​<code·​class="filename">/​var</​code>,118 »       ​····​<code·​class="literal">d</​code>·​給·​<code·​class="filename">/​var</​code>,
119 »       ​····​<code·​class="literal">e</​code>·​給·​<code·​class="filename">/​usr</​code>,119 »       ​····​<code·​class="literal">e</​code>·​給·​<code·​class="filename">/​usr</​code>,
120 »       ​····​最後,會在稍後步驟把·​<code·​class="literal">f</​code>·​給120 »       ​····​最後,會在稍後步驟把·​<code·​class="literal">f</​code>·​給
121 »       ​····​<span·​class="application">Z​FS</​span>·​使用。</​p></​td></​tr><tr><td·​width="5%"·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p><a·​href="#bsdlabel-​restore"><span><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​4.​png"·​alt="4"·​border="0"·​/​></​span></​a>·​</​p></​td><td·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p>把剛剛的·​label·​設定先匯出,再匯入到第二顆硬碟上,121 »       ​····​<span·​class="application">Z​FS</​span>·​使用。</​p></​td></​tr><tr><td·​width="5%"·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p><a·​href="#bsdlabel-​restore"><span><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​4.​png"·​alt="4"·​border="0"·​/​></​span></​a>·​</​p></​td><td·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p>把剛剛的·​label·​設定先匯出,再匯入到第二顆硬碟上,
122 »       ​»       ​如此一來兩邊的硬碟·​label·​設定就會同樣。</​p></​td></​tr><tr><td·​width="5%"·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p><a·​href="#gmirror1"><spa​n><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​6.​png"·​alt="6"·​border="0"·​/​></​span></​a>·​</​p></​td><td·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p>請注意:<​code·​class="option">-​F</​code>·​選項是用在·​swap·​上。122 »       ​»       ​如此一來兩邊的硬碟·​label·​設定就會同樣。</​p></​td></​tr><tr><td·​width="5%"·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p><a·​href="#gmirror1"><spa​n><img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​6.​png"·​alt="6"·​border="0"·​/​></​span></​a>·​</​p></​td><td·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p>請注意:<​code·​class="option">-​F</​code>·​選項是用在·​swap·​上。
123 »       ​····​這參數會讓·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=gmirror&amp​;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>gmirror</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>·​認為該硬體是處於可靠狀態,123 »       ​····​這參數會讓·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=gmirror&amp​;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>gmirror</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>·​認為該硬體是處於可靠狀態,
124 »       ​····​即使發生電源故障或系統當掉,也不會去同步。​</​p></​td></​tr><tr><td·​width="5%"·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p><a·​href="#newfs"><span><​img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​7.​png"·​alt="7"·​border="0"·​/​></​span></​a>·​</​p></​td><td·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p>在各個有做​·​mirror·​的分割區上建立·​<span·​class="application">U​FS2</​span>124 »       ​····​即使發生電源故障或系統當掉,也不會去同步。​</​p></​td></​tr><tr><td·​width="5%"·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p><a·​href="#newfs"><span><​img·​src="imagelib/​callouts/​7.​png"·​alt="7"·​border="0"·​/​></​span></​a>·​</​p></​td><td·​valign="top"·​align="left"><p>在各個有做​·​mirror·​的分割區上建立·​<span·​class="application">U​FS2</​span>
125 »       ​····​檔案系統</​p></​td></​tr></​table></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59635896"></​a>4.​2.​·​系統安裝</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>這裡是最重要的一環,125 »       ​····​檔案系統</​p></​td></​tr></​table></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59642040"></​a>4.​2.​·​系統安裝</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>這裡是最重要的一環,
126 »       ​本節介紹實際上如何在先前一節所做好的硬碟安​裝最小化的·​FreeBSD,126 »       ​本節介紹實際上如何在先前一節所做好的硬碟安​裝最小化的·​FreeBSD,
127 »       ​為了完成此一目標,所有檔案系統都必須掛載妥​當,才能讓127 »       ​為了完成此一目標,所有檔案系統都必須掛載妥​當,才能讓
128 »       ​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>·​可以把·​FreeBSD·​裝到硬碟內:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mount·​/​dev/​mirror/​root·​/​mnt</​code></​strong>128 »       ​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>·​可以把·​FreeBSD·​裝到硬碟內:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mount·​/​dev/​mirror/​root·​/​mnt</​code></​strong>
129 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mkdir·​/​mnt/​var·​/​mnt/​usr</​code></​strong>129 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mkdir·​/​mnt/​var·​/​mnt/​usr</​code></​strong>
130 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mount·​/​dev/​mirror/​var·​/​mnt/​var</​code></​strong>130 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mount·​/​dev/​mirror/​var·​/​mnt/​var</​code></​strong>
131 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mount·​/​dev/​mirror/​usr·​/​mnt/​usr</​code></​strong></​pre><p>做完上述動作之後,請執行·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=sysinstall&​amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>sysinstall</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>。··​請從主選單中選擇131 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>mount·​/​dev/​mirror/​usr·​/​mnt/​usr</​code></​strong></​pre><p>做完上述動作之後,請執行·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=sysinstall&​amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>sysinstall</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>。··​請從主選單中選擇
132 »       ​<span·​class="guimenuitem">C​ustom</​span>·​安裝,選132 »       ​<span·​class="guimenuitem">C​ustom</​span>·​安裝,選
Offset 141, 15 lines modifiedOffset 141, 15 lines modified
141 »       ​<span·​class="application">f​tp</​span>·​方式來進行。··​要離開本畫面,請選141 »       ​<span·​class="application">f​tp</​span>·​方式來進行。··​要離開本畫面,請選
142 »       ​<code·​class="option">Exit</​code>·​即可。</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">至於·​<span·​class="guimenuitem">P​artition</​span>·​及142 »       ​<code·​class="option">Exit</​code>·​即可。</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">注意​:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">至於·​<span·​class="guimenuitem">P​artition</​span>·​及
143 »       ​··​<span·​class="guimenuitem">L​abel</​span>·​步驟則可略過,143 »       ​··​<span·​class="guimenuitem">L​abel</​span>·​步驟則可略過,
144 »       ​··​因為這些目前已經都設定完畢了。</​p></​div><p>在·​<span·​class="guimenuitem">M​edia</​span>·​選單中請選144 »       ​··​因為這些目前已經都設定完畢了。</​p></​div><p>在·​<span·​class="guimenuitem">M​edia</​span>·​選單中請選
145 »       ​<code·​class="option">FTP</​code>。··​請選最近的·​mirror·​站,並且讓145 »       ​<code·​class="option">FTP</​code>。··​請選最近的·​mirror·​站,並且讓
146 »       ​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>·​假設網路已經設妥。146 »       ​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>·​假設網路已經設妥。
147 »       ​接下來就會回到·​<span·​class="guimenuitem">C​ustom</​span>·​選單。</​p><p>最後,按下·​<span·​class="guimenuitem">C​ommit</​span>·​即可開始進行安裝。147 »       ​接下來就會回到·​<span·​class="guimenuitem">C​ustom</​span>·​選單。</​p><p>最後,按下·​<span·​class="guimenuitem">C​ommit</​span>·​即可開始進行安裝。
148 »       ​完成安裝後,即可離開·​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59690040"></​a>4.​3.​·​後續安裝步驟</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>此時·​FreeBSD·​作業系統應該已經裝完,然而還有些後續流程要​做。148 »       ​完成安裝後,即可離開·​<span·​class="application">s​ysinstall</​span>。</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59692472"></​a>4.​3.​·​後續安裝步驟</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>此時·​FreeBSD·​作業系統應該已經裝完,然而還有些後續流程要​做。
149 »       ​必須要做一些後續設定,才能讓·​FreeBSD·​可以開機跟登入。</​p><p>現在必須要用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=chroot&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>chroot</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>·​以切到剛剛新裝好的系統內。149 »       ​必須要做一些後續設定,才能讓·​FreeBSD·​可以開機跟登入。</​p><p>現在必須要用·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=chroot&amp;​sektion=8&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>chroot</​span>(8)​</​span></​a>·​以切到剛剛新裝好的系統內。
150 »       ​指令如下:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>chroot·​/​mnt</​code></​strong></​pre><p>然後再打下列指令以繼續完成:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>把​·​<code·​class="literal">GENER​IC</​code>·​kernel·​複製到150 »       ​指令如下:</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>chroot·​/​mnt</​code></​strong></​pre><p>然後再打下列指令以繼續完成:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>把​·