| Offset 384, 28 lines modified | Offset 384, 28 lines modified | ||
| 384 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)·····5436·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/structure-file-system.html | 384 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)·····5436·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/structure-file-system.html |
| 385 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)·····5320·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/structure-programs.html | 385 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)·····5320·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/structure-programs.html |
| 386 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)·····6261·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/structure.html | 386 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)·····6261·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/structure.html |
| 387 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····16166·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/system-resource-print.html | 387 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····16166·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/system-resource-print.html |
| 388 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····26776·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/system-resource.html | 388 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····26776·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/system-resource.html |
| 389 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····31912·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/text-processing-commands.html | 389 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····31912·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/text-processing-commands.html |
| 390 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····12789·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/text-processing.html | 390 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····12789·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/text-processing.html |
| 391 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···24569 | 391 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···245691·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/committers-guide/article.pdf |
| 392 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···1518 | 392 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···151844·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/explaining-bsd/article.pdf |
| 393 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···13845 | 393 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···138454·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/filtering-bridges/article.pdf |
| 394 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···1866 | 394 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···186672·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/new-users/article.pdf |
| 395 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···19893 | 395 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···198936·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/vm-design/article.pdf |
| 396 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)··9544 | 396 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)··9544274·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/handbook/book.pdf |
| 397 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···745 | 397 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···745910·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/book.pdf |
| 398 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···24569 | 398 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···245691·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/committers-guide/article.ps |
| 399 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···1518 | 399 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···151844·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/explaining-bsd/article.ps |
| 400 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···13845 | 400 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···138454·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/filtering-bridges/article.ps |
| 401 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···1866 | 401 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···186672·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/new-users/article.ps |
| 402 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···19893 | 402 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···198936·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/vm-design/article.ps |
| 403 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)··9544 | 403 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)··9544274·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/handbook/book.ps |
| 404 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···745 | 404 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···745910·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/book.ps |
| 405 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····54249·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/committers-guide/article.txt | 405 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····54249·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/committers-guide/article.txt |
| 406 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····23104·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/explaining-bsd/article.txt | 406 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····23104·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/explaining-bsd/article.txt |
| 407 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····18157·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/filtering-bridges/article.txt | 407 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····18157·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/filtering-bridges/article.txt |
| 408 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····28237·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/new-users/article.txt | 408 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····28237·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/new-users/article.txt |
| 409 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····53672·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/vm-design/article.txt | 409 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)····53672·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/vm-design/article.txt |
| 410 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)··4731943·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/handbook/book.txt | 410 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)··4731943·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/handbook/book.txt |
| 411 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···283678·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/book.txt | 411 | -r--r--r--···0·root·········(0)·wheel········(0)···283678·2016-04-21·19:48:20.000000·/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/unix-introduction/book.txt |
| Offset 1, 1 lines modified | Offset 1, 1 lines modified | ||
| 1 | {"name":"it-freebsd-doc","origin":"misc/freebsd-doc-it","version":"48633,1","comment":"Italian·translation·of·the·FreeBSD·Documentation·Project","maintainer":"doceng@FreeBSD.org","www":"UNKNOWN","abi":"FreeBSD:11:*","arch":"freebsd:11:*","prefix":"/usr/local","flatsize":4381 | 1 | {"name":"it-freebsd-doc","origin":"misc/freebsd-doc-it","version":"48633,1","comment":"Italian·translation·of·the·FreeBSD·Documentation·Project","maintainer":"doceng@FreeBSD.org","www":"UNKNOWN","abi":"FreeBSD:11:*","arch":"freebsd:11:*","prefix":"/usr/local","flatsize":43811193,"licenselogic":"single","desc":"The·whole·documentation·set·from·the·FreeBSD·Documentation·Project:\nHandbook,·FAQ,·articles·and·more.","categories":["misc","docs"],"options":{"HTML":"on","HTML_SPLIT":"on","PDF":"on","PS":"on","TXT":"on"}} |
| Offset 1, 1 lines modified | Offset 1, 1 lines modified | ||
| 1 | {"name":"it-freebsd-doc","origin":"misc/freebsd-doc-it","version":"48633,1","comment":"Italian·translation·of·the·FreeBSD·Documentation·Project","maintainer":"doceng@FreeBSD.org","www":"UNKNOWN","abi":"FreeBSD:11:*","arch":"freebsd:11:*","prefix":"/usr/local","flatsize":4381 | 1 | {"name":"it-freebsd-doc","origin":"misc/freebsd-doc-it","version":"48633,1","comment":"Italian·translation·of·the·FreeBSD·Documentation·Project","maintainer":"doceng@FreeBSD.org","www":"UNKNOWN","abi":"FreeBSD:11:*","arch":"freebsd:11:*","prefix":"/usr/local","flatsize":43811193,"licenselogic":"single","desc":"The·whole·documentation·set·from·the·FreeBSD·Documentation·Project:\nHandbook,·FAQ,·articles·and·more.","categories":["misc","docs"],"options":{"HTML":"on","HTML_SPLIT":"on","PDF":"on","PS":"on","TXT":"on"},"files":{"/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/committers-guide/article.html":"1$62999f23782fe3f480b7726ad6bc46f777f8f728449646d9f114de31442dbd3a","/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/explaining-bsd/article.html":"1$9960a55876e9e486c961e2f77033ae7b8b783d11e565b6bb7e1c4267512e3910","/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/filtering-bridges/article.html":"1$539be5dae9b90b9baee52575229e4a4d4c06ccfca17beccf2301a4677c0f0e17","/usr/local/share/doc/freebsd·✂ |
| Offset 1, 9 lines modified | Offset 1, 9 lines modified | ||
| 1 | <?xml·version="1.0"·encoding="iso-8859-1"?> | 1 | <?xml·version="1.0"·encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE·html·PUBLIC·"-//W3C//DTD·XHTML·1.0·Transitional//EN"·"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta·http-equiv="Content-Type"·content="text/html;·charset=iso-8859-1"·/><title>Guida·del·Committer</title><link·rel="stylesheet"·type="text/css"·href="docbook.css"·/><link·rev="made"·href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org"·/><meta·name="generator"·content="DocBook·XSL·Stylesheets·V1.78.1"·/><meta·name="description"·content="Questo·documento·fornisce·informazioni·per·la·comunità·dei·committer·di·FreeBSD.·Tutti·i·nuovi·committer·dovrebbero·leggere·questo·documento·prima·di·iniziare,·e·i·committer·già·esistenti·sono·fortemente·incoraggiati·a·riguardarselo·di·tanto·in·tanto.·Traduzione·a·cura·di·Alex·Dupre·ale@FreeBSD.org."·/><script·xmlns=""·type="text/javascript"·src="/layout/js/google.js"></script></head><body><div·xml:lang="it"·class="article"·lang="it"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h1·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><·✂ | 2 | <!DOCTYPE·html·PUBLIC·"-//W3C//DTD·XHTML·1.0·Transitional//EN"·"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta·http-equiv="Content-Type"·content="text/html;·charset=iso-8859-1"·/><title>Guida·del·Committer</title><link·rel="stylesheet"·type="text/css"·href="docbook.css"·/><link·rev="made"·href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org"·/><meta·name="generator"·content="DocBook·XSL·Stylesheets·V1.78.1"·/><meta·name="description"·content="Questo·documento·fornisce·informazioni·per·la·comunità·dei·committer·di·FreeBSD.·Tutti·i·nuovi·committer·dovrebbero·leggere·questo·documento·prima·di·iniziare,·e·i·committer·già·esistenti·sono·fortemente·incoraggiati·a·riguardarselo·di·tanto·in·tanto.·Traduzione·a·cura·di·Alex·Dupre·ale@FreeBSD.org."·/><script·xmlns=""·type="text/javascript"·src="/layout/js/google.js"></script></head><body><div·xml:lang="it"·class="article"·lang="it"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h1·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><·✂ |
| 3 | ··FreeBSD·Foundation.</p><p>CVSup·è·un·marchio·registrato·di | 3 | ··FreeBSD·Foundation.</p><p>CVSup·è·un·marchio·registrato·di |
| 4 | ··John·D.·Polstra.</p><p>IBM,·AIX,·OS/2,·PowerPC, | 4 | ··John·D.·Polstra.</p><p>IBM,·AIX,·OS/2,·PowerPC, |
| 5 | ··PS/2,·S/390,·e·ThinkPad·sono·marchi·della·International·Business·Machines | 5 | ··PS/2,·S/390,·e·ThinkPad·sono·marchi·della·International·Business·Machines |
| 6 | ··Corporation·negli·Stati·Uniti,·in·altri·paesi,·o·in·entrambi.</p><p>Intel,·Celeron,·EtherExpress,·i386, | 6 | ··Corporation·negli·Stati·Uniti,·in·altri·paesi,·o·in·entrambi.</p><p>Intel,·Celeron,·EtherExpress,·i386, |
| 7 | ··i486,·Itanium,·Pentium,·e·Xeon·sono·marchi·o·marchi·registrati·della | 7 | ··i486,·Itanium,·Pentium,·e·Xeon·sono·marchi·o·marchi·registrati·della |
| 8 | ··Intel·Corporation·o·delle·sue·sussidiarie·negli·Stati·Uniti·e·in·altri | 8 | ··Intel·Corporation·o·delle·sue·sussidiarie·negli·Stati·Uniti·e·in·altri |
| 9 | ··paesi.</p><p>Sparc,·Sparc64,·e | 9 | ··paesi.</p><p>Sparc,·Sparc64,·e |
| Offset 67, 15 lines modified | Offset 67, 15 lines modified | ||
| 67 | ······lavoro·prima·di·effettuare·il·commit,·chieda·l'approvazione·del | 67 | ······lavoro·prima·di·effettuare·il·commit,·chieda·l'approvazione·del |
| 68 | ······responsabile·appropriato,·e/o·lavori·d'accordo·con·un·mentore.··Dato·che | 68 | ······responsabile·appropriato,·e/o·lavori·d'accordo·con·un·mentore.··Dato·che |
| 69 | ······le·regole·sulla·manutenzione·del·codice·differiscono·a·seconda·dell'area | 69 | ······le·regole·sulla·manutenzione·del·codice·differiscono·a·seconda·dell'area |
| 70 | ······dell'albero,·questo·è·per·il·bene·del·committer·che·lavora·in | 70 | ······dell'albero,·questo·è·per·il·bene·del·committer·che·lavora·in |
| 71 | ······un'area·poco·familiare·tanto·quanto·per·gli·altri·che·lavorano | 71 | ······un'area·poco·familiare·tanto·quanto·per·gli·altri·che·lavorano |
| 72 | ······sull'albero.</p><p>I·committer·sono·incoraggiati·a·chiedere·la·revisione·del·proprio | 72 | ······sull'albero.</p><p>I·committer·sono·incoraggiati·a·chiedere·la·revisione·del·proprio |
| 73 | ······lavoro·come·parte·del·normale·processo·di·sviluppo,·indifferentemente | 73 | ······lavoro·come·parte·del·normale·processo·di·sviluppo,·indifferentemente |
| 74 | ······dall'area·dell'albero·in·cui·stanno·lavorando.</p><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp677 | 74 | ······dall'area·dell'albero·in·cui·stanno·lavorando.</p><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp67720888"></a>2.1. Regolamento·dell'attività·del·<code·class="filename">doc/</code> |
| 75 | ········committer·in·<code·class="filename">src/</code></h3></div></div></div><div·class="itemizedlist"><ul·class="itemizedlist"·style="list-style-type:·disc;·"><li·class="listitem"><p>I·doc·committer·possono·effettuare·commit·riguardanti·modifiche | 75 | ········committer·in·<code·class="filename">src/</code></h3></div></div></div><div·class="itemizedlist"><ul·class="itemizedlist"·style="list-style-type:·disc;·"><li·class="listitem"><p>I·doc·committer·possono·effettuare·commit·riguardanti·modifiche |
| 76 | ············alla·documentazione·sui·file·src,·come·pagine·man,·README, | 76 | ············alla·documentazione·sui·file·src,·come·pagine·man,·README, |
| 77 | ············database·dei·fortune,·file·dei·calendari,·e·correzioni·sui·commenti | 77 | ············database·dei·fortune,·file·dei·calendari,·e·correzioni·sui·commenti |
| 78 | ············senza·l'approvazione·di·un·src·committer,·prestando·la·solita | 78 | ············senza·l'approvazione·di·un·src·committer,·prestando·la·solita |
| 79 | ············attenzione·e·cura·ai·commit.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>I·doc·committer·possono·effettuare·commit·riguardanti·piccole | 79 | ············attenzione·e·cura·ai·commit.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>I·doc·committer·possono·effettuare·commit·riguardanti·piccole |
| 80 | ············modifiche·e·correzioni·ai·sorgenti,·come·correzioni·per·la | 80 | ············modifiche·e·correzioni·ai·sorgenti,·come·correzioni·per·la |
| 81 | ············compilazione,·piccole·funzionalità,·ecc.,·con·un | 81 | ············compilazione,·piccole·funzionalità,·ecc.,·con·un |
| Offset 168, 15 lines modified | Offset 168, 15 lines modified | ||
| 168 | ······Anche·le·informazioni·contenute·nei·<a·class="link"·href="http://cvsbook.red-bean.com/cvsbook.html"·target="_top">capitoli·di·Karl·Fogel | 168 | ······Anche·le·informazioni·contenute·nei·<a·class="link"·href="http://cvsbook.red-bean.com/cvsbook.html"·target="_top">capitoli·di·Karl·Fogel |
| 169 | ········da·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">Open·Source·Development·with·CVS</span>»</span></a>·sono·molto | 169 | ········da·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">Open·Source·Development·with·CVS</span>»</span></a>·sono·molto |
| 170 | ······utili.</p><p>Dag-Erling·C.·Smørgrav·ha·fornito·inoltre·il·seguente·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">mini·manuale</span>»</span>·su | 170 | ······utili.</p><p>Dag-Erling·C.·Smørgrav·ha·fornito·inoltre·il·seguente·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">mini·manuale</span>»</span>·su |
| 171 | ······CVS.</p><div·class="orderedlist"><ol·class="orderedlist"·type="1"><li·class="listitem"><p>Effettua·il·check·out·di·un·modulo·con·il·comando | 171 | ······CVS.</p><div·class="orderedlist"><ol·class="orderedlist"·type="1"><li·class="listitem"><p>Effettua·il·check·out·di·un·modulo·con·il·comando |
| 172 | ··········<code·class="command">co</code>·o·<code·class="command">checkout</code>.</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·checkout·shazam</code></strong></pre><p>Questo·estrae·una·copia·del·modulo·<code·class="filename">shazam</code>.·Se | 172 | ··········<code·class="command">co</code>·o·<code·class="command">checkout</code>.</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·checkout·shazam</code></strong></pre><p>Questo·estrae·una·copia·del·modulo·<code·class="filename">shazam</code>.·Se |
| 173 | ··········non·c'è·alcun·modulo·<code·class="filename">shazam</code>·nel·file·dei | 173 | ··········non·c'è·alcun·modulo·<code·class="filename">shazam</code>·nel·file·dei |
| 174 | ··········moduli,·cercherà·allora·una·directory·di·primo·livello·chiamata | 174 | ··········moduli,·cercherà·allora·una·directory·di·primo·livello·chiamata |
| 175 | ··········<code·class="filename">shazam</code>.</p><div·class="table"><a·id="idp6 | 175 | ··········<code·class="filename">shazam</code>.</p><div·class="table"><a·id="idp67949880"></a><div·class="table-title">Tabella 2. Opzioni·utili·con·<code·class="command">cvs·checkout</code></div><div·class="table-contents"><table·summary="Opzioni·utili·con·cvs·checkout"·border="0"><colgroup><col·/><col·/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><code·class="option">-P</code></td><td>Non·crea·le·directory·vuote</td></tr><tr><td><code·class="option">-l</code></td><td>Estrae·solo·un·livello,·non·le·sottodirectory</td></tr><tr><td><code·class="option">-r<em·class="replaceable"><code>ver</code></em></code></td><td>Estrai·la·versione,·il·ramo,·o·il·tag |
| 176 | ··················<em·class="replaceable"><code>ver</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><code·class="option">-D<em·class="replaceable"><code>data</code></em></code></td><td>Estrai·i·sorgenti·com'erano·in·data | 176 | ··················<em·class="replaceable"><code>ver</code></em></td></tr><tr><td><code·class="option">-D<em·class="replaceable"><code>data</code></em></code></td><td>Estrai·i·sorgenti·com'erano·in·data |
| 177 | ··················<em·class="replaceable"><code>data</code></em></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br·class="table-break"·/><p>Esempi·pratici·su·FreeBSD:</p><div·class="itemizedlist"><ul·class="itemizedlist"·style="list-style-type:·disc;·"><li·class="listitem"><p>Estrai·il·modulo·<code·class="filename">miscfs</code>,·che | 177 | ··················<em·class="replaceable"><code>data</code></em></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br·class="table-break"·/><p>Esempi·pratici·su·FreeBSD:</p><div·class="itemizedlist"><ul·class="itemizedlist"·style="list-style-type:·disc;·"><li·class="listitem"><p>Estrai·il·modulo·<code·class="filename">miscfs</code>,·che |
| 178 | ··············corrisponde·a·<code·class="filename">src/sys/miscfs</code>:</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·co·miscfs</code></strong></pre><p>Ora·hai·una·directory·chiamata·<code·class="filename">miscfs</code> | 178 | ··············corrisponde·a·<code·class="filename">src/sys/miscfs</code>:</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·co·miscfs</code></strong></pre><p>Ora·hai·una·directory·chiamata·<code·class="filename">miscfs</code> |
| 179 | ··············con·le·sottodirectory·<code·class="filename">CVS</code>, | 179 | ··············con·le·sottodirectory·<code·class="filename">CVS</code>, |
| 180 | ··············<code·class="filename">deadfs</code>,·<code·class="filename">devfs</code>,·e | 180 | ··············<code·class="filename">deadfs</code>,·<code·class="filename">devfs</code>,·e |
| 181 | ··············così·via.··Una·di·queste·(<code·class="filename">linprocfs</code>) | 181 | ··············così·via.··Una·di·queste·(<code·class="filename">linprocfs</code>) |
| 182 | ··············è·vuota.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Estrai·gli·stessi·file,·ma·con·il·percorso·completo:</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·co·src/sys/miscfs</code></strong></pre><p>Ora·hai·una·directory·chiamata·<code·class="filename">src</code>, | 182 | ··············è·vuota.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Estrai·gli·stessi·file,·ma·con·il·percorso·completo:</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·co·src/sys/miscfs</code></strong></pre><p>Ora·hai·una·directory·chiamata·<code·class="filename">src</code>, |
| Offset 276, 15 lines modified | Offset 276, 15 lines modified | ||
| 276 | ··············<code·class="filename">shazam</code>:</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·co·-rRELENG_5·shazam</code></strong></pre></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Applica·le·modifiche·tra·la·ver·1.14·e·la·1.15:</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·update·-j1.14·-j1.15·shazam/shazam.c</code></strong></pre></li></ul></div><p>Quasi·certamente·avrai·un·conflitto·a·causa·delle·righe | 276 | ··············<code·class="filename">shazam</code>:</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·co·-rRELENG_5·shazam</code></strong></pre></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Applica·le·modifiche·tra·la·ver·1.14·e·la·1.15:</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·update·-j1.14·-j1.15·shazam/shazam.c</code></strong></pre></li></ul></div><p>Quasi·certamente·avrai·un·conflitto·a·causa·delle·righe |
| 277 | ··········<code·class="literal">$Id$</code>·(o·nel·caso·di·FreeBSD,·<code·class="literal">$FreeBSD:·head/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/committers-guide/article.xml·43184·2013-11-13·07:52:45Z·hrs·$</code>), | 277 | ··········<code·class="literal">$Id$</code>·(o·nel·caso·di·FreeBSD,·<code·class="literal">$FreeBSD:·head/it_IT.ISO8859-15/articles/committers-guide/article.xml·43184·2013-11-13·07:52:45Z·hrs·$</code>), |
| 278 | ··········quindi·dovrai·modificare·a·mano·il·file·per·risolvere·il·conflitto | 278 | ··········quindi·dovrai·modificare·a·mano·il·file·per·risolvere·il·conflitto |
| 279 | ··········(rimuovi·le·righe·di·separazione·e·la·seconda·linea | 279 | ··········(rimuovi·le·righe·di·separazione·e·la·seconda·linea |
| 280 | ··········<code·class="literal">$Id$</code>,·lasciando·la·linea·<code·class="literal">$Id$</code> | 280 | ··········<code·class="literal">$Id$</code>,·lasciando·la·linea·<code·class="literal">$Id$</code> |
| 281 | ··········originale·intatta).</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Guarda·le·differenze·tra·la·versione·locale·e·quella·sul | 281 | ··········originale·intatta).</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Guarda·le·differenze·tra·la·versione·locale·e·quella·sul |
| 282 | ··········repository·con·il·comando·<code·class="command">diff</code>.</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·diff·shazam</code></strong></pre><p>mostra·ogni·modifica·che·hai·fatto·al·file·o·al·modulo | 282 | ··········repository·con·il·comando·<code·class="command">diff</code>.</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·diff·shazam</code></strong></pre><p>mostra·ogni·modifica·che·hai·fatto·al·file·o·al·modulo |
| 283 | ··········<code·class="filename">shazam</code>.</p><div·class="table"><a·id="idp68 | 283 | ··········<code·class="filename">shazam</code>.</p><div·class="table"><a·id="idp68282040"></a><div·class="table-title">Tabella 3. Opzioni·utili·con·<code·class="command">cvs·diff</code></div><div·class="table-contents"><table·summary="Opzioni·utili·con·cvs·diff"·border="0"><colgroup><col·/><col·/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><code·class="option">-u</code></td><td>Utilizza·il·formato·diff·unificato.</td></tr><tr><td><code·class="option">-c</code></td><td>Utilizza·il·formato·diff·contestuale.</td></tr><tr><td><code·class="option">-N</code></td><td>Visualizza·i·file·mancanti·o·aggiunti.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br·class="table-break"·/><p>Vorrai·sempre·utilizzare·<code·class="option">-u</code>,·visto·che·le·diff |
| 284 | ··········unificate·sono·molto·più·semplici·da·leggere·rispetto·a·quasi | 284 | ··········unificate·sono·molto·più·semplici·da·leggere·rispetto·a·quasi |
| 285 | ··········tutti·gli·altri·formati·(in·alcune·circostanze,·le·diff·contestuali | 285 | ··········tutti·gli·altri·formati·(in·alcune·circostanze,·le·diff·contestuali |
| 286 | ··········generate·con·l'opzione·<code·class="option">-c</code>·possono·essere·meglio,·ma | 286 | ··········generate·con·l'opzione·<code·class="option">-c</code>·possono·essere·meglio,·ma |
| 287 | ··········sono·molto·più·voluminose).··Una·diff·unificata·consiste·di·una | 287 | ··········sono·molto·più·voluminose).··Una·diff·unificata·consiste·di·una |
| 288 | ··········serie·di·parti.··Ogni·parte·inizia·con·una·riga·con·due·caratteri | 288 | ··········serie·di·parti.··Ogni·parte·inizia·con·una·riga·con·due·caratteri |
| 289 | ··········<code·class="literal">@</code>·e·specifica·dove·si·trovano·le·differenze·nel | 289 | ··········<code·class="literal">@</code>·e·specifica·dove·si·trovano·le·differenze·nel |
| 290 | ··········file·e·su·quante·linee·si·estendono.··Questa·è·seguita·da·un | 290 | ··········file·e·su·quante·linee·si·estendono.··Questa·è·seguita·da·un |
| Offset 326, 15 lines modified | Offset 326, 15 lines modified | ||
| 326 | ··········file·o·dei·file·specificati,·insieme·all'utente·che·ha·modificato | 326 | ··········file·o·dei·file·specificati,·insieme·all'utente·che·ha·modificato |
| 327 | ··········più·recentemente·quella·riga.</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·annotate·shazam</code></strong></pre></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Aggiungi·nuovi·file·con·il·comando·<code·class="command">add</code>.</p><p>Crea·il·file,·usa·<code·class="command">cvs·add</code>·su·di·esso,·quindi | 327 | ··········più·recentemente·quella·riga.</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cvs·annotate·shazam</code></strong></pre></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Aggiungi·nuovi·file·con·il·comando·<code·class="command">add</code>.</p><p>Crea·il·file,·usa·<code·class="command">cvs·add</code>·su·di·esso,·quindi |
| 328 | ··········<code·class="command">cvs·commit</code>.</p><p>In·modo·analogo,·puoi·aggiungere·nuove·directory·creandole·e·poi | 328 | ··········<code·class="command">cvs·commit</code>.</p><p>In·modo·analogo,·puoi·aggiungere·nuove·directory·creandole·e·poi |
| 329 | ··········utilizzando·<code·class="command">cvs·add</code>·su·di·esse.··Nota·che·non | 329 | ··········utilizzando·<code·class="command">cvs·add</code>·su·di·esse.··Nota·che·non |
| 330 | ··········c'è·bisogno·di·usare·il·commit·sulle·directory.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Rimuovi·i·file·obsoleti·con·il·comando | 330 | ··········c'è·bisogno·di·usare·il·commit·sulle·directory.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Rimuovi·i·file·obsoleti·con·il·comando |
| 331 | ··········<code·class="command">remove</code>.</p><p>Rimuovi·il·file,·quindi·usa·<code·class="command">cvs·rm</code>·su·di·esso, | 331 | ··········<code·class="command">remove</code>.</p><p>Rimuovi·il·file,·quindi·usa·<code·class="command">cvs·rm</code>·su·di·esso, |
| 332 | ··········ed·infine·<code·class="command">cvs·commit</code>.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Effettua·il·commit·con·il·comando·<code·class="command">commit</code>·o | 332 | ··········ed·infine·<code·class="command">cvs·commit</code>.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Effettua·il·commit·con·il·comando·<code·class="command">commit</code>·o |
| 333 | ··········<code·class="command">checkin</code>.</p><div·class="table"><a·id="idp684 | 333 | ··········<code·class="command">checkin</code>.</p><div·class="table"><a·id="idp68422072"></a><div·class="table-title">Tabella 4. Opzioni·utili·con·<code·class="command">cvs·commit</code></div><div·class="table-contents"><table·summary="Opzioni·utili·con·cvs·commit"·border="0"><colgroup><col·/><col·/></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><code·class="option">-f</code></td><td>Forza·il·commit·di·un·file·non·modificato.</td></tr><tr><td><code·class="option">-m<em·class="replaceable"><code>msg</code></em></code></td><td>Specifica·un·messaggio·di·commit·sulla·riga·di·comando |
| 334 | ··················anziché·invocare·un·editor.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br·class="table-break"·/><p>Usa·l'opzione·<code·class="option">-f</code>·se·ti·accorgi·che·hai·lasciato | 334 | ··················anziché·invocare·un·editor.</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><br·class="table-break"·/><p>Usa·l'opzione·<code·class="option">-f</code>·se·ti·accorgi·che·hai·lasciato |
| 335 | ··········fuori·informazioni·importanti·dal·messaggio·di·commit.</p><p>Buoni·messaggi·di·commit·sono·importanti.··Dicono·agli·altri | 335 | ··········fuori·informazioni·importanti·dal·messaggio·di·commit.</p><p>Buoni·messaggi·di·commit·sono·importanti.··Dicono·agli·altri |
| 336 | ··········perché·hai·fatto·le·modifiche·che·hai·fatto,·non·solo·qui·ed | 336 | ··········perché·hai·fatto·le·modifiche·che·hai·fatto,·non·solo·qui·ed |
| 337 | ··········ora,·ma·per·mesi·o·anni·quando·qualcuno·si·chiederà | 337 | ··········ora,·ma·per·mesi·o·anni·quando·qualcuno·si·chiederà |
| 338 | ··········perché·dei·pezzi·di·codice·all'apparenza·illogici·o | 338 | ··········perché·dei·pezzi·di·codice·all'apparenza·illogici·o |
| 339 | ··········inefficienti·sono·entrati·nel·file·sorgente.··È·inoltre·un | 339 | ··········inefficienti·sono·entrati·nel·file·sorgente.··È·inoltre·un |
| 340 | ··········aiuto·inestimabile·per·decidere·su·quali·modifiche·va·effettuato | 340 | ··········aiuto·inestimabile·per·decidere·su·quali·modifiche·va·effettuato |
| Offset 558, 26 lines modified | Offset 558, 26 lines modified | ||
| 558 | ······<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>·tu·stesso·per·proporre·qualsiasi·cambiamento·che·pensi | 558 | ······<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a>·tu·stesso·per·proporre·qualsiasi·cambiamento·che·pensi |
| 559 | ······debba·essere·fatto,·a·seguito·di·una·maggiore·revisione·da·parte·di·altre | 559 | ······debba·essere·fatto,·a·seguito·di·una·maggiore·revisione·da·parte·di·altre |
| 560 | ······persone.</p><p>Puoi·trovare·di·più·su·<span·class="application">GNATS</span> | 560 | ······persone.</p><p>Puoi·trovare·di·più·su·<span·class="application">GNATS</span> |
| 561 | ······su:</p><div·class="itemizedlist"><ul·class="itemizedlist"·style="list-style-type:·disc;·"><li·class="listitem"><p><a·class="link"·href="http://www.cs.utah.edu/csinfo/texinfo/gnats/gnats.html"·target="_top">http://www.cs.utah.edu/csinfo/texinfo/gnats/gnats.html</a></p></li><li·class="listitem"><p><a·class="link"·href="../../../../support.html"·target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html</a></p></li><li·class="listitem"><p><a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a></p></li></ul></div><p>Puoi·far·girare·una·copia·locale·di·GNATS,·e·poi·integrare·l'albero | 561 | ······su:</p><div·class="itemizedlist"><ul·class="itemizedlist"·style="list-style-type:·disc;·"><li·class="listitem"><p><a·class="link"·href="http://www.cs.utah.edu/csinfo/texinfo/gnats/gnats.html"·target="_top">http://www.cs.utah.edu/csinfo/texinfo/gnats/gnats.html</a></p></li><li·class="listitem"><p><a·class="link"·href="../../../../support.html"·target="_top">http://www.FreeBSD.org/support.html</a></p></li><li·class="listitem"><p><a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=send-pr&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">send-pr</span>(1)</span></a></p></li></ul></div><p>Puoi·far·girare·una·copia·locale·di·GNATS,·e·poi·integrare·l'albero |
| 562 | ······GNATS·di·FreeBSD·in·esso·tramite·CVSup.··In·seguito·puoi·usare·i·comandi | 562 | ······GNATS·di·FreeBSD·in·esso·tramite·CVSup.··In·seguito·puoi·usare·i·comandi |
| 563 | ······GNATS·localmente,·o·usare·altre·interfacce,·come | 563 | ······GNATS·localmente,·o·usare·altre·interfacce,·come |
| 564 | ······<code·class="command">tkgnats</code>.··Questo·ti·permette·di·interrogare·il·database | 564 | ······<code·class="command">tkgnats</code>.··Questo·ti·permette·di·interrogare·il·database |
| 565 | ······dei·PR·senza·bisogno·di·essere·connesso·a·Internet.</p><div·class="procedure"><a·id="idp68 | 565 | ······dei·PR·senza·bisogno·di·essere·connesso·a·Internet.</p><div·class="procedure"><a·id="idp68697144"></a><div·class="procedure-title">Procedura 1. Utilizzo·di·un·albero·GNATS·locale</div><ol·class="procedure"·type="1"><li·class="step"><p>Se·non·stai·già·scaricando·l'albero·GNATS,·aggiungi·questa |
| 566 | ··········riga·al·tuo·<code·class="filename">supfile</code>,·e·riesegui·<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsup&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">cvsup</span>(1)</span></a>. | 566 | ··········riga·al·tuo·<code·class="filename">supfile</code>,·e·riesegui·<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=cvsup&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">cvsup</span>(1)</span></a>. |
| 567 | ··········Nota·che·siccome·GNATS·non·è·sotto | 567 | ··········Nota·che·siccome·GNATS·non·è·sotto |
| 568 | ··········il·controllo·di·CVS·non·ha·tag,·quindi·se·lo·stai·aggiungendo·al·tuo | 568 | ··········il·controllo·di·CVS·non·ha·tag,·quindi·se·lo·stai·aggiungendo·al·tuo |
| 569 | ··········<code·class="filename">supfile</code>·esistente·deve·apparire·prima·di·ogni | 569 | ··········<code·class="filename">supfile</code>·esistente·deve·apparire·prima·di·ogni |
| 570 | ··········voce·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">tag=</span>»</span>·dato·che·queste·rimangono·attive·una·volta | 570 | ··········voce·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">tag=</span>»</span>·dato·che·queste·rimangono·attive·una·volta |
| 571 | ··········impostate.</p><pre·class="programlisting">gnats·release=current·prefix=/usr</pre><p>Questo·metterà·l'albero·GNATS·di·FreeBSD·in | 571 | ··········impostate.</p><pre·class="programlisting">gnats·release=current·prefix=/usr</pre><p>Questo·metterà·l'albero·GNATS·di·FreeBSD·in |
| 572 | ··········<code·class="filename">/usr/gnats</code>.··Puoi·usare·un·file | 572 | ··········<code·class="filename">/usr/gnats</code>.··Puoi·usare·un·file |
| 573 | ··········<span·class="emphasis"><em>refuse</em></span>·per·controllare·quali·categorie·ricevere. | 573 | ··········<span·class="emphasis"><em>refuse</em></span>·per·controllare·quali·categorie·ricevere. |
| 574 | ··········Per·esempio,·per·ricevere·solo·i·PR·<code·class="literal">docs</code>,·metti | 574 | ··········Per·esempio,·per·ricevere·solo·i·PR·<code·class="literal">docs</code>,·metti |
| 575 | ··········questa·riga·in·<code·class="filename">/usr/local/etc/cvsup/sup/refuse</code> | 575 | ··········questa·riga·in·<code·class="filename">/usr/local/etc/cvsup/sup/refuse</code> |
| 576 | ··········<a·href="#ftn.idp687 | 576 | ··········<a·href="#ftn.idp68712504"·class="footnote"·id="idp68712504"><sup·class="footnote">[1]</sup></a>.</p><pre·class="programlisting">gnats/[a-ce-z]*</pre><p>Il·resto·di·questi·esempi·assume·che·tu·abbia·scaricato·solo·la |
| 577 | ··········categoria·<code·class="literal">docs</code>.··Modificali·quando·è | 577 | ··········categoria·<code·class="literal">docs</code>.··Modificali·quando·è |
| 578 | ··········necessario,·a·seconda·delle·categorie·che·tieni·in·sincronia.</p></li><li·class="step"><p>Installa·il·port·GNATS·da | 578 | ··········necessario,·a·seconda·delle·categorie·che·tieni·in·sincronia.</p></li><li·class="step"><p>Installa·il·port·GNATS·da |
| 579 | ··········<code·class="filename">ports/databases/gnats</code>.··Questo·metterà·le | 579 | ··········<code·class="filename">ports/databases/gnats</code>.··Questo·metterà·le |
| 580 | ··········varie·directory·GNATS·sotto | 580 | ··········varie·directory·GNATS·sotto |
| 581 | ··········<code·class="filename">$PREFIX/share/gnats</code>.</p></li><li·class="step"><p>Crea·un·symlink·per·le·directory·GNATS·che·aggiorni·tramite·CVSup | 581 | ··········<code·class="filename">$PREFIX/share/gnats</code>.</p></li><li·class="step"><p>Crea·un·symlink·per·le·directory·GNATS·che·aggiorni·tramite·CVSup |
| 582 | ··········sotto·la·versione·di·GNATS·che·hai·installato.</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cd·/usr/local/share/gnats/gnats-db</code></strong> | 582 | ··········sotto·la·versione·di·GNATS·che·hai·installato.</p><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>cd·/usr/local/share/gnats/gnats-db</code></strong> |
| 583 | <code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>ln·-s·/usr/gnats/docs</code></strong></pre><p>Ripeti·tante·volte·quanto·necessario,·a·seconda·di·quante | 583 | <code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>ln·-s·/usr/gnats/docs</code></strong></pre><p>Ripeti·tante·volte·quanto·necessario,·a·seconda·di·quante |
| Offset 711, 10 lines modified | Offset 711, 10 lines modified | ||
| 711 | ············<code·class="command">cvpasswd</code>·anche·se·il·server·attuale·è | 711 | ············<code·class="command">cvpasswd</code>·anche·se·il·server·attuale·è |
| 712 | ············<code·class="systemitem">cvsup-master</code>.··L'accesso·al | 712 | ············<code·class="systemitem">cvsup-master</code>.··L'accesso·al |
| 713 | ············<code·class="systemitem">cvsup-master</code>·non·dovrebbe·essere·abusato·visto·che | 713 | ············<code·class="systemitem">cvsup-master</code>·non·dovrebbe·essere·abusato·visto·che |
| 714 | ············è·una·macchina·carica·di·lavoro.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term">Un·abbonamento·gratuito·al·set·da·4·CD·o·DVD</span></dt><dd><p><a·class="link"·href="http://www.freebsdmall.com"·target="_top">FreeBSD·Mall, | 714 | ············è·una·macchina·carica·di·lavoro.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term">Un·abbonamento·gratuito·al·set·da·4·CD·o·DVD</span></dt><dd><p><a·class="link"·href="http://www.freebsdmall.com"·target="_top">FreeBSD·Mall, |
| 715 | ··············Inc.</a>·offre·un·abbonamento·gratuito·al·set·da·4·CD·o·DVD·a | 715 | ··············Inc.</a>·offre·un·abbonamento·gratuito·al·set·da·4·CD·o·DVD·a |
| 716 | ············tutti·i·committer·di·FreeBSD.··Le·informazioni·su·come·ottenere·il | 716 | ············tutti·i·committer·di·FreeBSD.··Le·informazioni·su·come·ottenere·il |
| 717 | ············prodotto·gratuitamente·vengono·spedite·a | 717 | ············prodotto·gratuitamente·vengono·spedite·a |
| 718 | ············<code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:developers@FreeBSD.org">developers@FreeBSD.org</a>></code>·dopo·ogni·release.</p></dd></dl></div></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="misc"></a>14. Domande·Generali</h2></div></div></div><p>Traduzione·in·corso</p></div><div·class="footnotes"><br·/><hr·class="footnote-hr"·/><div·id="ftn.idp687 | 718 | ············<code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:developers@FreeBSD.org">developers@FreeBSD.org</a>></code>·dopo·ogni·release.</p></dd></dl></div></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="misc"></a>14. Domande·Generali</h2></div></div></div><p>Traduzione·in·corso</p></div><div·class="footnotes"><br·/><hr·class="footnote-hr"·/><div·id="ftn.idp68712504"·class="footnote"><p><a·href="#idp68712504"·class="para"><sup·class="para">[1]·</sup></a>Il·percorso·preciso·dipende·dall'impostazione |
| 719 | ··············<code·class="literal">*default·base</code>·nel·tuo | 719 | ··············<code·class="literal">*default·base</code>·nel·tuo |
| 720 | ··············<code·class="filename">supfile</code>.</p></div></div></div></body></html> | 720 | ··············<code·class="filename">supfile</code>.</p></div></div></div></body></html> |
| Offset 1, 9 lines modified | Offset 1, 9 lines modified | ||
| 1 | <?xml·version="1.0"·encoding="iso-8859-1"?> | 1 | <?xml·version="1.0"·encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE·html·PUBLIC·"-//W3C//DTD·XHTML·1.0·Transitional//EN"·"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta·http-equiv="Content-Type"·content="text/html;·charset=iso-8859-1"·/><title>Panoramica·su·BSD</title><link·rel="stylesheet"·type="text/css"·href="docbook.css"·/><link·rev="made"·href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org"·/><meta·name="generator"·content="DocBook·XSL·Stylesheets·V1.78.1"·/><meta·name="description"·content="Nel·mondo·open·source,·la·parola·Linux·è·quasi·sinonimo·di·Sistema·Operativo,·ma·non·si·tratta·del·solo·sistema·operativo·UNIX·open·source.·Secondo·l'Internet·Operating·System·Counter,·ad·Aprile·del·1999·il·31.3%·delle·macchine·connesse·in·rete·ha·in·esecuzione·Linux.·Il·14.6%·fa·girare·BSD·UNIX.·Alcuni·dei·più·grandi·operatori·del·web,·come·Yahoo!,·usano·BSD.·Il·server·FTP·più·affollato·del·mondo·nel·1999·(ora·defunto),·ftp.cdrom.com,·usa·BSD·per·trasferire·1.4·TB·di·dati·al·giorno.·Chiaramente·questo·non·è·un·mercato·di·nicchia:·B·✂ | 2 | <!DOCTYPE·html·PUBLIC·"-//W3C//DTD·XHTML·1.0·Transitional//EN"·"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta·http-equiv="Content-Type"·content="text/html;·charset=iso-8859-1"·/><title>Panoramica·su·BSD</title><link·rel="stylesheet"·type="text/css"·href="docbook.css"·/><link·rev="made"·href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org"·/><meta·name="generator"·content="DocBook·XSL·Stylesheets·V1.78.1"·/><meta·name="description"·content="Nel·mondo·open·source,·la·parola·Linux·è·quasi·sinonimo·di·Sistema·Operativo,·ma·non·si·tratta·del·solo·sistema·operativo·UNIX·open·source.·Secondo·l'Internet·Operating·System·Counter,·ad·Aprile·del·1999·il·31.3%·delle·macchine·connesse·in·rete·ha·in·esecuzione·Linux.·Il·14.6%·fa·girare·BSD·UNIX.·Alcuni·dei·più·grandi·operatori·del·web,·come·Yahoo!,·usano·BSD.·Il·server·FTP·più·affollato·del·mondo·nel·1999·(ora·defunto),·ftp.cdrom.com,·usa·BSD·per·trasferire·1.4·TB·di·dati·al·giorno.·Chiaramente·questo·non·è·un·mercato·di·nicchia:·B·✂ |
| 3 | ··FreeBSD·Foundation.</p><p>AMD,·AMD·Athlon, | 3 | ··FreeBSD·Foundation.</p><p>AMD,·AMD·Athlon, |
| 4 | ··AMD·Opteron,·Athlon,·Élan,·Opteron,·e·PCnet·sono·marchi | 4 | ··AMD·Opteron,·Athlon,·Élan,·Opteron,·e·PCnet·sono·marchi |
| 5 | ··della·Advanced·Micro·Devices,·Inc.</p><p>Apple,·AirPort,·FireWire,·Mac,·Macintosh,·Mac·OS, | 5 | ··della·Advanced·Micro·Devices,·Inc.</p><p>Apple,·AirPort,·FireWire,·Mac,·Macintosh,·Mac·OS, |
| 6 | ··Quicktime,·e·TrueType·sono·marchi·della·Apple·Computer,·Inc., | 6 | ··Quicktime,·e·TrueType·sono·marchi·della·Apple·Computer,·Inc., |
| 7 | ··registrati·negli·Stati·Uniti·e·in·altri·paesi.</p><p>Linux·è·un·marchio·registrato·di | 7 | ··registrati·negli·Stati·Uniti·e·in·altri·paesi.</p><p>Linux·è·un·marchio·registrato·di |
| 8 | ··Linus·Torvalds.</p><p>Motif,·OSF/1,·e·UNIX·sono·marchi | 8 | ··Linus·Torvalds.</p><p>Motif,·OSF/1,·e·UNIX·sono·marchi |
| 9 | ··registrati·e·IT·DialTone·e·The·Open·Group·sono·marchi·del·The·Open·Group | 9 | ··registrati·e·IT·DialTone·e·The·Open·Group·sono·marchi·del·The·Open·Group |
| Offset 150, 19 lines modified | Offset 150, 19 lines modified | ||
| 150 | ······Linux·e·FreeBSD?··Per·l'utente·medio,·la·differenza·è | 150 | ······Linux·e·FreeBSD?··Per·l'utente·medio,·la·differenza·è |
| 151 | ······sorprendentemente·piccola:·entrambi·sono·sistemi·operativi·tipo·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®. | 151 | ······sorprendentemente·piccola:·entrambi·sono·sistemi·operativi·tipo·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®. |
| 152 | ······Entrambi·vengono·sviluppati·da·progetti·non·commerciali·(questo·non·si | 152 | ······Entrambi·vengono·sviluppati·da·progetti·non·commerciali·(questo·non·si |
| 153 | ······applica·a·molte·altre·distribuzioni·di·Linux,·ovviamente).··Nella·sezione | 153 | ······applica·a·molte·altre·distribuzioni·di·Linux,·ovviamente).··Nella·sezione |
| 154 | ······seguente,·daremo·un'occhiata·a·BSD·e·lo·paragoneremo·a·Linux. | 154 | ······seguente,·daremo·un'occhiata·a·BSD·e·lo·paragoneremo·a·Linux. |
| 155 | ······La·descrizione·si·applica·molto·da·vicino·a·FreeBSD,·che·conta·per·un·80% | 155 | ······La·descrizione·si·applica·molto·da·vicino·a·FreeBSD,·che·conta·per·un·80% |
| 156 | ······delle·installazioni·BSD,·ma·le·differenza·da·NetBSD,·OpenBSD·e·DragonFlyBSD | 156 | ······delle·installazioni·BSD,·ma·le·differenza·da·NetBSD,·OpenBSD·e·DragonFlyBSD |
| 157 | ······sono·piccole.</p><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp678 | 157 | ······sono·piccole.</p><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp67812280"></a>4.1. Chi·possiede·BSD?</h3></div></div></div><p>Nessuna·persona·o·società·possiede·BSD.·Esso·è·creato |
| 158 | ········e·distribuito·da·una·comunità·di·persone·con·grande·preparazione | 158 | ········e·distribuito·da·una·comunità·di·persone·con·grande·preparazione |
| 159 | ········tecnica·e·voglia·di·fare·che·contribuiscono·da·tutto·il·mondo. | 159 | ········tecnica·e·voglia·di·fare·che·contribuiscono·da·tutto·il·mondo. |
| 160 | ········Alcuni·dei·componenti·di·BSD·sono·progetti·open·source·a·se·stanti·gestiti | 160 | ········Alcuni·dei·componenti·di·BSD·sono·progetti·open·source·a·se·stanti·gestiti |
| 161 | ········da·diversi·responsabili.</p></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp678 | 161 | ········da·diversi·responsabili.</p></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp67816248"></a>4.2. Come·viene·sviluppato·ed·aggiornato·BSD?</h3></div></div></div><p>I·kernel·BSD·vengono·sviluppati·ed·aggiornati |
| 162 | ········seguendo·il·modello·di·sviluppo·open·source.··Ogni·progetto·mantiene | 162 | ········seguendo·il·modello·di·sviluppo·open·source.··Ogni·progetto·mantiene |
| 163 | ········un·<span·class="emphasis"><em>albero·dei·sorgenti</em></span>·liberamente·accessibile·in | 163 | ········un·<span·class="emphasis"><em>albero·dei·sorgenti</em></span>·liberamente·accessibile·in |
| 164 | ········un·<a·class="link"·href="http://www.cvshome.org/"·target="_top">Concurrent·Versions | 164 | ········un·<a·class="link"·href="http://www.cvshome.org/"·target="_top">Concurrent·Versions |
| 165 | ··········System</a>,·un·sistema·di·gestione·delle·versioni·concorrenti, | 165 | ··········System</a>,·un·sistema·di·gestione·delle·versioni·concorrenti, |
| 166 | ········che·contiene·tutti·i·file·sorgenti·del·progetto, | 166 | ········che·contiene·tutti·i·file·sorgenti·del·progetto, |
| 167 | ········inclusa·la·documentazione·ed·altri·file·inerenti.··Il·CVS | 167 | ········inclusa·la·documentazione·ed·altri·file·inerenti.··Il·CVS |
| 168 | ········permette·agli·utenti·di·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">estrarre</span>»</span>·(in·sostanza, | 168 | ········permette·agli·utenti·di·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">estrarre</span>»</span>·(in·sostanza, |
| Offset 213, 15 lines modified | Offset 213, 15 lines modified | ||
| 213 | ············spesso·le·stesse·usate·su·Linux.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Come·risultato·di·un·mantenimento·formalizzato | 213 | ············spesso·le·stesse·usate·su·Linux.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>Come·risultato·di·un·mantenimento·formalizzato |
| 214 | ············di·un·singolo·CVS·per·l'albero·dei·sorgenti,·lo·sviluppo·di·BSD | 214 | ············di·un·singolo·CVS·per·l'albero·dei·sorgenti,·lo·sviluppo·di·BSD |
| 215 | ············è·chiaro,·ed·è·possibile·accedere·ad·ogni·versione·del | 215 | ············è·chiaro,·ed·è·possibile·accedere·ad·ogni·versione·del |
| 216 | ············sistema·dal·numero·di·release·o·dalla·data. | 216 | ············sistema·dal·numero·di·release·o·dalla·data. |
| 217 | ············Il·CVS·permette·anche·aggiornamenti·incrementali·del·sistema:·ad | 217 | ············Il·CVS·permette·anche·aggiornamenti·incrementali·del·sistema:·ad |
| 218 | ············esempio,·il·repository·di·FreeBSD·viene·aggiornato·più·o·meno | 218 | ············esempio,·il·repository·di·FreeBSD·viene·aggiornato·più·o·meno |
| 219 | ············100·volte·al·giorno.··La·maggior·parte·dei·cambiamenti·sono | 219 | ············100·volte·al·giorno.··La·maggior·parte·dei·cambiamenti·sono |
| 220 | ············piccoli.</p></li></ol></div></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp678 | 220 | ············piccoli.</p></li></ol></div></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp67866168"></a>4.3. Release·di·BSD</h3></div></div></div><p>FreeBSD,·NetBSD·and·OpenBSD·forniscono·il·sistema·in·tre |
| 221 | ········<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">release</span>»</span>·differenti.··Come·per·Linux,·alle·release | 221 | ········<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">release</span>»</span>·differenti.··Come·per·Linux,·alle·release |
| 222 | ········vengono·assegnati·dei·numeri·come·1.4.1·o·3.5.··Inoltre,·il·numero·di | 222 | ········vengono·assegnati·dei·numeri·come·1.4.1·o·3.5.··Inoltre,·il·numero·di |
| 223 | ········versione·ha·un·suffisso·che·indica·il·suo·scopo:</p><div·class="orderedlist"><ol·class="orderedlist"·type="1"><li·class="listitem"><p>la·versione·di·sviluppo·del·sistema·è·chiamata | 223 | ········versione·ha·un·suffisso·che·indica·il·suo·scopo:</p><div·class="orderedlist"><ol·class="orderedlist"·type="1"><li·class="listitem"><p>la·versione·di·sviluppo·del·sistema·è·chiamata |
| 224 | ············<em·class="firstterm">CURRENT</em>.··FreeBSD·assegna·un·numero | 224 | ············<em·class="firstterm">CURRENT</em>.··FreeBSD·assegna·un·numero |
| 225 | ············alla·CURRENT,·ad·esempio·FreeBSD·5.0-CURRENT.··NetBSD·usa·uno | 225 | ············alla·CURRENT,·ad·esempio·FreeBSD·5.0-CURRENT.··NetBSD·usa·uno |
| 226 | ············schema·di·denominazione·leggermente·differente | 226 | ············schema·di·denominazione·leggermente·differente |
| 227 | ············ed·aggiunge·un·suffisso·di·una·singola·lettera·che·indica | 227 | ············ed·aggiunge·un·suffisso·di·una·singola·lettera·che·indica |
| Offset 247, 15 lines modified | Offset 247, 15 lines modified | ||
| 247 | ··········2.1,·2.3·o·2.5.··In·ogni·caso,·il·numero·è·seguito·da·un | 247 | ··········2.1,·2.3·o·2.5.··In·ogni·caso,·il·numero·è·seguito·da·un |
| 248 | ··········ulteriore·numero·che·indica·la·versione·esatta.··Inoltre,·ogni | 248 | ··········ulteriore·numero·che·indica·la·versione·esatta.··Inoltre,·ogni |
| 249 | ··········venditore·aggiunge·i·suoi·programmi·utente·o·le·sue·utilità, | 249 | ··········venditore·aggiunge·i·suoi·programmi·utente·o·le·sue·utilità, |
| 250 | ··········dunque·anche·il·nome·della·distribuzione·è·importante.··Ogni | 250 | ··········dunque·anche·il·nome·della·distribuzione·è·importante.··Ogni |
| 251 | ··········venditore·di·distribuzione·assegna·anche·un·numero·di·versione·alla | 251 | ··········venditore·di·distribuzione·assegna·anche·un·numero·di·versione·alla |
| 252 | ··········distribuzione,·dunque·una·descrizione·completa·dovrebbe·essere·una | 252 | ··········distribuzione,·dunque·una·descrizione·completa·dovrebbe·essere·una |
| 253 | ··········cosa·del·tipo·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">TurboLinux·6.0·con·kernel | 253 | ··········cosa·del·tipo·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">TurboLinux·6.0·con·kernel |
| 254 | ············2.2.14</span>»</span></em></span></p></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp678 | 254 | ············2.2.14</span>»</span></em></span></p></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp67895608"></a>4.4. Quali·versioni·di·BSD·sono·disponibili?</h3></div></div></div><p>In·contrasto·alle·numerose·distribuzioni·Linux,·ci·sono·solo |
| 255 | ········quattro·BSD·open·source.··Ogni·progetto·BSD·mantiene·il·suo·albero·dei | 255 | ········quattro·BSD·open·source.··Ogni·progetto·BSD·mantiene·il·suo·albero·dei |
| 256 | ········sorgenti·ed·il·suo·kernel.··In·pratica,·comunque,·ci·sono·meno | 256 | ········sorgenti·ed·il·suo·kernel.··In·pratica,·comunque,·ci·sono·meno |
| 257 | ········divergenze·tra·i·codici·dei·programmi·utente·dei·vari·progetti·di·quante | 257 | ········divergenze·tra·i·codici·dei·programmi·utente·dei·vari·progetti·di·quante |
| 258 | ········ce·ne·siano·in·Linux.</p><p>È·difficile·catalogare·gli·obiettivi·di·ogni·progetto: | 258 | ········ce·ne·siano·in·Linux.</p><p>È·difficile·catalogare·gli·obiettivi·di·ogni·progetto: |
| 259 | ········le·differenze·sono·molto·soggettive.··Di·base,</p><div·class="itemizedlist"><ul·class="itemizedlist"·style="list-style-type:·disc;·"><li·class="listitem"><p>FreeBSD·punta·alle·alte·prestazioni·e·alla·facilità·d'uso | 259 | ········le·differenze·sono·molto·soggettive.··Di·base,</p><div·class="itemizedlist"><ul·class="itemizedlist"·style="list-style-type:·disc;·"><li·class="listitem"><p>FreeBSD·punta·alle·alte·prestazioni·e·alla·facilità·d'uso |
| 260 | ············per·l'utente·finale,·ed·è·molto·usato·dai·fornitori·di | 260 | ············per·l'utente·finale,·ed·è·molto·usato·dai·fornitori·di |
| 261 | ············contenuti·web.··Funziona·su·diverse·piattaforme,·inclusi·i·sistemi | 261 | ············contenuti·web.··Funziona·su·diverse·piattaforme,·inclusi·i·sistemi |
| Offset 292, 36 lines modified | Offset 292, 36 lines modified | ||
| 292 | ············la·linea·<span·class="trademark">Macintosh</span>®·della·<a·class="link"·href="http://www.apple.com/"·target="_top">Apple | 292 | ············la·linea·<span·class="trademark">Macintosh</span>®·della·<a·class="link"·href="http://www.apple.com/"·target="_top">Apple |
| 293 | ··············Computer·Inc.</a>.··L'anima·BSD·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®·di·questo·sistema | 293 | ··············Computer·Inc.</a>.··L'anima·BSD·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®·di·questo·sistema |
| 294 | ············operativo,·<a·class="link"·href="http://developer.apple.com/darwin/"·target="_top">Darwin</a>,·è | 294 | ············operativo,·<a·class="link"·href="http://developer.apple.com/darwin/"·target="_top">Darwin</a>,·è |
| 295 | ············disponibile·come·un·sistema·operativo·open·source·completamente | 295 | ············disponibile·come·un·sistema·operativo·open·source·completamente |
| 296 | ············funzionante·per·computer·x86·e·PPC.··Il·sistema·grafico·Aqua/Quartz | 296 | ············funzionante·per·computer·x86·e·PPC.··Il·sistema·grafico·Aqua/Quartz |
| 297 | ············e·molti·altri·aspetti·proprietari·di·<span·class="trademark">Mac OS</span>®·X·rimangono·comunque | 297 | ············e·molti·altri·aspetti·proprietari·di·<span·class="trademark">Mac OS</span>®·X·rimangono·comunque |
| 298 | ············closed·source.··Numerosi·sviluppatori·di·Darwin·sono·anche | 298 | ············closed·source.··Numerosi·sviluppatori·di·Darwin·sono·anche |
| 299 | ············committer·di·FreeBSD,·e·viceversa.</p></li></ul></div></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp679 | 299 | ············committer·di·FreeBSD,·e·viceversa.</p></li></ul></div></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp67958328"></a>4.5. Come·differisce·la·licenza·BSD·dalla·GNU·Public?</h3></div></div></div><p>Linux·è·disponibile·con·licenza·<a·class="link"·href="http://www.fsf.org/copyleft/gpl.html"·target="_top">GNU·General·Public |
| 300 | ··········License</a>·(GPL),·che·è·pensata·per·eliminare·il·software | 300 | ··········License</a>·(GPL),·che·è·pensata·per·eliminare·il·software |
| 301 | ········closed·source.··In·particolare,·ogni·lavoro·derivante·da·un·prodotto | 301 | ········closed·source.··In·particolare,·ogni·lavoro·derivante·da·un·prodotto |
| 302 | ········rilasciato·sotto·GPL·deve·essere·fornito·anche·con·il·codice·sorgente, | 302 | ········rilasciato·sotto·GPL·deve·essere·fornito·anche·con·il·codice·sorgente, |
| 303 | ········se·richiesto.··Al·contrario,·la·<a·class="link"·href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.html"·target="_top">licenza | 303 | ········se·richiesto.··Al·contrario,·la·<a·class="link"·href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.html"·target="_top">licenza |
| 304 | ··········BSD</a>·è·meno·restrittiva:·le·distribuzioni·dei·soli | 304 | ··········BSD</a>·è·meno·restrittiva:·le·distribuzioni·dei·soli |
| 305 | ········binari·sono·permesse.··Ciò·è·particolarmente·attraente·per | 305 | ········binari·sono·permesse.··Ciò·è·particolarmente·attraente·per |
| 306 | ········le·applicazioni·embedded.</p></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp679 | 306 | ········le·applicazioni·embedded.</p></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp67964088"></a>4.6. Cos'altro·dovrei·sapere?</h3></div></div></div><p>Poiché·sono·disponibili·meno·applicazioni·per·BSD·che·per |
| 307 | ········Linux,·gli·sviluppatori·BSD·hanno·creato·un·pacchetto·di | 307 | ········Linux,·gli·sviluppatori·BSD·hanno·creato·un·pacchetto·di |
| 308 | ········compatibilità·con·Linux,·che·permette·ai·programmi·per·Linux·di | 308 | ········compatibilità·con·Linux,·che·permette·ai·programmi·per·Linux·di |
| 309 | ········funzionare·su·BSD.··Il·pacchetto·include·sia·modifiche·al·kernel,·in | 309 | ········funzionare·su·BSD.··Il·pacchetto·include·sia·modifiche·al·kernel,·in |
| 310 | ········modo·da·permettere·l'esecuzione·corretta·di·chiamate·di·sistema | 310 | ········modo·da·permettere·l'esecuzione·corretta·di·chiamate·di·sistema |
| 311 | ········Linux,·che·file·di·compatibilità,·come·la·libreria·C.··Non | 311 | ········Linux,·che·file·di·compatibilità,·come·la·libreria·C.··Non |
| 312 | ········c'è·una·differenza·notevole·nella·velocità·di·esecuzione | 312 | ········c'è·una·differenza·notevole·nella·velocità·di·esecuzione |
| 313 | ········tra·una·applicazione·in·esecuzione·su·una·macchina·Linux·ed·una | 313 | ········tra·una·applicazione·in·esecuzione·su·una·macchina·Linux·ed·una |
| 314 | ········applicazione·in·esecuzione·su·una·macchina·BSD·con·pari | 314 | ········applicazione·in·esecuzione·su·una·macchina·BSD·con·pari |
| 315 | ········caratteristiche.</p><p>La·natura·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">tutto·da·una·sola·fonte</span>»</span>·di·BSD·fa·sì | 315 | ········caratteristiche.</p><p>La·natura·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">tutto·da·una·sola·fonte</span>»</span>·di·BSD·fa·sì |
| 316 | ········che·gli·aggiornamenti·siano·molto·più·semplici·da·gestire | 316 | ········che·gli·aggiornamenti·siano·molto·più·semplici·da·gestire |
| 317 | ········rispetto·alla·maggior·parte·dei·casi·in·Linux.··BSD·gestisce·gli | 317 | ········rispetto·alla·maggior·parte·dei·casi·in·Linux.··BSD·gestisce·gli |
| 318 | ········aggiornamenti·della·versione·di·libreria·fornendo·moduli·di | 318 | ········aggiornamenti·della·versione·di·libreria·fornendo·moduli·di |
| 319 | ········compatibilità·per·le·versioni·precedenti,·dunque·è | 319 | ········compatibilità·per·le·versioni·precedenti,·dunque·è |
| 320 | ········possibile·eseguire·binari·di·parecchi·anni·prima·senza·problemi.</p></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp679 | 320 | ········possibile·eseguire·binari·di·parecchi·anni·prima·senza·problemi.</p></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp67972920"></a>4.7. Cosa·dovrei·usare,·BSD·o·Linux?</h3></div></div></div><p>Cosa·significa·tutto·questo·in·pratica?··Chi·dovrebbe·usare·BSD,·chi |
| 321 | ········dovrebbe·usare·Linux?</p><p>Questa·è·una·domanda·molto·difficile·a·cui·rispondere.··Qui | 321 | ········dovrebbe·usare·Linux?</p><p>Questa·è·una·domanda·molto·difficile·a·cui·rispondere.··Qui |
| 322 | ········ci·sono·alcune·linee·guida:</p><div·class="itemizedlist"><ul·class="itemizedlist"·style="list-style-type:·disc;·"><li·class="listitem"><p><span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">Se·non·è·rotto,·non·aggiustarlo</span>»</span>:·se·usi | 322 | ········ci·sono·alcune·linee·guida:</p><div·class="itemizedlist"><ul·class="itemizedlist"·style="list-style-type:·disc;·"><li·class="listitem"><p><span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">Se·non·è·rotto,·non·aggiustarlo</span>»</span>:·se·usi |
| 323 | ············già·un·sistema·operativo·open·source,·e·ne·sei·soddisfatto, | 323 | ············già·un·sistema·operativo·open·source,·e·ne·sei·soddisfatto, |
| 324 | ············probabilmente·non·c'è·ragione·di·cambiare.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>I·sistemi·BSD,·in·particolare·FreeBSD,·possono·avere·prestazioni | 324 | ············probabilmente·non·c'è·ragione·di·cambiare.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>I·sistemi·BSD,·in·particolare·FreeBSD,·possono·avere·prestazioni |
| 325 | ············notevolmente·migliori·di·Linux.··Ma·questo·non·avviene·in·tutti·i | 325 | ············notevolmente·migliori·di·Linux.··Ma·questo·non·avviene·in·tutti·i |
| 326 | ············campi.··In·molti·casi,·c'è·una·differenza·minima·nelle | 326 | ············campi.··In·molti·casi,·c'è·una·differenza·minima·nelle |
| 327 | ············prestazioni.··In·alcuni·casi,·Linux·può·comportarsi·meglio·di | 327 | ············prestazioni.··In·alcuni·casi,·Linux·può·comportarsi·meglio·di |
| Offset 333, 13 lines modified | Offset 333, 13 lines modified | ||
| 333 | ············documentazione·aggiornata,·in·molte·lingue,·e·coprendo·tutti | 333 | ············documentazione·aggiornata,·in·molte·lingue,·e·coprendo·tutti |
| 334 | ············gli·aspetti·del·sistema.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>La·licenza·BSD·può·essere·più·attraente·della | 334 | ············gli·aspetti·del·sistema.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>La·licenza·BSD·può·essere·più·attraente·della |
| 335 | ············GPL.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>BSD·può·eseguire·la·maggior·parte·dei·binari·Linux, | 335 | ············GPL.</p></li><li·class="listitem"><p>BSD·può·eseguire·la·maggior·parte·dei·binari·Linux, |
| 336 | ············mentre·Linux·non·può·eseguire·i·binari·BSD.··Molte | 336 | ············mentre·Linux·non·può·eseguire·i·binari·BSD.··Molte |
| 337 | ············implementazioni·di·BSD·possono·anche·eseguire·i·binari·di·altri | 337 | ············implementazioni·di·BSD·possono·anche·eseguire·i·binari·di·altri |
| 338 | ············sistemi·di·tipo·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®.·Come·risultato,·BSD·può | 338 | ············sistemi·di·tipo·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®.·Come·risultato,·BSD·può |
| 339 | ············rappresentare·un·percorso·di·migrazione·più·semplice·da | 339 | ············rappresentare·un·percorso·di·migrazione·più·semplice·da |
| 340 | ············altri·sistemi·rispetto·a·Linux.</p></li></ul></div></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp679 | 340 | ············altri·sistemi·rispetto·a·Linux.</p></li></ul></div></div><div·class="sect2"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h3·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"><a·id="idp67992632"></a>4.8. Chi·fornisce·supporto,·servizi,·e·training·su·BSD?</h3></div></div></div><p>BSDi·/·<a·class="link"·href="http://www.freebsdmall.com"·target="_top">FreeBSD |
| 341 | ··········Mall,·Inc.</a>·forniscono·contratti·di·supporto·per | 341 | ··········Mall,·Inc.</a>·forniscono·contratti·di·supporto·per |
| 342 | ·······FreeBSD·da·quasi·un·decennio.</p><p>Inoltre,·ognuno·dei·progetti·ha·una·lista·di·consulenti·a·pagamento: | 342 | ·······FreeBSD·da·quasi·un·decennio.</p><p>Inoltre,·ognuno·dei·progetti·ha·una·lista·di·consulenti·a·pagamento: |
| 343 | ········<a·class="link"·href="../../../../commercial/consult_bycat.html"·target="_top">FreeBSD</a>, | 343 | ········<a·class="link"·href="../../../../commercial/consult_bycat.html"·target="_top">FreeBSD</a>, |
| 344 | ········<a·class="link"·href="http://www.netbsd.org/gallery/consultants.html"·target="_top">NetBSD</a>, | 344 | ········<a·class="link"·href="http://www.netbsd.org/gallery/consultants.html"·target="_top">NetBSD</a>, |
| 345 | ········e·<a·class="link"·href="http://www.openbsd.org/support.html"·target="_top">OpenBSD</a>.</p></div></div></div></body></html> | 345 | ········e·<a·class="link"·href="http://www.openbsd.org/support.html"·target="_top">OpenBSD</a>.</p></div></div></div></body></html> |
| Offset 1, 9 lines modified | Offset 1, 9 lines modified | ||
| 1 | <?xml·version="1.0"·encoding="iso-8859-1"?> | 1 | <?xml·version="1.0"·encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE·html·PUBLIC·"-//W3C//DTD·XHTML·1.0·Transitional//EN"·"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta·http-equiv="Content-Type"·content="text/html;·charset=iso-8859-1"·/><title>Filtering·Bridges</title><link·rel="stylesheet"·type="text/css"·href="docbook.css"·/><link·rev="made"·href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org"·/><meta·name="generator"·content="DocBook·XSL·Stylesheets·V1.78.1"·/><meta·name="description"·content="Spesso·è·utile·dividere·una·rete·fisica·(come·una·Ethernet)·in·due·segmenti·separati,·senza·dover·creare·sottoreti·e·usare·un·router·per·collegarli·assieme.·Il·dispositivo·che·collega·due·reti·insieme·in·questo·modo·è·chiamato·bridge.·Un·sistema·FreeBSD·con·due·interfacce·di·rete·è·sufficiente·per·raggiungere·lo·scopo.·Un·bridge·funziona·individuando·gli·indirizzi·del·livello·MAC·(indirizzi·Ethernet)·dei·dispositivi·collegati·ad·ognuna·delle·sue·interfacce·di·rete·e·inoltrando·il·traffico·tra·le·due·reti·solo·se·il·mittente·e·il·des·✂ | 2 | <!DOCTYPE·html·PUBLIC·"-//W3C//DTD·XHTML·1.0·Transitional//EN"·"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta·http-equiv="Content-Type"·content="text/html;·charset=iso-8859-1"·/><title>Filtering·Bridges</title><link·rel="stylesheet"·type="text/css"·href="docbook.css"·/><link·rev="made"·href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org"·/><meta·name="generator"·content="DocBook·XSL·Stylesheets·V1.78.1"·/><meta·name="description"·content="Spesso·è·utile·dividere·una·rete·fisica·(come·una·Ethernet)·in·due·segmenti·separati,·senza·dover·creare·sottoreti·e·usare·un·router·per·collegarli·assieme.·Il·dispositivo·che·collega·due·reti·insieme·in·questo·modo·è·chiamato·bridge.·Un·sistema·FreeBSD·con·due·interfacce·di·rete·è·sufficiente·per·raggiungere·lo·scopo.·Un·bridge·funziona·individuando·gli·indirizzi·del·livello·MAC·(indirizzi·Ethernet)·dei·dispositivi·collegati·ad·ognuna·delle·sue·interfacce·di·rete·e·inoltrando·il·traffico·tra·le·due·reti·solo·se·il·mittente·e·il·des·✂ |
| 3 | ··FreeBSD·Foundation.</p><p>3Com·e·HomeConnect·sono·marchi·registrati | 3 | ··FreeBSD·Foundation.</p><p>3Com·e·HomeConnect·sono·marchi·registrati |
| 4 | ··della·3Com·Corporation.</p><p>Intel,·Celeron,·EtherExpress,·i386, | 4 | ··della·3Com·Corporation.</p><p>Intel,·Celeron,·EtherExpress,·i386, |
| 5 | ··i486,·Itanium,·Pentium,·e·Xeon·sono·marchi·o·marchi·registrati·della | 5 | ··i486,·Itanium,·Pentium,·e·Xeon·sono·marchi·o·marchi·registrati·della |
| 6 | ··Intel·Corporation·o·delle·sue·sussidiarie·negli·Stati·Uniti·e·in·altri | 6 | ··Intel·Corporation·o·delle·sue·sussidiarie·negli·Stati·Uniti·e·in·altri |
| 7 | ··paesi.</p><p>Molti·dei·nomi·identificativi·usati·dai | 7 | ··paesi.</p><p>Molti·dei·nomi·identificativi·usati·dai |
| 8 | ··produttori·e·dai·venditori·per·distinguere·i·loro·prodotti·sono·anche·dei | 8 | ··produttori·e·dai·venditori·per·distinguere·i·loro·prodotti·sono·anche·dei |
| 9 | ··marchi.··Quando·questi·nomi·appaiono·nel·libro,·e·il·FreeBSD·Project | 9 | ··marchi.··Quando·questi·nomi·appaiono·nel·libro,·e·il·FreeBSD·Project |
| Offset 1, 9 lines modified | Offset 1, 9 lines modified | ||
| 1 | <?xml·version="1.0"·encoding="iso-8859-1"?> | 1 | <?xml·version="1.0"·encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE·html·PUBLIC·"-//W3C//DTD·XHTML·1.0·Transitional//EN"·"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta·http-equiv="Content-Type"·content="text/html;·charset=iso-8859-1"·/><title>Per·chi·è·alle·Prime·Armi·sia·con·FreeBSD·che·con·UNIX®</title><link·rel="stylesheet"·type="text/css"·href="docbook.css"·/><link·rev="made"·href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org"·/><meta·name="generator"·content="DocBook·XSL·Stylesheets·V1.78.1"·/><meta·name="description"·content="Congratulazioni·per·aver·installato·FreeBSD!·Questa·introduzione·é·per·chi·é·alle·prime·armi·con·FreeBSD·e·UNIX-perciò·comincia·dalle·basi.·Stai·certamente·usando·la·versione·2.0.5·o·una·più·recente·di·FreeBSD·distribuita·da·FreeBSD.org,·il·tuo·sistema·ha·(per·il·momento)·un·solo·utente·(te·stesso)-e·sei·probabilmente·abbastanza·bravo·con·DOS/Windows·o·OS/2.·Traduzione·a·cura·di·Massimiliano·Stucchi·max@gufi.org."·/><script·xmlns=""·type="text/javascript"·src="/layout/js/google.js"></script></he·✂ | 2 | <!DOCTYPE·html·PUBLIC·"-//W3C//DTD·XHTML·1.0·Transitional//EN"·"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta·http-equiv="Content-Type"·content="text/html;·charset=iso-8859-1"·/><title>Per·chi·è·alle·Prime·Armi·sia·con·FreeBSD·che·con·UNIX®</title><link·rel="stylesheet"·type="text/css"·href="docbook.css"·/><link·rev="made"·href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org"·/><meta·name="generator"·content="DocBook·XSL·Stylesheets·V1.78.1"·/><meta·name="description"·content="Congratulazioni·per·aver·installato·FreeBSD!·Questa·introduzione·é·per·chi·é·alle·prime·armi·con·FreeBSD·e·UNIX-perciò·comincia·dalle·basi.·Stai·certamente·usando·la·versione·2.0.5·o·una·più·recente·di·FreeBSD·distribuita·da·FreeBSD.org,·il·tuo·sistema·ha·(per·il·momento)·un·solo·utente·(te·stesso)-e·sei·probabilmente·abbastanza·bravo·con·DOS/Windows·o·OS/2.·Traduzione·a·cura·di·Massimiliano·Stucchi·max@gufi.org."·/><script·xmlns=""·type="text/javascript"·src="/layout/js/google.js"></script></he·✂ |
| 3 | ······<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®</h1></div><div><div·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="authorgroup"><div·class="author"><h3·class="author"><span·class="firstname">Annelise</span>·<span·class="surname">Anderson</span></h3><div·class="affiliation"><div·class="address"><p><code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu">andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div></div><div>Revisione:·<a·href="https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43184"><span·class="svnref">43184</span></a></div><div><div·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="legalnotice"><a·id="trademarks"></a><p>FreeBSD·è·un·marchio·registrato·della | 3 | ······<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®</h1></div><div><div·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="authorgroup"><div·class="author"><h3·class="author"><span·class="firstname">Annelise</span>·<span·class="surname">Anderson</span></h3><div·class="affiliation"><div·class="address"><p><code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu">andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu</a>></code></p></div></div></div></div></div><div>Revisione:·<a·href="https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43184"><span·class="svnref">43184</span></a></div><div><div·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="legalnotice"><a·id="trademarks"></a><p>FreeBSD·è·un·marchio·registrato·della |
| 4 | ··FreeBSD·Foundation.</p><p>IBM,·AIX,·OS/2,·PowerPC, | 4 | ··FreeBSD·Foundation.</p><p>IBM,·AIX,·OS/2,·PowerPC, |
| 5 | ··PS/2,·S/390,·e·ThinkPad·sono·marchi·della·International·Business·Machines | 5 | ··PS/2,·S/390,·e·ThinkPad·sono·marchi·della·International·Business·Machines |
| 6 | ··Corporation·negli·Stati·Uniti,·in·altri·paesi,·o·in·entrambi.</p><p>Microsoft,·IntelliMouse, | 6 | ··Corporation·negli·Stati·Uniti,·in·altri·paesi,·o·in·entrambi.</p><p>Microsoft,·IntelliMouse, |
| 7 | ··MS-DOS,·Outlook,·Windows,·Windows·Media·e·Windows·NT·sono·marchi·o·marchi | 7 | ··MS-DOS,·Outlook,·Windows,·Windows·Media·e·Windows·NT·sono·marchi·o·marchi |
| 8 | ··registrati·della·Microsoft·Corporation·negli·Stati·Uniti·e/o·in·altri | 8 | ··registrati·della·Microsoft·Corporation·negli·Stati·Uniti·e/o·in·altri |
| 9 | ··paesi.</p><p>Netscape·e·Netscape·Navigator | 9 | ··paesi.</p><p>Netscape·e·Netscape·Navigator |
| Offset 24, 15 lines modified | Offset 24, 15 lines modified | ||
| 24 | ······[ | 24 | ······[ |
| 25 | ······<a·href="index.html">HTML·Multiplo</a> | 25 | ······<a·href="index.html">HTML·Multiplo</a> |
| 26 | ······/ | 26 | ······/ |
| 27 | ······ | 27 | ······ |
| 28 | » ··HTML·Singolo | 28 | » ··HTML·Singolo |
| 29 | » | 29 | » |
| 30 | ······] | 30 | ······] |
| 31 | ····</div><hr·/></div><div·class="toc"><div·class="toc-title">Indice</div><dl·class="toc"><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp665 | 31 | ····</div><hr·/></div><div·class="toc"><div·class="toc-title">Indice</div><dl·class="toc"><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp66511416">1.·Entrare·ed·Uscire·dal·Sistema</a></span></dt><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp67274936">2.·Aggiungere·un·Utente·con·Privilegi·di·Root</a></span></dt><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp67768888">3.·Diamoci·un'occhiata·in·giro</a></span></dt><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp67873592">4.·Ottenere·Aiuto·e·Informazioni</a></span></dt><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp68033080">5.·Modificare·File·di·Testo</a></span></dt><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp68224568">6.·Stampa·di·File·da·DOS</a></span></dt><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp68340536">7.·Altri·Comandi·Utili</a></span></dt><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp68434744">8.·Prossimi·Passi</a></span></dt><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp68536376">9.·Il·tuo·Ambiente·di·Lavoro</a></span></dt><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp68648888">10.·Altro</a></span></dt><dt><span·class="sect1"><a·href="#idp6·✂ |
| 32 | ······hai·creato·durante·l'installazione·oppure·come | 32 | ······hai·creato·durante·l'installazione·oppure·come |
| 33 | ······<code·class="systemitem">root</code>.··(La·tua·installazione·di·FreeBSD·dovrebbe | 33 | ······<code·class="systemitem">root</code>.··(La·tua·installazione·di·FreeBSD·dovrebbe |
| 34 | ······già·avere·un·account·di·<code·class="systemitem">root</code>;·che·può | 34 | ······già·avere·un·account·di·<code·class="systemitem">root</code>;·che·può |
| 35 | ······andare·ovunque·e·fare·qualsiasi·cosa,·anche·cancellare·file·essenziali, | 35 | ······andare·ovunque·e·fare·qualsiasi·cosa,·anche·cancellare·file·essenziali, |
| 36 | ······perciò·stai·attento!)··I·simboli·<code·class="prompt">%</code>·e·<code·class="prompt">#</code> | 36 | ······perciò·stai·attento!)··I·simboli·<code·class="prompt">%</code>·e·<code·class="prompt">#</code> |
| 37 | ······che·incontrerai·più·avanti·simboleggiano·il·prompt·(i·tuoi | 37 | ······che·incontrerai·più·avanti·simboleggiano·il·prompt·(i·tuoi |
| 38 | ······potrebbero·essere·differenti),·dove·<code·class="prompt">%</code>·indica·un·utente | 38 | ······potrebbero·essere·differenti),·dove·<code·class="prompt">%</code>·indica·un·utente |
| Offset 41, 15 lines modified | Offset 41, 15 lines modified | ||
| 41 | ······<span·class="keysym">invio</span>·dopo·ogni·comando,·e·ricordati·che·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®·fa | 41 | ······<span·class="keysym">invio</span>·dopo·ogni·comando,·e·ricordati·che·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®·fa |
| 42 | ······distinzione·tra·maiuscole·e·minuscole-perciò | 42 | ······distinzione·tra·maiuscole·e·minuscole-perciò |
| 43 | ······<code·class="command">exit</code>,·non·<code·class="command">EXIT</code>.</p><p>Per·spegnere·il·computer·digita</p><div·class="informalexample"><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>/sbin/shutdown·-h·now</code></strong></pre></div><p>O·per·riavviarlo·digita</p><div·class="informalexample"><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>/sbin/shutdown·-r·now</code></strong></pre></div><p>oppure</p><div·class="informalexample"><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>/sbin/reboot</code></strong></pre></div><p>Puoi·anche·riavviarlo·premendo | 43 | ······<code·class="command">exit</code>,·non·<code·class="command">EXIT</code>.</p><p>Per·spegnere·il·computer·digita</p><div·class="informalexample"><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>/sbin/shutdown·-h·now</code></strong></pre></div><p>O·per·riavviarlo·digita</p><div·class="informalexample"><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>/sbin/shutdown·-r·now</code></strong></pre></div><p>oppure</p><div·class="informalexample"><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>/sbin/reboot</code></strong></pre></div><p>Puoi·anche·riavviarlo·premendo |
| 44 | ······<span·class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span·class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span·class="keycap"><strong>Canc</strong></span>. | 44 | ······<span·class="keycap"><strong>Ctrl</strong></span>+<span·class="keycap"><strong>Alt</strong></span>+<span·class="keycap"><strong>Canc</strong></span>. |
| 45 | ······Lasciagli·un·po'·di·tempo·per·compiere·il·suo·lavoro.··Questo·equivale·a | 45 | ······Lasciagli·un·po'·di·tempo·per·compiere·il·suo·lavoro.··Questo·equivale·a |
| 46 | ······<code·class="command">/sbin/reboot</code>·nelle·versioni·più·recenti·di | 46 | ······<code·class="command">/sbin/reboot</code>·nelle·versioni·più·recenti·di |
| 47 | ······FreeBSD·ed·è·molto·meglio·che·premere·il·bottone·di·reset. | 47 | ······FreeBSD·ed·è·molto·meglio·che·premere·il·bottone·di·reset. |
| 48 | ······Non·vorrai·mica·reinstallare·tutto·da·capo,·vero?</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp67 | 48 | ······Non·vorrai·mica·reinstallare·tutto·da·capo,·vero?</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp67274936"></a>2. Aggiungere·un·Utente·con·Privilegi·di·Root</h2></div></div></div><p>Se·non·hai·creato·un·utente·durante·l'installazione·e·quindi |
| 49 | ······sei·entrato·nel·sistema·come·<code·class="systemitem">root</code>,·dovresti | 49 | ······sei·entrato·nel·sistema·come·<code·class="systemitem">root</code>,·dovresti |
| 50 | ······probabilmente·crearne·uno·ora·tramite</p><div·class="informalexample"><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>adduser</code></strong></pre></div><p>La·prima·volta·che·aggiungi·un·utente,·il·sistema·dovrebbe·chiederti | 50 | ······probabilmente·crearne·uno·ora·tramite</p><div·class="informalexample"><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">#</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>adduser</code></strong></pre></div><p>La·prima·volta·che·aggiungi·un·utente,·il·sistema·dovrebbe·chiederti |
| 51 | ······di·inserire·delle·impostazioni·di·default·da·applicare.··Potresti·volere | 51 | ······di·inserire·delle·impostazioni·di·default·da·applicare.··Potresti·volere |
| 52 | ······come·shell·<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">csh</span>(1)</span></a>·invece·di·<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">sh</span>(1)</span></a>,·se·ti·viene·consigliato | 52 | ······come·shell·<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=csh&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">csh</span>(1)</span></a>·invece·di·<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=sh&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">sh</span>(1)</span></a>,·se·ti·viene·consigliato |
| 53 | ······<code·class="command">sh</code>·come·default.··Altrimenti·premi·solo·invio | 53 | ······<code·class="command">sh</code>·come·default.··Altrimenti·premi·solo·invio |
| 54 | ······per·accettare·i·valori·proposti.··Questi·dati·vengono·salvati·in | 54 | ······per·accettare·i·valori·proposti.··Questi·dati·vengono·salvati·in |
| 55 | ······<code·class="filename">/etc/adduser.conf</code>,·un·file·modificabile | 55 | ······<code·class="filename">/etc/adduser.conf</code>,·un·file·modificabile |
| Offset 77, 15 lines modified | Offset 77, 15 lines modified | ||
| 77 | ······grado·di·usare·<code·class="command">su</code>·per·diventare | 77 | ······grado·di·usare·<code·class="command">su</code>·per·diventare |
| 78 | ······<code·class="systemitem">root</code>,·puoi·entrare·come·<code·class="systemitem">root</code>·e | 78 | ······<code·class="systemitem">root</code>,·puoi·entrare·come·<code·class="systemitem">root</code>·e |
| 79 | ······modificare·il·file·<code·class="filename">/etc/group</code>,·aggiungendo | 79 | ······modificare·il·file·<code·class="filename">/etc/group</code>,·aggiungendo |
| 80 | ······<code·class="systemitem">jack</code>·alla·prima·linea·(il·gruppo | 80 | ······<code·class="systemitem">jack</code>·alla·prima·linea·(il·gruppo |
| 81 | ······<code·class="systemitem">wheel</code>).··Ma·prima·devi·fare·pratica·con | 81 | ······<code·class="systemitem">wheel</code>).··Ma·prima·devi·fare·pratica·con |
| 82 | ······<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vi&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">vi</span>(1)</span></a>,·l'editor·di·testo-oppure·usa·il·più·semplice | 82 | ······<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=vi&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">vi</span>(1)</span></a>,·l'editor·di·testo-oppure·usa·il·più·semplice |
| 83 | ······<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">ee</span>(1)</span></a>,·installato·sulle·recenti·versioni·di·FreeBSD.</p><p>Per·cancellare·un·utente,·usa·il·comando | 83 | ······<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ee&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">ee</span>(1)</span></a>,·installato·sulle·recenti·versioni·di·FreeBSD.</p><p>Per·cancellare·un·utente,·usa·il·comando |
| 84 | ······<code·class="command">rmuser</code>.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp677 | 84 | ······<code·class="command">rmuser</code>.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp67768888"></a>3. Diamoci·un'occhiata·in·giro</h2></div></div></div><p>Una·volta·avuto·accesso·come·utente·normale,·guardati·in·giro·e·prova |
| 85 | ······alcuni·dei·comandi·che·ti·daranno·accesso·alle·fonti·di·aiuto·e·di | 85 | ······alcuni·dei·comandi·che·ti·daranno·accesso·alle·fonti·di·aiuto·e·di |
| 86 | ······informazioni·su·FreeBSD.</p><p>Ecco·qui·una·lista·di·comandi·e·le·loro·funzioni:</p><div·class="variablelist"><dl·class="variablelist"><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">id</code></span></dt><dd><p>Ti·dice·chi·sei!</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">pwd</code></span></dt><dd><p>Ti·mostra·dove·sei-la·directory·in·cui·stai | 86 | ······informazioni·su·FreeBSD.</p><p>Ecco·qui·una·lista·di·comandi·e·le·loro·funzioni:</p><div·class="variablelist"><dl·class="variablelist"><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">id</code></span></dt><dd><p>Ti·dice·chi·sei!</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">pwd</code></span></dt><dd><p>Ti·mostra·dove·sei-la·directory·in·cui·stai |
| 87 | ············lavorando.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ls</code></span></dt><dd><p>Ti·mostra·una·lista·dei·file·contenuti·nella·directory.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ls·-F</code></span></dt><dd><p>Ti·mostra·un·elenco·dei·file·contenuti·nella·directory·ponendo | 87 | ············lavorando.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ls</code></span></dt><dd><p>Ti·mostra·una·lista·dei·file·contenuti·nella·directory.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ls·-F</code></span></dt><dd><p>Ti·mostra·un·elenco·dei·file·contenuti·nella·directory·ponendo |
| 88 | ············<code·class="literal">*</code>·dopo·i·file·eseguibili, | 88 | ············<code·class="literal">*</code>·dopo·i·file·eseguibili, |
| 89 | ············<code·class="literal">/</code>·dopo·le·directory,·e | 89 | ············<code·class="literal">/</code>·dopo·le·directory,·e |
| 90 | ············<code·class="literal">@</code>·dopo·i·collegamenti·simbolici.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ls·-l</code></span></dt><dd><p>Mostra·un·elenco·di·file·nel·formato·lungo-grandezza, | 90 | ············<code·class="literal">@</code>·dopo·i·collegamenti·simbolici.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ls·-l</code></span></dt><dd><p>Mostra·un·elenco·di·file·nel·formato·lungo-grandezza, |
| 91 | ············data,·permessi.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ls·-a</code></span></dt><dd><p>Mostra·una·lista·dei·file·nascosti,·cioè·con·un | 91 | ············data,·permessi.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ls·-a</code></span></dt><dd><p>Mostra·una·lista·dei·file·nascosti,·cioè·con·un |
| Offset 117, 15 lines modified | Offset 117, 15 lines modified | ||
| 117 | ··············.login</code>,·<code·class="command">cat | 117 | ··············.login</code>,·<code·class="command">cat |
| 118 | ··············.profile</code>.</p></dd></dl></div><p>Noterai·degli·alias·in·<code·class="filename">.cshrc</code>·per | 118 | ··············.profile</code>.</p></dd></dl></div><p>Noterai·degli·alias·in·<code·class="filename">.cshrc</code>·per |
| 119 | ······alcuni·dei·comandi·<code·class="command">ls</code>·(sono·molto | 119 | ······alcuni·dei·comandi·<code·class="command">ls</code>·(sono·molto |
| 120 | ······convenienti).··Puoi·creare·degli·altri·alias·modificando | 120 | ······convenienti).··Puoi·creare·degli·altri·alias·modificando |
| 121 | ······<code·class="filename">.cshrc</code>.··Puoi·far·sì·che·questi·alias | 121 | ······<code·class="filename">.cshrc</code>.··Puoi·far·sì·che·questi·alias |
| 122 | ······diventino·disponibili·a·tutti·gli·utenti·mettendoli·nel·file | 122 | ······diventino·disponibili·a·tutti·gli·utenti·mettendoli·nel·file |
| 123 | ······di·configurazione·generale·di·<code·class="command">csh</code>, | 123 | ······di·configurazione·generale·di·<code·class="command">csh</code>, |
| 124 | ······<code·class="filename">/etc/csh.cshrc</code>.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp67 | 124 | ······<code·class="filename">/etc/csh.cshrc</code>.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp67873592"></a>4. Ottenere·Aiuto·e·Informazioni</h2></div></div></div><p>Ecco·alcune·risorse·utili·per·ottenere·aiuto. |
| 125 | ······<em·class="replaceable"><code>Testo</code></em>·è·qualcosa·che·puoi | 125 | ······<em·class="replaceable"><code>Testo</code></em>·è·qualcosa·che·puoi |
| 126 | ······digitare·a·tuo·piacere-normalmente·si·tratta·di·un·comando | 126 | ······digitare·a·tuo·piacere-normalmente·si·tratta·di·un·comando |
| 127 | ······o·del·nome·di·un·file.</p><div·class="variablelist"><dl·class="variablelist"><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">apropos | 127 | ······o·del·nome·di·un·file.</p><div·class="variablelist"><dl·class="variablelist"><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">apropos |
| 128 | ············testo</code></span></dt><dd><p>Tutto·ciò·che·contiene·la·stringa | 128 | ············testo</code></span></dt><dd><p>Tutto·ciò·che·contiene·la·stringa |
| 129 | ············<em·class="replaceable"><code>testo</code></em>·nel·<span·class="database">database | 129 | ············<em·class="replaceable"><code>testo</code></em>·nel·<span·class="database">database |
| 130 | ··············whatis</span>.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">man | 130 | ··············whatis</span>.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">man |
| 131 | ············testo</code></span></dt><dd><p>Mostra·la·pagina·man·di·<em·class="replaceable"><code>testo</code></em>, | 131 | ············testo</code></span></dt><dd><p>Mostra·la·pagina·man·di·<em·class="replaceable"><code>testo</code></em>, |
| Offset 191, 15 lines modified | Offset 191, 15 lines modified | ||
| 191 | ······dedicare·troppo·spazio·all'uso·dei·menu·nei·windows·manager.··Potresti | 191 | ······dedicare·troppo·spazio·all'uso·dei·menu·nei·windows·manager.··Potresti |
| 192 | ······voler·leggere·uno·dei·più·interessanti·libri·sull'amministrazione | 192 | ······voler·leggere·uno·dei·più·interessanti·libri·sull'amministrazione |
| 193 | ······di·sistema,·come·<em·class="citetitle">UNIX·System·Administration | 193 | ······di·sistema,·come·<em·class="citetitle">UNIX·System·Administration |
| 194 | ········Handbook</em>·di·Evi·Nemeth·et.al.·(Prentice-Hall,·1995, | 194 | ········Handbook</em>·di·Evi·Nemeth·et.al.·(Prentice-Hall,·1995, |
| 195 | ······ISBN·0-13-15051-7)-la·seconda·edizione·con·la·copertina·rossa; | 195 | ······ISBN·0-13-15051-7)-la·seconda·edizione·con·la·copertina·rossa; |
| 196 | ······oppure·<em·class="citetitle">Essential·System·Administration</em>·di | 196 | ······oppure·<em·class="citetitle">Essential·System·Administration</em>·di |
| 197 | ······Æleen·Frisch·(O'Reilly·&·Associates,·2002,·ISBN·0-596-00343-9). | 197 | ······Æleen·Frisch·(O'Reilly·&·Associates,·2002,·ISBN·0-596-00343-9). |
| 198 | ······Io·ho·usato·quello·di·Nemeth.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp680 | 198 | ······Io·ho·usato·quello·di·Nemeth.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp68033080"></a>5. Modificare·File·di·Testo</h2></div></div></div><p>Per·poter·configurare·il·tuo·sistema,·devi·modificare·dei·file.··Molti |
| 199 | ······di·questi·saranno·in·<code·class="filename">/etc</code>;·e·avrai·bisogno | 199 | ······di·questi·saranno·in·<code·class="filename">/etc</code>;·e·avrai·bisogno |
| 200 | ······del·comando·<code·class="command">su</code>·per·diventare·<code·class="systemitem">root</code> | 200 | ······del·comando·<code·class="command">su</code>·per·diventare·<code·class="systemitem">root</code> |
| 201 | ······e·poter·così·modificarli.··Puoi·usare·il·semplice·editor | 201 | ······e·poter·così·modificarli.··Puoi·usare·il·semplice·editor |
| 202 | ······<code·class="command">ee</code>,·ma·alla·lunga·risulta·più·utile·imparare | 202 | ······<code·class="command">ee</code>,·ma·alla·lunga·risulta·più·utile·imparare |
| 203 | ······<code·class="command">vi</code>.··C'é·un·eccellente·tutorial·su | 203 | ······<code·class="command">vi</code>.··C'é·un·eccellente·tutorial·su |
| 204 | ······<code·class="command">vi</code>·in | 204 | ······<code·class="command">vi</code>·in |
| 205 | ······<code·class="filename">/usr/src/contrib/nvi/docs/tutorial</code>·se·hai·installato | 205 | ······<code·class="filename">/usr/src/contrib/nvi/docs/tutorial</code>·se·hai·installato |
| Offset 246, 15 lines modified | Offset 246, 15 lines modified | ||
| 246 | ······<code·class="systemitem">root</code>,·<code·class="command">vi</code>·per·modificare·il·file | 246 | ······<code·class="systemitem">root</code>,·<code·class="command">vi</code>·per·modificare·il·file |
| 247 | ······<code·class="filename">/etc/group</code>,·e·aggiungere·un·utente·al·gruppo | 247 | ······<code·class="filename">/etc/group</code>,·e·aggiungere·un·utente·al·gruppo |
| 248 | ······<code·class="systemitem">wheel</code>·cosicché·possa·avere·privilegi·di | 248 | ······<code·class="systemitem">wheel</code>·cosicché·possa·avere·privilegi·di |
| 249 | ······<code·class="systemitem">root</code>.··Aggiungi·solo·una·virgola·e·il·nome·di·login | 249 | ······<code·class="systemitem">root</code>.··Aggiungi·solo·una·virgola·e·il·nome·di·login |
| 250 | ······dell'utente·alla·fine·della·prima·riga·del·file,·premi | 250 | ······dell'utente·alla·fine·della·prima·riga·del·file,·premi |
| 251 | ······<span·class="keycap"><strong>Esc</strong></span>,·e·usa·<code·class="command">:wq</code>·per·salvare | 251 | ······<span·class="keycap"><strong>Esc</strong></span>,·e·usa·<code·class="command">:wq</code>·per·salvare |
| 252 | ······il·file·su·disco·e·uscire.··La·modifica·ha·effetto·immediato.··(Non·hai | 252 | ······il·file·su·disco·e·uscire.··La·modifica·ha·effetto·immediato.··(Non·hai |
| 253 | ······lasciato·uno·spazio·dopo·la·virgola,·vero?)</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp682 | 253 | ······lasciato·uno·spazio·dopo·la·virgola,·vero?)</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp68224568"></a>6. Stampa·di·File·da·DOS</h2></div></div></div><p>A·questo·punto·la·tua·stampante·non·funzionerà·ancora·sotto |
| 254 | ······FreeBSD,·ecco·quindi·un·sistema·per·creare·un·file·da·una·pagina·man, | 254 | ······FreeBSD,·ecco·quindi·un·sistema·per·creare·un·file·da·una·pagina·man, |
| 255 | ······metterlo·su·un·floppy,·e·quindi·stamparlo·da·DOS.··Supponiamo·che·tu | 255 | ······metterlo·su·un·floppy,·e·quindi·stamparlo·da·DOS.··Supponiamo·che·tu |
| 256 | ······voglia·leggere·attentamente·come·cambiare·i·permessi·sui·file·(abbastanza | 256 | ······voglia·leggere·attentamente·come·cambiare·i·permessi·sui·file·(abbastanza |
| 257 | ······importante).·Puoi·usare·<code·class="command">man·chmod</code>·per·leggere·come | 257 | ······importante).·Puoi·usare·<code·class="command">man·chmod</code>·per·leggere·come |
| 258 | ······fare.·Il·comando</p><div·class="informalexample"><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>man·chmod·|·col·-b·>·chmod.txt</code></strong></pre></div><p>toglierà·gli·elementi·di·formattazione·e·manderà·il | 258 | ······fare.·Il·comando</p><div·class="informalexample"><pre·class="screen"><code·class="prompt">%</code>·<strong·class="userinput"><code>man·chmod·|·col·-b·>·chmod.txt</code></strong></pre></div><p>toglierà·gli·elementi·di·formattazione·e·manderà·il |
| 259 | ······tutto·sul·file·<code·class="filename">chmod.txt</code>·al·posto·di·mostrare·il | 259 | ······tutto·sul·file·<code·class="filename">chmod.txt</code>·al·posto·di·mostrare·il |
| 260 | ······contenuto·sullo·schermo.··Ora·metti·un·dischetto·formattato·DOS·nel | 260 | ······contenuto·sullo·schermo.··Ora·metti·un·dischetto·formattato·DOS·nel |
| Offset 288, 15 lines modified | Offset 288, 15 lines modified | ||
| 288 | ······<span·class="hardware">LPT1</span>),·devi·solo·andare·in | 288 | ······<span·class="hardware">LPT1</span>),·devi·solo·andare·in |
| 289 | ······<code·class="filename">/var/spool/output</code>·e·(da·<code·class="systemitem">root</code>) | 289 | ······<code·class="filename">/var/spool/output</code>·e·(da·<code·class="systemitem">root</code>) |
| 290 | ······creare·la·directory·<code·class="filename">lpd</code>·digitando:·<code·class="command">mkdir | 290 | ······creare·la·directory·<code·class="filename">lpd</code>·digitando:·<code·class="command">mkdir |
| 291 | ········lpd</code>,·se·non·è·già·presente.··A·quel·punto·la | 291 | ········lpd</code>,·se·non·è·già·presente.··A·quel·punto·la |
| 292 | ······stampante·dovrebbe·rispondere·quando·il·sistema·parte,·e | 292 | ······stampante·dovrebbe·rispondere·quando·il·sistema·parte,·e |
| 293 | ······<code·class="command">lp</code>·o·<code·class="command">lpr</code>·dovrebbero·mandare·un | 293 | ······<code·class="command">lp</code>·o·<code·class="command">lpr</code>·dovrebbero·mandare·un |
| 294 | ······file·alla·stampante.··Che·il·file·venga·stampato·o·meno·è·solo | 294 | ······file·alla·stampante.··Che·il·file·venga·stampato·o·meno·è·solo |
| 295 | ······questione·di·configurazione,·che·è·discussa·nel·<a·class="link"·href="../../../../doc/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/handbook/index.html"·target="_top">Manuale·di·FreeBSD</a>.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp683 | 295 | ······questione·di·configurazione,·che·è·discussa·nel·<a·class="link"·href="../../../../doc/it_IT.ISO8859-15/books/handbook/index.html"·target="_top">Manuale·di·FreeBSD</a>.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp68340536"></a>7. Altri·Comandi·Utili</h2></div></div></div><div·class="variablelist"><dl·class="variablelist"><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">df</code></span></dt><dd><p>mostra·lo·spazio·disponibile·e·tutte·le·partizioni |
| 296 | ············montate.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ps·aux</code></span></dt><dd><p>mostra·i·processi·in·esecuzione.··<code·class="command">ps·ax</code> | 296 | ············montate.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ps·aux</code></span></dt><dd><p>mostra·i·processi·in·esecuzione.··<code·class="command">ps·ax</code> |
| 297 | ············è·una·forma·contratta.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">rm·nomefile</code></span></dt><dd><p>cancella·<em·class="replaceable"><code>nomefile</code></em>.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">rm·-R·dir</code></span></dt><dd><p>cancella·la·directory·<em·class="replaceable"><code>dir</code></em>·e·tutte·le | 297 | ············è·una·forma·contratta.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">rm·nomefile</code></span></dt><dd><p>cancella·<em·class="replaceable"><code>nomefile</code></em>.</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">rm·-R·dir</code></span></dt><dd><p>cancella·la·directory·<em·class="replaceable"><code>dir</code></em>·e·tutte·le |
| 298 | ············sottodirectory-attenzione!</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ls·-R</code></span></dt><dd><p>mostra·il·contenuto·della·directory·e·delle·sue | 298 | ············sottodirectory-attenzione!</p></dd><dt><span·class="term"><code·class="command">ls·-R</code></span></dt><dd><p>mostra·il·contenuto·della·directory·e·delle·sue |
| 299 | ············sottodirectory;·io·usavo·una·variante,·<code·class="command">ls·-AFR·> | 299 | ············sottodirectory;·io·usavo·una·variante,·<code·class="command">ls·-AFR·> |
| 300 | ··············where.txt</code>,·per·avere·una·lista·dei·file·in | 300 | ··············where.txt</code>,·per·avere·una·lista·dei·file·in |
| 301 | ············<code·class="filename">/</code>·e·(separatamente) | 301 | ············<code·class="filename">/</code>·e·(separatamente) |
| 302 | ············<code·class="filename">/usr</code>·prima·che·scoprissi·dei·metodi·migliori | 302 | ············<code·class="filename">/usr</code>·prima·che·scoprissi·dei·metodi·migliori |
| Offset 306, 15 lines modified | Offset 306, 15 lines modified | ||
| 306 | ······<em·class="parameter"><code>"<em·class="replaceable"><code>nomefile</code></em>"</code></em> | 306 | ······<em·class="parameter"><code>"<em·class="replaceable"><code>nomefile</code></em>"</code></em> |
| 307 | ······(che·dovrebbe·essere·tra·virgolette).··Se·dici·a | 307 | ······(che·dovrebbe·essere·tra·virgolette).··Se·dici·a |
| 308 | ······<code·class="command">find</code>·di·cercare·in·<code·class="filename">/</code> | 308 | ······<code·class="command">find</code>·di·cercare·in·<code·class="filename">/</code> |
| 309 | ······anziché·<code·class="filename">/usr</code>·cercherà·il/i·file·su | 309 | ······anziché·<code·class="filename">/usr</code>·cercherà·il/i·file·su |
| 310 | ······tutti·i·file·system·montati,·inclusi·i·CDROM·e·le·partizioni·DOS.</p><p>Un·libro·eccellente·che·tratta·i·comandi·e·le·utility·di·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>® | 310 | ······tutti·i·file·system·montati,·inclusi·i·CDROM·e·le·partizioni·DOS.</p><p>Un·libro·eccellente·che·tratta·i·comandi·e·le·utility·di·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>® |
| 311 | ······è·<em·class="citetitle">Unix·for·the·Impatient</em>·di·Abrahams·& | 311 | ······è·<em·class="citetitle">Unix·for·the·Impatient</em>·di·Abrahams·& |
| 312 | ······Larson·(2nd·ed.,·Addison-Wesley,·1996). | 312 | ······Larson·(2nd·ed.,·Addison-Wesley,·1996). |
| 313 | ······Ci·sono·anche·un·sacco·di·informazioni·su·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®·su·Internet.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp684 | 313 | ······Ci·sono·anche·un·sacco·di·informazioni·su·<span·class="trademark">UNIX</span>®·su·Internet.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp68434744"></a>8. Prossimi·Passi</h2></div></div></div><p>Dovresti·ora·avere·gli·strumenti·necessari·per·girare·nel·sistema·e |
| 314 | ······modificare·i·file,·così·da·poter·rendere·tutto·funzionante.··Ci | 314 | ······modificare·i·file,·così·da·poter·rendere·tutto·funzionante.··Ci |
| 315 | ······sono·un·sacco·di·informazioni·nel·Manuale·di·FreeBSD·(che·è | 315 | ······sono·un·sacco·di·informazioni·nel·Manuale·di·FreeBSD·(che·è |
| 316 | ······probabilmente·sul·tuo·disco·rigido)·e·sul·<a·class="link"·href="../../../../it/index.html"·target="_top">sito·web·di·FreeBSD</a>.··Una | 316 | ······probabilmente·sul·tuo·disco·rigido)·e·sul·<a·class="link"·href="../../../../it/index.html"·target="_top">sito·web·di·FreeBSD</a>.··Una |
| 317 | ······grande·scelta·di·package·e·port·è·presente·sul·CDROM·così | 317 | ······grande·scelta·di·package·e·port·è·presente·sul·CDROM·così |
| 318 | ······come·sul·sito·web.··Il·manuale·ti·spiega·come·usarli | 318 | ······come·sul·sito·web.··Il·manuale·ti·spiega·come·usarli |
| 319 | ······(prendi·il·package·se·esiste,·con·<code·class="command">pkg_add | 319 | ······(prendi·il·package·se·esiste,·con·<code·class="command">pkg_add |
| 320 | ······/cdrom/packages/All/nomepackage</code>, | 320 | ······/cdrom/packages/All/nomepackage</code>, |
| Offset 394, 15 lines modified | Offset 394, 15 lines modified | ||
| 394 | ······<code·class="filename">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11</code>;·se·non·lo·sono,·trovale | 394 | ······<code·class="filename">/usr/X11R6/lib/X11</code>;·se·non·lo·sono,·trovale |
| 395 | ······e·mettile·lì.</p><p>Se·hai·originariamente·installato·<span·class="trademark">Netscape</span>®·dal·CDROM·(o·via | 395 | ······e·mettile·lì.</p><p>Se·hai·originariamente·installato·<span·class="trademark">Netscape</span>®·dal·CDROM·(o·via |
| 396 | ······FTP),·non·sostituire·<code·class="filename">/usr/local/bin/netscape</code> | 396 | ······FTP),·non·sostituire·<code·class="filename">/usr/local/bin/netscape</code> |
| 397 | ······con·il·nuovo·binario·di·netscape;·questo·è·solo·uno·script·di·shell | 397 | ······con·il·nuovo·binario·di·netscape;·questo·è·solo·uno·script·di·shell |
| 398 | ······che·imposta·le·variabili·di·ambiente·per·te.··Rinomina·invece | 398 | ······che·imposta·le·variabili·di·ambiente·per·te.··Rinomina·invece |
| 399 | ······il·nuovo·binario·in·<code·class="filename">netscape.bin</code>·e·rimpiazza·il | 399 | ······il·nuovo·binario·in·<code·class="filename">netscape.bin</code>·e·rimpiazza·il |
| 400 | ······vecchio·binario,·che·dovrebbe·essere | 400 | ······vecchio·binario,·che·dovrebbe·essere |
| 401 | ······<code·class="filename">/usr/local/netscape/netscape</code>.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp685 | 401 | ······<code·class="filename">/usr/local/netscape/netscape</code>.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp68536376"></a>9. Il·tuo·Ambiente·di·Lavoro</h2></div></div></div><p>La·shell·è·la·parte·più·importante·del·tuo·ambiente |
| 402 | ······di·lavoro.··In·DOS,·la·shell·è·solitamente·command.com.··La·shell | 402 | ······di·lavoro.··In·DOS,·la·shell·è·solitamente·command.com.··La·shell |
| 403 | ······è·ciò·che·interpreta·i·comandi·che·digiti·sulla·linea·di | 403 | ······è·ciò·che·interpreta·i·comandi·che·digiti·sulla·linea·di |
| 404 | ······comando,·e·quindi·comunica·con·il·resto·del·sistema·operativo. | 404 | ······comando,·e·quindi·comunica·con·il·resto·del·sistema·operativo. |
| 405 | ······Puoi·anche·scrivere·script·di·shell,·che·sono·come·i·file·batch·di | 405 | ······Puoi·anche·scrivere·script·di·shell,·che·sono·come·i·file·batch·di |
| 406 | ······DOS:·una·serie·di·comandi·che·devono·essere·eseguiti·senza·il·tuo | 406 | ······DOS:·una·serie·di·comandi·che·devono·essere·eseguiti·senza·il·tuo |
| 407 | ······intervento.</p><p>Due·shell·vengono·normalmente·installate·con·FreeBSD: | 407 | ······intervento.</p><p>Due·shell·vengono·normalmente·installate·con·FreeBSD: |
| 408 | ······<code·class="command">csh</code>·e·<code·class="command">sh</code>. | 408 | ······<code·class="command">csh</code>·e·<code·class="command">sh</code>. |
| Offset 458, 15 lines modified | Offset 458, 15 lines modified | ||
| 458 | ······Puoi·far·rileggere·<code·class="filename">.tcshrc</code>·digitando | 458 | ······Puoi·far·rileggere·<code·class="filename">.tcshrc</code>·digitando |
| 459 | ······<code·class="command">source·.tcshrc</code>.</p><p>Puoi·avere·una·lista·delle·variabili·di·sistema·che·sono·state | 459 | ······<code·class="command">source·.tcshrc</code>.</p><p>Puoi·avere·una·lista·delle·variabili·di·sistema·che·sono·state |
| 460 | ······impostate·digitando·<code·class="command">env</code>·al·prompt. | 460 | ······impostate·digitando·<code·class="command">env</code>·al·prompt. |
| 461 | ······Il·risultato·ti·mostrerà·il·tuo·editor·di·default,·il·pager,·e·il | 461 | ······Il·risultato·ti·mostrerà·il·tuo·editor·di·default,·il·pager,·e·il |
| 462 | ······tipo·di·terminale,·tra·le·altre·possibili·variabili.··Un·comando | 462 | ······tipo·di·terminale,·tra·le·altre·possibili·variabili.··Un·comando |
| 463 | ······utile·se·ti·connetti·al·sistema·da·una·postazione·remota·e·non·riesci·ad | 463 | ······utile·se·ti·connetti·al·sistema·da·una·postazione·remota·e·non·riesci·ad |
| 464 | ······eseguire·un·programma·perché·il·terminale·non·ne·è·capace | 464 | ······eseguire·un·programma·perché·il·terminale·non·ne·è·capace |
| 465 | ······è·<code·class="command">setenv·TERM·vt100</code>.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp686 | 465 | ······è·<code·class="command">setenv·TERM·vt100</code>.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp68648888"></a>10. Altro</h2></div></div></div><p>Da·<code·class="command">tcsh</code>·puoi·smontare·il·CDROM·con |
| 466 | ······<code·class="command">/sbin/umount·/cdrom</code>,·toglilo·dal·lettore, | 466 | ······<code·class="command">/sbin/umount·/cdrom</code>,·toglilo·dal·lettore, |
| 467 | ······inseriscine·un·altro,·e·montalo·con | 467 | ······inseriscine·un·altro,·e·montalo·con |
| 468 | ······<code·class="command">/sbin/mount_cd9660·/dev/cd0a·/cdrom</code>·assumendo·che | 468 | ······<code·class="command">/sbin/mount_cd9660·/dev/cd0a·/cdrom</code>·assumendo·che |
| 469 | ······<span·class="hardware">cd0a</span>·sia·il·nome·di·dispositivo·del·tuo·lettore·di | 469 | ······<span·class="hardware">cd0a</span>·sia·il·nome·di·dispositivo·del·tuo·lettore·di |
| 470 | ······CDROM.··La·versione·più·recente·di·FreeBSD·ti·permette·di·montare | 470 | ······CDROM.··La·versione·più·recente·di·FreeBSD·ti·permette·di·montare |
| 471 | ······il·CDROM·solo·con·<code·class="command">/sbin/mount·/cdrom</code>.</p><p>Usare·il·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">live·file·system</span>»</span>-il·secondo·cd·del·set | 471 | ······il·CDROM·solo·con·<code·class="command">/sbin/mount·/cdrom</code>.</p><p>Usare·il·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">live·file·system</span>»</span>-il·secondo·cd·del·set |
| 472 | ······di·FreeBSD-è | 472 | ······di·FreeBSD-è |
| Offset 474, 14 lines modified | Offset 474, 14 lines modified | ||
| 474 | ······sul·live·file·system·cambia·da·release·a·release.··Potresti | 474 | ······sul·live·file·system·cambia·da·release·a·release.··Potresti |
| 475 | ······provare·ad·eseguire·dei·giochi·dal·CDROM.··Questo·comporta·l'uso·di | 475 | ······provare·ad·eseguire·dei·giochi·dal·CDROM.··Questo·comporta·l'uso·di |
| 476 | ······<code·class="command">lndir</code>,·che·viene·installato·con·l'X·Window | 476 | ······<code·class="command">lndir</code>,·che·viene·installato·con·l'X·Window |
| 477 | ······System,·per·dire·ai·programmi·dove·trovare·i·file·necessari,·poiché | 477 | ······System,·per·dire·ai·programmi·dove·trovare·i·file·necessari,·poiché |
| 478 | ······questi·si·trovano·nel·file·system·<code·class="filename">/cdrom</code> | 478 | ······questi·si·trovano·nel·file·system·<code·class="filename">/cdrom</code> |
| 479 | ······anziché·<code·class="filename">/usr</code>·e·le·sue | 479 | ······anziché·<code·class="filename">/usr</code>·e·le·sue |
| 480 | ······sottodirectory,·che·è·dove·dovrebbero·essere.··Leggi | 480 | ······sottodirectory,·che·è·dove·dovrebbero·essere.··Leggi |
| 481 | ······<code·class="command">man·lndir</code>·per·avere·più·informazioni.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp68 | 481 | ······<code·class="command">man·lndir</code>·per·avere·più·informazioni.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="idp68664760"></a>11. I·Commenti·sono·Benvenuti</h2></div></div></div><p>Se·usi·questa·guida,·sarei·interessata·a·sapere·dove·non·è |
| 482 | ······chiara,·ciò·che·è·stato·tralasciato·e·che·vorresti·venisse | 482 | ······chiara,·ciò·che·è·stato·tralasciato·e·che·vorresti·venisse |
| 483 | ······incluso,·e·sapere·se·tutto·ciò·è·stato·utile.··I·miei | 483 | ······incluso,·e·sapere·se·tutto·ciò·è·stato·utile.··I·miei |
| 484 | ······ringraziamenti·vanno·a·Eugene·W.·Stark,·professore·di·informatica·a | 484 | ······ringraziamenti·vanno·a·Eugene·W.·Stark,·professore·di·informatica·a |
| 485 | ······SUNY-Stony·Brook,·e·John·Fieber·per·i·suoi·utili·commenti.</p><p>Annelise·Anderson,·<code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu">andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu</a>></code></p><p>Per·questioni·legate·alla·traduzione,·o·se·avete·commenti·da·poter | 485 | ······SUNY-Stony·Brook,·e·John·Fieber·per·i·suoi·utili·commenti.</p><p>Annelise·Anderson,·<code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu">andrsn@andrsn.stanford.edu</a>></code></p><p>Per·questioni·legate·alla·traduzione,·o·se·avete·commenti·da·poter |
| 486 | ······esprimere·solo·in·italiano,·non·esitate·a·contattarmi.··Come·per·l'autrice | 486 | ······esprimere·solo·in·italiano,·non·esitate·a·contattarmi.··Come·per·l'autrice |
| 487 | ······originale,·ogni·genere·di·commenti·è·ben·accetto.</p><p>Massimiliano·Stucchi,·<code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:stucchi@willystudios.com">stucchi@willystudios.com</a>></code></p></div></div></body></html> | 487 | ······originale,·ogni·genere·di·commenti·è·ben·accetto.</p><p>Massimiliano·Stucchi,·<code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:stucchi@willystudios.com">stucchi@willystudios.com</a>></code></p></div></div></body></html> |
| Offset 1, 9 lines modified | Offset 1, 9 lines modified | ||
| 1 | <?xml·version="1.0"·encoding="iso-8859-1"?> | 1 | <?xml·version="1.0"·encoding="iso-8859-1"?> |
| 2 | <!DOCTYPE·html·PUBLIC·"-//W3C//DTD·XHTML·1.0·Transitional//EN"·"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta·http-equiv="Content-Type"·content="text/html;·charset=iso-8859-1"·/><title>Elementi·di·progettazione·del·sistema·di·VM·di·FreeBSD</title><link·rel="stylesheet"·type="text/css"·href="docbook.css"·/><link·rev="made"·href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org"·/><meta·name="generator"·content="DocBook·XSL·Stylesheets·V1.78.1"·/><meta·name="description"·content="Il·titolo·è·in·realtà·solo·un·modo·complicato·per·dire·che·cercherò·di·descrivere·l'intera·enchilada·della·memoria·virtuale·(VM),·sperando·di·farlo·in·una·maniera·che·chiunque·possa·seguire.·Nell'ultimo·anno·mi·sono·concentrato·su·un·certo·numero·di·sottosistemi·principali·del·kernel·in·FreeBSD,·trovando·quelli·della·VM·(la·memoria·virtuale)·e·dello·Swap·i·più·interessanti,·e·considerando·quello·di·NFS·un·lavoretto·necessario.·Ho·riscritto·solo·piccole·porzioni·di·quel·codice.·Nell'arena·della·VM·✂ | 2 | <!DOCTYPE·html·PUBLIC·"-//W3C//DTD·XHTML·1.0·Transitional//EN"·"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta·http-equiv="Content-Type"·content="text/html;·charset=iso-8859-1"·/><title>Elementi·di·progettazione·del·sistema·di·VM·di·FreeBSD</title><link·rel="stylesheet"·type="text/css"·href="docbook.css"·/><link·rev="made"·href="mailto:doc@FreeBSD.org"·/><meta·name="generator"·content="DocBook·XSL·Stylesheets·V1.78.1"·/><meta·name="description"·content="Il·titolo·è·in·realtà·solo·un·modo·complicato·per·dire·che·cercherò·di·descrivere·l'intera·enchilada·della·memoria·virtuale·(VM),·sperando·di·farlo·in·una·maniera·che·chiunque·possa·seguire.·Nell'ultimo·anno·mi·sono·concentrato·su·un·certo·numero·di·sottosistemi·principali·del·kernel·in·FreeBSD,·trovando·quelli·della·VM·(la·memoria·virtuale)·e·dello·Swap·i·più·interessanti,·e·considerando·quello·di·NFS·un·lavoretto·necessario.·Ho·riscritto·solo·piccole·porzioni·di·quel·codice.·Nell'arena·della·VM·✂ |
| 3 | <code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:dillon@apollo.backplane.com">dillon@apollo.backplane.com</a>></code><br·/> | 3 | <code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:dillon@apollo.backplane.com">dillon@apollo.backplane.com</a>></code><br·/> |
| 4 | </p></div></div></div></div></div><div>Revisione:·<a·href="https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43184"><span·class="svnref">43184</span></a></div><div><div·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="legalnotice"><a·id="trademarks"></a><p>FreeBSD·è·un·marchio·registrato·della | 4 | </p></div></div></div></div></div><div>Revisione:·<a·href="https://svnweb.freebsd.org/changeset/doc/43184"><span·class="svnref">43184</span></a></div><div><div·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="legalnotice"><a·id="trademarks"></a><p>FreeBSD·è·un·marchio·registrato·della |
| 5 | ··FreeBSD·Foundation.</p><p>Linux·è·un·marchio·registrato·di | 5 | ··FreeBSD·Foundation.</p><p>Linux·è·un·marchio·registrato·di |
| 6 | ··Linus·Torvalds.</p><p>Microsoft,·IntelliMouse, | 6 | ··Linus·Torvalds.</p><p>Microsoft,·IntelliMouse, |
| 7 | ··MS-DOS,·Outlook,·Windows,·Windows·Media·e·Windows·NT·sono·marchi·o·marchi | 7 | ··MS-DOS,·Outlook,·Windows,·Windows·Media·e·Windows·NT·sono·marchi·o·marchi |
| 8 | ··registrati·della·Microsoft·Corporation·negli·Stati·Uniti·e/o·in·altri | 8 | ··registrati·della·Microsoft·Corporation·negli·Stati·Uniti·e/o·in·altri |
| 9 | ··paesi.</p><p>Motif,·OSF/1,·e·UNIX·sono·marchi | 9 | ··paesi.</p><p>Motif,·OSF/1,·e·UNIX·sono·marchi |
| Offset 112, 15 lines modified | Offset 112, 15 lines modified | ||
| 112 | ······è·guardandolo·dalla·prospettiva·di·un·processo·a·livello | 112 | ······è·guardandolo·dalla·prospettiva·di·un·processo·a·livello |
| 113 | ······utente.··Ogni·processo·utente·vede·uno·spazio·di·indirizzamento·della·VM | 113 | ······utente.··Ogni·processo·utente·vede·uno·spazio·di·indirizzamento·della·VM |
| 114 | ······singolo,·privato·e·contiguo,·contenente·molti·tipi·di·oggetti·di·memoria. | 114 | ······singolo,·privato·e·contiguo,·contenente·molti·tipi·di·oggetti·di·memoria. |
| 115 | ······Questi·oggetti·hanno·varie·caratteristiche. | 115 | ······Questi·oggetti·hanno·varie·caratteristiche. |
| 116 | ······Il·codice·del·programma·e·i·dati·del·programma·sono·effettivamente | 116 | ······Il·codice·del·programma·e·i·dati·del·programma·sono·effettivamente |
| 117 | ······un·singolo·file·mappato·in·memoria·(il·file·binario·che·è·stato | 117 | ······un·singolo·file·mappato·in·memoria·(il·file·binario·che·è·stato |
| 118 | ······eseguito),·ma·il·codice·di·programma·è·di·sola·lettura·mentre·i | 118 | ······eseguito),·ma·il·codice·di·programma·è·di·sola·lettura·mentre·i |
| 119 | ······dati·del·programma·sono·copy-on-write·<a·href="#ftn.idp6 | 119 | ······dati·del·programma·sono·copy-on-write·<a·href="#ftn.idp67168440"·class="footnote"·id="idp67168440"><sup·class="footnote">[1]</sup></a>.··Il·BSS·del·programma·è·solamente·una·zona·di·memoria |
| 120 | ······allocata·e·riempita·con·degli·zero·su·richiesta,·detta·in·inglese | 120 | ······allocata·e·riempita·con·degli·zero·su·richiesta,·detta·in·inglese |
| 121 | ······<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">demand·zero·page·fill</span>»</span>. | 121 | ······<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">demand·zero·page·fill</span>»</span>. |
| 122 | ······Nello·spazio·di·indirizzamento·possono·essere·mappati·anche·file | 122 | ······Nello·spazio·di·indirizzamento·possono·essere·mappati·anche·file |
| 123 | ······arbitrari,·che·è·in·effetti·il·meccanismo·con·il·quale·funzionano | 123 | ······arbitrari,·che·è·in·effetti·il·meccanismo·con·il·quale·funzionano |
| 124 | ······le·librerie·condivise.··Tali·mappature·possono·richiedere·modifiche·per | 124 | ······le·librerie·condivise.··Tali·mappature·possono·richiedere·modifiche·per |
| 125 | ······rimanere·private·rispetto·al·processo·che·le·ha·effettuate. | 125 | ······rimanere·private·rispetto·al·processo·che·le·ha·effettuate. |
| 126 | ······La·chiamata·di·sistema·fork·aggiunge·una·dimensione·completamente·nuova | 126 | ······La·chiamata·di·sistema·fork·aggiunge·una·dimensione·completamente·nuova |
| Offset 157, 26 lines modified | Offset 157, 26 lines modified | ||
| 157 | ······aspetta·che·i·propri·cambiamenti·rimangano·privati·per·loro·e·non·abbiano | 157 | ······aspetta·che·i·propri·cambiamenti·rimangano·privati·per·loro·e·non·abbiano |
| 158 | ······effetti·sugli·altri.</p><p>FreeBSD·gestisce·tutto·ciò·con·un·modello·a·strati·di·oggetti | 158 | ······effetti·sugli·altri.</p><p>FreeBSD·gestisce·tutto·ciò·con·un·modello·a·strati·di·oggetti |
| 159 | ······VM.··Il·file·binario·originale·del·programma·risulta·come·lo·strato·di | 159 | ······VM.··Il·file·binario·originale·del·programma·risulta·come·lo·strato·di |
| 160 | ······Oggetti·VM·più·basso. | 160 | ······Oggetti·VM·più·basso. |
| 161 | ······Un·livello·copy-on-write·viene·messo·sopra·questo·per·mantenere·quelle | 161 | ······Un·livello·copy-on-write·viene·messo·sopra·questo·per·mantenere·quelle |
| 162 | ······pagine·che·sono·state·copiate·dal·file·originale. | 162 | ······pagine·che·sono·state·copiate·dal·file·originale. |
| 163 | ······Se·il·programma·modifica·una·pagina·di·dati·appartenente·al·file·originale | 163 | ······Se·il·programma·modifica·una·pagina·di·dati·appartenente·al·file·originale |
| 164 | ······il·sistema·dell·VM·prende·un·page·fault·<a·href="#ftn.idp6 | 164 | ······il·sistema·dell·VM·prende·un·page·fault·<a·href="#ftn.idp67177272"·class="footnote"·id="idp67177272"><sup·class="footnote">[2]</sup></a>·e·fa·una·copia·della·pagina·nel·livello·più·alto. |
| 165 | ······Quando·un·processo·effettua·una·fork,·vengono·aggiunti·altri·livelli·di | 165 | ······Quando·un·processo·effettua·una·fork,·vengono·aggiunti·altri·livelli·di |
| 166 | ······Oggetti·VM.··Tutto·questo·potrebbe·avere·un·po'·più·senso·con·un | 166 | ······Oggetti·VM.··Tutto·questo·potrebbe·avere·un·po'·più·senso·con·un |
| 167 | ······semplice·esempio. | 167 | ······semplice·esempio. |
| 168 | ······Una·<code·class="function">fork()</code>·è·un'operazione·comune·per·ogni | 168 | ······Una·<code·class="function">fork()</code>·è·un'operazione·comune·per·ogni |
| 169 | ······sistema·*BSD,·dunque·questo·esempio·prenderà·in·considerazione·un | 169 | ······sistema·*BSD,·dunque·questo·esempio·prenderà·in·considerazione·un |
| 170 | ······programma·che·viene·avviato·ed·esegue·una·fork.··Quando·il·processo·viene | 170 | ······programma·che·viene·avviato·ed·esegue·una·fork.··Quando·il·processo·viene |
| 171 | ······avviato,·il·sistema·della·VM·crea·uno·starto·di·oggetti,·chiamiamolo | 171 | ······avviato,·il·sistema·della·VM·crea·uno·starto·di·oggetti,·chiamiamolo |
| 172 | ······A:</p><div·class="mediaobject"><img·src="../../articles/vm-design/fig1.png"·alt="Un'immagine"·/></div><p>A·rappresenta·il·file-le·pagine·possono·essere | 172 | ······A:</p><div·class="mediaobject"><img·src="../../articles/vm-design/fig1.png"·alt="Un'immagine"·/></div><p>A·rappresenta·il·file-le·pagine·possono·essere |
| 173 | ······spostate·dentro·e·fuori·dal·mezzo·fisico·del·file·se·necessario. | 173 | ······spostate·dentro·e·fuori·dal·mezzo·fisico·del·file·se·necessario. |
| 174 | ······Copiare·il·file·dal·disco·è·sensato·per·un·programma, | 174 | ······Copiare·il·file·dal·disco·è·sensato·per·un·programma, |
| 175 | ······ma·di·certo·non·vogliamo·effettuare·il·page·out·<a·href="#ftn.idp67 | 175 | ······ma·di·certo·non·vogliamo·effettuare·il·page·out·<a·href="#ftn.idp67203384"·class="footnote"·id="idp67203384"><sup·class="footnote">[3]</sup></a>·e·sovrascrivere·l'eseguibile. |
| 176 | ······Il·sistema·della·VM·crea·dunque·un·secondo·livello,·B,·che·verrà | 176 | ······Il·sistema·della·VM·crea·dunque·un·secondo·livello,·B,·che·verrà |
| 177 | ······copiato·fisicamente·dallo·spazio·di·swap:</p><div·class="mediaobject"><img·src="../../articles/vm-design/fig2.png"·/></div><p>Dopo·questo,·nella·prima·scrittura·verso·una·pagina,·viene·creata·una | 177 | ······copiato·fisicamente·dallo·spazio·di·swap:</p><div·class="mediaobject"><img·src="../../articles/vm-design/fig2.png"·/></div><p>Dopo·questo,·nella·prima·scrittura·verso·una·pagina,·viene·creata·una |
| 178 | ······nuova·pagina·in·B,·ed·il·suo·contenuto·viene·inizializzato·con·i·dati·di | 178 | ······nuova·pagina·in·B,·ed·il·suo·contenuto·viene·inizializzato·con·i·dati·di |
| 179 | ······A.··Tutte·le·pagine·in·B·possono·essere·spostate·da·e·verso·un·dispositivo | 179 | ······A.··Tutte·le·pagine·in·B·possono·essere·spostate·da·e·verso·un·dispositivo |
| 180 | ······di·swap.··Quando·il·programma·esegue·la·fork,·il·sistema·della·VM·crea | 180 | ······di·swap.··Quando·il·programma·esegue·la·fork,·il·sistema·della·VM·crea |
| 181 | ······due·nuovi·livelli·di·oggetti-C1·per·il·padre·e·C2·per·il | 181 | ······due·nuovi·livelli·di·oggetti-C1·per·il·padre·e·C2·per·il |
| 182 | ······figlio-che·restano·sopra·a·B:</p><div·class="mediaobject"><img·src="../../articles/vm-design/fig3.png"·/></div><p>In·questo·caso,·supponiamo·che·una·pagina·in·B·venga·modificata·dal | 182 | ······figlio-che·restano·sopra·a·B:</p><div·class="mediaobject"><img·src="../../articles/vm-design/fig3.png"·/></div><p>In·questo·caso,·supponiamo·che·una·pagina·in·B·venga·modificata·dal |
| Offset 364, 15 lines modified | Offset 364, 15 lines modified | ||
| 364 | ······determina·quando·le·pagine·sporche·nella·coda·inattiva·devono·essere | 364 | ······determina·quando·le·pagine·sporche·nella·coda·inattiva·devono·essere |
| 365 | ······scritte·su·disco.··Una·volta·che·è·stato·fatto·questo,·le·pagine | 365 | ······scritte·su·disco.··Una·volta·che·è·stato·fatto·questo,·le·pagine |
| 366 | ······ormai·salvate·vengono·spostate·dalla·coda·delle·inattive·alla·coda·di | 366 | ······ormai·salvate·vengono·spostate·dalla·coda·delle·inattive·alla·coda·di |
| 367 | ······cache.··A·questo·punto,·le·pagine·nella·coda·di·cache·possono·ancora | 367 | ······cache.··A·questo·punto,·le·pagine·nella·coda·di·cache·possono·ancora |
| 368 | ······essere·riattivate·da·un·VM·fault·ad·un·costo·relativamente·basso. | 368 | ······essere·riattivate·da·un·VM·fault·ad·un·costo·relativamente·basso. |
| 369 | ······Ad·ogni·modo,·le·pagine·nella·coda·di·cache·vengono·considerate | 369 | ······Ad·ogni·modo,·le·pagine·nella·coda·di·cache·vengono·considerate |
| 370 | ······<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">immediatamente·liberabili</span>»</span>·e·verranno·riutilizzate·con·un | 370 | ······<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">immediatamente·liberabili</span>»</span>·e·verranno·riutilizzate·con·un |
| 371 | ······metodo·LRU·(least-recently·used·<a·href="#ftn.idp67 | 371 | ······metodo·LRU·(least-recently·used·<a·href="#ftn.idp67760184"·class="footnote"·id="idp67760184"><sup·class="footnote">[4]</sup></a>)·quando·il·sistema·avrà·bisogno·di·allocare·nuova |
| 372 | ······memoria.</p><p>È·importante·notare·che·il·sistema·della·VM·di·FreeBSD·tenta | 372 | ······memoria.</p><p>È·importante·notare·che·il·sistema·della·VM·di·FreeBSD·tenta |
| 373 | ······di·separare·pagine·pulite·e·sporche·per·l'espressa·ragione·di·evitare | 373 | ······di·separare·pagine·pulite·e·sporche·per·l'espressa·ragione·di·evitare |
| 374 | ······scritture·non·necessarie·di·pagine·sporche·(che·divorano·banda·di·I/O),·e | 374 | ······scritture·non·necessarie·di·pagine·sporche·(che·divorano·banda·di·I/O),·e |
| 375 | ······non·sposta·le·pagine·tra·le·varie·code·gratuitamente·quando·il | 375 | ······non·sposta·le·pagine·tra·le·varie·code·gratuitamente·quando·il |
| 376 | ······sottosistema·non·viene·stressato.··Questo·è·il·motivo·per·cui | 376 | ······sottosistema·non·viene·stressato.··Questo·è·il·motivo·per·cui |
| 377 | ······dando·un·<code·class="command">systat·-vm</code>·vedrai·sistemi·con·contatori·della | 377 | ······dando·un·<code·class="command">systat·-vm</code>·vedrai·sistemi·con·contatori·della |
| 378 | ······coda·di·cache·bassi·e·contatori·della·coda·delle·pagine·attive·molto·alti. | 378 | ······coda·di·cache·bassi·e·contatori·della·coda·delle·pagine·attive·molto·alti. |
| Offset 471, 15 lines modified | Offset 471, 15 lines modified | ||
| 471 | ······risolvere·questi·problemi. | 471 | ······risolvere·questi·problemi. |
| 472 | ······Questo·significa·che·due·pagine·vicine·nello·spazio·di·indirizzamento | 472 | ······Questo·significa·che·due·pagine·vicine·nello·spazio·di·indirizzamento |
| 473 | ······dei·processi·possono·non·corrispondere·a·due·pagine·vicine·nella·cache. | 473 | ······dei·processi·possono·non·corrispondere·a·due·pagine·vicine·nella·cache. |
| 474 | ······In·effetti,·se·non·si·è·attenti·pagine·affiancate·nella·memoria | 474 | ······In·effetti,·se·non·si·è·attenti·pagine·affiancate·nella·memoria |
| 475 | ······virtuale·possono·finire·con·l'occupare·la·stessa·pagina·nella·cache·del | 475 | ······virtuale·possono·finire·con·l'occupare·la·stessa·pagina·nella·cache·del |
| 476 | ······processore-portando·all'eliminazione·prematura·di·dati | 476 | ······processore-portando·all'eliminazione·prematura·di·dati |
| 477 | ······immagazzinabili·in·cache·e·riducendo·le·prestazioni·della·cache. | 477 | ······immagazzinabili·in·cache·e·riducendo·le·prestazioni·della·cache. |
| 478 | ······Ciò·è·vero·anche·con·cache·set-associative·<a·href="#ftn.idp6 | 478 | ······Ciò·è·vero·anche·con·cache·set-associative·<a·href="#ftn.idp68029240"·class="footnote"·id="idp68029240"><sup·class="footnote">[5]</sup></a>·a·molte·vie·(anche·se·l'effetto·viene·in·qualche·maniera |
| 479 | ······mitigato).</p><p>Il·codice·di·allocazione·della·memoria·di·FreeBSD·implementa | 479 | ······mitigato).</p><p>Il·codice·di·allocazione·della·memoria·di·FreeBSD·implementa |
| 480 | ······le·ottimizizzazioni·di·colorazione·delle·pagine,·ciò·significa·che | 480 | ······le·ottimizizzazioni·di·colorazione·delle·pagine,·ciò·significa·che |
| 481 | ······il·codice·di·allocazione·della·memoria·cercherà·di·trovare·delle | 481 | ······il·codice·di·allocazione·della·memoria·cercherà·di·trovare·delle |
| 482 | ······pagine·libere·che·siano·vicine·dal·punto·di·vista·della·cache. | 482 | ······pagine·libere·che·siano·vicine·dal·punto·di·vista·della·cache. |
| 483 | ······Ad·esempio,·se·la·pagina·16·della·memoria·fisica·è·assegnata | 483 | ······Ad·esempio,·se·la·pagina·16·della·memoria·fisica·è·assegnata |
| 484 | ······alla·pagina·0·della·memoria·virtuale·di·un·processo·e·la·cache·può | 484 | ······alla·pagina·0·della·memoria·virtuale·di·un·processo·e·la·cache·può |
| 485 | ······contenere·4·pagine,·il·codice·di·colorazione·delle·pagine·non | 485 | ······contenere·4·pagine,·il·codice·di·colorazione·delle·pagine·non |
| Offset 497, 30 lines modified | Offset 497, 30 lines modified | ||
| 497 | ······fisica·per·quel·che·riguarda·le·prestazioni·della·cache.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="conclusion"></a>8. Conclusione</h2></div></div></div><p>La·memoria·virtuale·nei·sistemi·operativi·moderni·deve·affrontare | 497 | ······fisica·per·quel·che·riguarda·le·prestazioni·della·cache.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="conclusion"></a>8. Conclusione</h2></div></div></div><p>La·memoria·virtuale·nei·sistemi·operativi·moderni·deve·affrontare |
| 498 | ······molti·problemi·differenti·efficientemente·e·per·molti·diversi·tipi·di·uso. | 498 | ······molti·problemi·differenti·efficientemente·e·per·molti·diversi·tipi·di·uso. |
| 499 | ······L'approccio·modulare·ed·algoritmico·che·BSD·ha·storicamente·seguito·ci | 499 | ······L'approccio·modulare·ed·algoritmico·che·BSD·ha·storicamente·seguito·ci |
| 500 | ······permette·di·studiare·e·comprendere·l'implementazione·attuale·cosi·come·di | 500 | ······permette·di·studiare·e·comprendere·l'implementazione·attuale·cosi·come·di |
| 501 | ······poter·rimpiazzare·in·maniera·relativamente·pulita·grosse·sezioni·di | 501 | ······poter·rimpiazzare·in·maniera·relativamente·pulita·grosse·sezioni·di |
| 502 | ······codice.··Ci·sono·stati·un·gran·numero·di·miglioramenti·al·sistema·della | 502 | ······codice.··Ci·sono·stati·un·gran·numero·di·miglioramenti·al·sistema·della |
| 503 | ······VM·di·FreeBSD·negli·ultimi·anni,·ed·il·lavoro·prosegue.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="allen-briggs-qa"></a>9. Sessione·Bonus·di·Domande·e·Risposte·di·Allen·Briggs | 503 | ······VM·di·FreeBSD·negli·ultimi·anni,·ed·il·lavoro·prosegue.</p></div><div·class="sect1"><div·xmlns=""·class="titlepage"><div><div><h2·xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"·class="title"·style="clear:·both"><a·id="allen-briggs-qa"></a>9. Sessione·Bonus·di·Domande·e·Risposte·di·Allen·Briggs |
| 504 | ······<code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:briggs@ninthwonder.com">briggs@ninthwonder.com</a>></code></h2></div></div></div><div·class="qandaset"><a·id="idp6 | 504 | ······<code·class="email"><<a·xmlns=""·class="email"·href="mailto:briggs@ninthwonder.com">briggs@ninthwonder.com</a>></code></h2></div></div></div><div·class="qandaset"><a·id="idp68042296"></a><dl><dt>9.1.·<a·href="#idp68042808">Cos'è·«l'algoritmo·di·interleaving»·a·cui |
| 505 | ············fai·riferimento·nell'elenco·delle·debolezze·della·gestione·dello | 505 | ············fai·riferimento·nell'elenco·delle·debolezze·della·gestione·dello |
| 506 | ············swap·in·FreeBSD·3.X·?</a></dt><dt>9.2.·<a·href="#idp6 | 506 | ············swap·in·FreeBSD·3.X·?</a></dt><dt>9.2.·<a·href="#idp68060344">Non·ho·capito·questo:</a></dt><dt>9.3.·<a·href="#idp68086584">·Nell'esempio·di·ls(1)·/·vmstat·1, |
| 507 | ············alcuni·dei·page·fault·non·potrebbero·essere·data·page·faults | 507 | ············alcuni·dei·page·fault·non·potrebbero·essere·data·page·faults |
| 508 | ············(COW·da·file·eseguibili·a·pagine·private)?··Cioè,·io·mi | 508 | ············(COW·da·file·eseguibili·a·pagine·private)?··Cioè,·io·mi |
| 509 | ············aspetterei·che·i·page·fault·fossero·degli·zero-fill·e·dei·dati·di | 509 | ············aspetterei·che·i·page·fault·fossero·degli·zero-fill·e·dei·dati·di |
| 510 | ············programma.··O·si·implica·che·FreeBSD·effettui·il·pre-COW·per·i·dati | 510 | ············programma.··O·si·implica·che·FreeBSD·effettui·il·pre-COW·per·i·dati |
| 511 | ············di·programma?</a></dt><dt>9.4.·<a·href="#idp6 | 511 | ············di·programma?</a></dt><dt>9.4.·<a·href="#idp68096952">Nella·sezione·sull'ottimizzazione·della·tabella·delle·pagine, |
| 512 | ············potresti·fornire·maggiori·dettagli·su·pv_entry·e | 512 | ············potresti·fornire·maggiori·dettagli·su·pv_entry·e |
| 513 | ············vm_page·(forse·vm_page·dovrebbe·essere | 513 | ············vm_page·(forse·vm_page·dovrebbe·essere |
| 514 | ············vm_pmap-come·in·4.4,·cf.·pp.·180-181·di | 514 | ············vm_pmap-come·in·4.4,·cf.·pp.·180-181·di |
| 515 | ············McKusick,·Bostic,·Karel,·Quarterman)?··Specificamente,·che·tipo·di | 515 | ············McKusick,·Bostic,·Karel,·Quarterman)?··Specificamente,·che·tipo·di |
| 516 | ············operazioni/reazioni·richiederebbero·la·scansione·delle | 516 | ············operazioni/reazioni·richiederebbero·la·scansione·delle |
| 517 | ············mappature?</a></dt><dt>9.5.·<a·href="#idp6 | 517 | ············mappature?</a></dt><dt>9.5.·<a·href="#idp68155832">Infine,·nella·sezione·sulla·colorazione·delle·pagine,·potrebbe |
| 518 | ············esser·d'aiuto·avere·qualche·descrizione·in·più·di·quello·che | 518 | ············esser·d'aiuto·avere·qualche·descrizione·in·più·di·quello·che |
| 519 | ············intendi.··Non·sono·riuscito·a·seguire·molto·bene.</a></dt></dl><table·border="0"·style="width:·100%;"><colgroup><col·align="left"·width="1%"·/><col·/></colgroup><tbody><tr·class="question"><td·align="left"·valign="top"><a·id="idp6 | 519 | ············intendi.··Non·sono·riuscito·a·seguire·molto·bene.</a></dt></dl><table·border="0"·style="width:·100%;"><colgroup><col·align="left"·width="1%"·/><col·/></colgroup><tbody><tr·class="question"><td·align="left"·valign="top"><a·id="idp68042808"></a><a·id="idp68043448"></a><p><strong>9.1.</strong></p></td><td·align="left"·valign="top"><p>Cos'è·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">l'algoritmo·di·interleaving</span>»</span>·a·cui |
| 520 | ············fai·riferimento·nell'elenco·delle·debolezze·della·gestione·dello | 520 | ············fai·riferimento·nell'elenco·delle·debolezze·della·gestione·dello |
| 521 | ············swap·in·FreeBSD·3.X·?</p></td></tr><tr·class="answer"><td·align="left"·valign="top"></td><td·align="left"·valign="top"><p>FreeBSD·usa·un·intervallo·tra·zone·di·swap·fissato,·con·un | 521 | ············swap·in·FreeBSD·3.X·?</p></td></tr><tr·class="answer"><td·align="left"·valign="top"></td><td·align="left"·valign="top"><p>FreeBSD·usa·un·intervallo·tra·zone·di·swap·fissato,·con·un |
| 522 | ············valore·predefinito·di·4.··Questo·significa·che·FreeBSD·riserva | 522 | ············valore·predefinito·di·4.··Questo·significa·che·FreeBSD·riserva |
| 523 | ············spazio·per·quattro·aree·di·swap·anche·se·ne·hai·una·sola·o·due·o | 523 | ············spazio·per·quattro·aree·di·swap·anche·se·ne·hai·una·sola·o·due·o |
| 524 | ············tre.··Poiché·lo·swap·è·intervallato·lo·spazio·di | 524 | ············tre.··Poiché·lo·swap·è·intervallato·lo·spazio·di |
| 525 | ············indirizzamento·lineare·che·rappresenta·le·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">quattro·aree·di | 525 | ············indirizzamento·lineare·che·rappresenta·le·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">quattro·aree·di |
| 526 | ··············swap</span>»</span>·verrà·frammentato·se·non·si·possiedono | 526 | ··············swap</span>»</span>·verrà·frammentato·se·non·si·possiedono |
| Offset 559, 15 lines modified | Offset 559, 15 lines modified | ||
| 559 | ············un·albero·radicato·e·mappe·di·bit·di·blocchi·di·swap·piuttosto·che | 559 | ············un·albero·radicato·e·mappe·di·bit·di·blocchi·di·swap·piuttosto·che |
| 560 | ············nodi·lista. | 560 | ············nodi·lista. |
| 561 | ············Ci·prendiamo·il·peso·di·preallocare·tutte·le·mappe·di·bit·richieste | 561 | ············Ci·prendiamo·il·peso·di·preallocare·tutte·le·mappe·di·bit·richieste |
| 562 | ············per·l'intera·area·di·swap·ma·ciò·finisce·per·consumare·meno | 562 | ············per·l'intera·area·di·swap·ma·ciò·finisce·per·consumare·meno |
| 563 | ············memoria·grazie·all'uso·di·una·mappa·di·bit·(un·bit·per·blocco) | 563 | ············memoria·grazie·all'uso·di·una·mappa·di·bit·(un·bit·per·blocco) |
| 564 | ············invece·di·una·lista·collegata·di·nodi.··L'uso·di·un·albero·radicato | 564 | ············invece·di·una·lista·collegata·di·nodi.··L'uso·di·un·albero·radicato |
| 565 | ············invece·di·una·lista·sequenziale·ci·fornisce·una·performance·quasi | 565 | ············invece·di·una·lista·sequenziale·ci·fornisce·una·performance·quasi |
| 566 | ············O(1)·qualunque·sia·il·livello·di·frammentazione·dell'albero.</p></td></tr><tr·class="question"><td·align="left"·valign="top"><a·id="idp6 | 566 | ············O(1)·qualunque·sia·il·livello·di·frammentazione·dell'albero.</p></td></tr><tr·class="question"><td·align="left"·valign="top"><a·id="idp68060344"></a><a·id="idp68060600"></a><p><strong>9.2.</strong></p></td><td·align="left"·valign="top"><p>Non·ho·capito·questo:</p><div·class="blockquote"><blockquote·class="blockquote"><p>È·importante·notare·che·il·sistema·della·VM·di·FreeBSD |
| 567 | ··············tenta·di·separare·pagine·pulite·e·sporche·per·l'espressa·ragione·di | 567 | ··············tenta·di·separare·pagine·pulite·e·sporche·per·l'espressa·ragione·di |
| 568 | ··············evitare·scritture·non·necessarie·di·pagine·sporche·(che·divorano | 568 | ··············evitare·scritture·non·necessarie·di·pagine·sporche·(che·divorano |
| 569 | ··············banda·di·I/O),·e·non·sposta·le·pagine·tra·le·varie·code | 569 | ··············banda·di·I/O),·e·non·sposta·le·pagine·tra·le·varie·code |
| 570 | ··············gratuitamente·se·il·sottosistema·non·viene·stressato.··Questo | 570 | ··············gratuitamente·se·il·sottosistema·non·viene·stressato.··Questo |
| 571 | ··············è·il·motivo·per·cui·dando·un·<code·class="command">systat·-vm</code> | 571 | ··············è·il·motivo·per·cui·dando·un·<code·class="command">systat·-vm</code> |
| 572 | ··············vedrai·sistemi·con·contatori·della·coda·di·cache·bassi·e·contatori | 572 | ··············vedrai·sistemi·con·contatori·della·coda·di·cache·bassi·e·contatori |
| 573 | ··············della·coda·delle·pagine·attive·molto·alti.</p></blockquote></div><p>Come·entra·in·relazione·la·separazione·delle·pagine·pulite·e | 573 | ··············della·coda·delle·pagine·attive·molto·alti.</p></blockquote></div><p>Come·entra·in·relazione·la·separazione·delle·pagine·pulite·e |
| Offset 580, 27 lines modified | Offset 580, 27 lines modified | ||
| 580 | ············nostro·obiettivo·è·separare·le·pagine·ma·la·realtà | 580 | ············nostro·obiettivo·è·separare·le·pagine·ma·la·realtà |
| 581 | ············è·che·se·non·siamo·in·crisi·di·memoria,·non·abbiamo·bisogno | 581 | ············è·che·se·non·siamo·in·crisi·di·memoria,·non·abbiamo·bisogno |
| 582 | ············di·farlo.</p><p>Questo·significa·che·FreeBSD·non·cercherà·troppo·di | 582 | ············di·farlo.</p><p>Questo·significa·che·FreeBSD·non·cercherà·troppo·di |
| 583 | ············separare·le·pagine·sporche·(coda·inattiva)·da·quelle·pulite | 583 | ············separare·le·pagine·sporche·(coda·inattiva)·da·quelle·pulite |
| 584 | ············(code·della·cache),·ne·cercherà·di·disattivare·le·pagine | 584 | ············(code·della·cache),·ne·cercherà·di·disattivare·le·pagine |
| 585 | ············(coda·pagine·attive·->·coda·pagine·inattive)·quando·il·sistema·non | 585 | ············(coda·pagine·attive·->·coda·pagine·inattive)·quando·il·sistema·non |
| 586 | ············è·sotto·sforzo,·anche·se·non·vengono·effettivamente | 586 | ············è·sotto·sforzo,·anche·se·non·vengono·effettivamente |
| 587 | ············usate.</p></td></tr><tr·class="question"><td·align="left"·valign="top"><a·id="idp6 | 587 | ············usate.</p></td></tr><tr·class="question"><td·align="left"·valign="top"><a·id="idp68086584"></a><a·id="idp68087224"></a><p><strong>9.3.</strong></p></td><td·align="left"·valign="top"><p>·Nell'esempio·di·<a·class="citerefentry"·href="http://www.FreeBSD.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=ls&sektion=1&manpath=freebsd-release-ports"><span·class="citerefentry"><span·class="refentrytitle">ls</span>(1)</span></a>·/·<code·class="command">vmstat·1</code>, |
| 588 | ············alcuni·dei·page·fault·non·potrebbero·essere·data·page·faults | 588 | ············alcuni·dei·page·fault·non·potrebbero·essere·data·page·faults |
| 589 | ············(COW·da·file·eseguibili·a·pagine·private)?··Cioè,·io·mi | 589 | ············(COW·da·file·eseguibili·a·pagine·private)?··Cioè,·io·mi |
| 590 | ············aspetterei·che·i·page·fault·fossero·degli·zero-fill·e·dei·dati·di | 590 | ············aspetterei·che·i·page·fault·fossero·degli·zero-fill·e·dei·dati·di |
| 591 | ············programma.··O·si·implica·che·FreeBSD·effettui·il·pre-COW·per·i·dati | 591 | ············programma.··O·si·implica·che·FreeBSD·effettui·il·pre-COW·per·i·dati |
| 592 | ············di·programma?</p></td></tr><tr·class="answer"><td·align="left"·valign="top"></td><td·align="left"·valign="top"><p>Un·fault·COW·può·essere·o·legato·a·uno·zero-fill·o·a·dati | 592 | ············di·programma?</p></td></tr><tr·class="answer"><td·align="left"·valign="top"></td><td·align="left"·valign="top"><p>Un·fault·COW·può·essere·o·legato·a·uno·zero-fill·o·a·dati |
| 593 | ············di·programma. | 593 | ············di·programma. |
| 594 | ············Il·meccanismo·è·lo·stesso·in·entrambi·i·casi·poiché | 594 | ············Il·meccanismo·è·lo·stesso·in·entrambi·i·casi·poiché |
| 595 | ············i·dati·di·programma·da·copiare·sono·quasi·certamente·già | 595 | ············i·dati·di·programma·da·copiare·sono·quasi·certamente·già |
| 596 | ············presenti·nella·cache.··E·infatti·li·tratto·insieme.··FreeBSD·non | 596 | ············presenti·nella·cache.··E·infatti·li·tratto·insieme.··FreeBSD·non |
| 597 | ············effettua·preventivamentela·copia·dei·dati·di·programma·o·lo | 597 | ············effettua·preventivamentela·copia·dei·dati·di·programma·o·lo |
| 598 | ············zero-fill,·<span·class="emphasis"><em>effettua</em></span>·la·mappatura·preventiva | 598 | ············zero-fill,·<span·class="emphasis"><em>effettua</em></span>·la·mappatura·preventiva |
| 599 | ············delle·pagine·che·sono·presenti·nella·sua·cache.</p></td></tr><tr·class="question"><td·align="left"·valign="top"><a·id="idp6 | 599 | ············delle·pagine·che·sono·presenti·nella·sua·cache.</p></td></tr><tr·class="question"><td·align="left"·valign="top"><a·id="idp68096952"></a><a·id="idp68097976"></a><p><strong>9.4.</strong></p></td><td·align="left"·valign="top"><p>Nella·sezione·sull'ottimizzazione·della·tabella·delle·pagine, |
| 600 | ············potresti·fornire·maggiori·dettagli·su·<code·class="literal">pv_entry</code>·e | 600 | ············potresti·fornire·maggiori·dettagli·su·<code·class="literal">pv_entry</code>·e |
| 601 | ············<code·class="literal">vm_page</code>·(forse·vm_page·dovrebbe·essere | 601 | ············<code·class="literal">vm_page</code>·(forse·vm_page·dovrebbe·essere |
| 602 | ············<code·class="literal">vm_pmap</code>-come·in·4.4,·cf.·pp.·180-181·di | 602 | ············<code·class="literal">vm_pmap</code>-come·in·4.4,·cf.·pp.·180-181·di |
| 603 | ············McKusick,·Bostic,·Karel,·Quarterman)?··Specificamente,·che·tipo·di | 603 | ············McKusick,·Bostic,·Karel,·Quarterman)?··Specificamente,·che·tipo·di |
| 604 | ············operazioni/reazioni·richiederebbero·la·scansione·delle | 604 | ············operazioni/reazioni·richiederebbero·la·scansione·delle |
| 605 | ············mappature?</p><p>Come·funziona·Linux·nel·caso·in·cui·FreeBSD·fallisce | 605 | ············mappature?</p><p>Come·funziona·Linux·nel·caso·in·cui·FreeBSD·fallisce |
| 606 | ············(la·condivisione·di·un·grosso·file·mappato·tra·molti | 606 | ············(la·condivisione·di·un·grosso·file·mappato·tra·molti |
| Offset 659, 15 lines modified | Offset 659, 15 lines modified | ||
| 659 | ············pte·potenzialmente·mappato. | 659 | ············pte·potenzialmente·mappato. |
| 660 | ············FreeBSD·usa·tabelle·delle·pagine·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">throw·away</span>»</span>, | 660 | ············FreeBSD·usa·tabelle·delle·pagine·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">throw·away</span>»</span>, |
| 661 | ············eliminabili,·ma·aggiunge·una·struttura·<code·class="literal">pv_entry</code> | 661 | ············eliminabili,·ma·aggiunge·una·struttura·<code·class="literal">pv_entry</code> |
| 662 | ············per·ogni·pte·effettivamente·mappato.··Credo·che·l'utilizzo·della | 662 | ············per·ogni·pte·effettivamente·mappato.··Credo·che·l'utilizzo·della |
| 663 | ············memoria·finisca·per·essere·più·o·meno·lo·stesso,·fornendo·a | 663 | ············memoria·finisca·per·essere·più·o·meno·lo·stesso,·fornendo·a |
| 664 | ············FreeBSD·un·vantaggio·algoritmico·con·la·capacità·di | 664 | ············FreeBSD·un·vantaggio·algoritmico·con·la·capacità·di |
| 665 | ············eliminare·completamente·le·tabelle·delle·pagine·con·un | 665 | ············eliminare·completamente·le·tabelle·delle·pagine·con·un |
| 666 | ············sovraccarico·prestazionale·minimo.</p></td></tr><tr·class="question"><td·align="left"·valign="top"><a·id="idp6 | 666 | ············sovraccarico·prestazionale·minimo.</p></td></tr><tr·class="question"><td·align="left"·valign="top"><a·id="idp68155832"></a><a·id="idp68156728"></a><p><strong>9.5.</strong></p></td><td·align="left"·valign="top"><p>Infine,·nella·sezione·sulla·colorazione·delle·pagine,·potrebbe |
| 667 | ············esser·d'aiuto·avere·qualche·descrizione·in·più·di·quello·che | 667 | ············esser·d'aiuto·avere·qualche·descrizione·in·più·di·quello·che |
| 668 | ············intendi.··Non·sono·riuscito·a·seguire·molto·bene.</p></td></tr><tr·class="answer"><td·align="left"·valign="top"></td><td·align="left"·valign="top"><p>Sai·come·funziona·una·memoria·cache·hardware·L1?··Spiego: | 668 | ············intendi.··Non·sono·riuscito·a·seguire·molto·bene.</p></td></tr><tr·class="answer"><td·align="left"·valign="top"></td><td·align="left"·valign="top"><p>Sai·come·funziona·una·memoria·cache·hardware·L1?··Spiego: |
| 669 | ············Considera·una·macchina·con·16MB·di·memoria·principale·ma·solo·128K | 669 | ············Considera·una·macchina·con·16MB·di·memoria·principale·ma·solo·128K |
| 670 | ············di·cache·L1.··In·genere·il·modo·in·cui·funziona·la·cache·è | 670 | ············di·cache·L1.··In·genere·il·modo·in·cui·funziona·la·cache·è |
| 671 | ············che·ogni·blocco·da·128K·di·memoria·principale·usa·gli | 671 | ············che·ogni·blocco·da·128K·di·memoria·principale·usa·gli |
| 672 | ············<span·class="emphasis"><em>stessi</em></span>·128K·di·cache. | 672 | ············<span·class="emphasis"><em>stessi</em></span>·128K·di·cache. |
| 673 | ············Se·si·accede·all'offset·0·della·memoria·principale·e·poi·al·128K·si | 673 | ············Se·si·accede·all'offset·0·della·memoria·principale·e·poi·al·128K·si |
| Offset 684, 15 lines modified | Offset 684, 15 lines modified | ||
| 684 | ············agli·offset·0,·128K,·256K·384K·ed·essere·ancora·in·grado·di | 684 | ············agli·offset·0,·128K,·256K·384K·ed·essere·ancora·in·grado·di |
| 685 | ············accedere·all'offset·0·ritrovandolo·nella·cache·L1.··Se·poi·accedessi | 685 | ············accedere·all'offset·0·ritrovandolo·nella·cache·L1.··Se·poi·accedessi |
| 686 | ············all'offset·512K,·ad·ogni·modo,·uno·degli·oggetti·dato·immagazzinati | 686 | ············all'offset·512K,·ad·ogni·modo,·uno·degli·oggetti·dato·immagazzinati |
| 687 | ············precedentemente·verrebbero·cancellati·dalla·cache.</p><p>È·estremamente·importante·... | 687 | ············precedentemente·verrebbero·cancellati·dalla·cache.</p><p>È·estremamente·importante·... |
| 688 | ············<span·class="emphasis"><em>estremamente</em></span>·importante·che·la·maggior·parte | 688 | ············<span·class="emphasis"><em>estremamente</em></span>·importante·che·la·maggior·parte |
| 689 | ············degli·accessi·del·processore·alla·memoria·vengano·dalla·cache·L1, | 689 | ············degli·accessi·del·processore·alla·memoria·vengano·dalla·cache·L1, |
| 690 | ············poiché·la·cache·L1·opera·alla·stessa·frequenza·del | 690 | ············poiché·la·cache·L1·opera·alla·stessa·frequenza·del |
| 691 | ············processore.··Nel·momento·in·cui·si·ha·un·miss·<a·href="#ftn.idp6 | 691 | ············processore.··Nel·momento·in·cui·si·ha·un·miss·<a·href="#ftn.idp68166328"·class="footnote"·id="idp68166328"><sup·class="footnote">[6]</sup></a>·nella·cache·L1·si·deveandare·a·cercare·nella·cache·L2·o |
| 692 | ············nella·memoria·principale,·il·processore·andrà·in·stallo,·e | 692 | ············nella·memoria·principale,·il·processore·andrà·in·stallo,·e |
| 693 | ············potenzialmente·potrà·sedersi·a·girarsi·i·pollici·per·un·tempo | 693 | ············potenzialmente·potrà·sedersi·a·girarsi·i·pollici·per·un·tempo |
| 694 | ············equivalente·a·<span·class="emphasis"><em>centinaia</em></span>·di·istruzioni | 694 | ············equivalente·a·<span·class="emphasis"><em>centinaia</em></span>·di·istruzioni |
| 695 | ············attendendo·che·la·lettura·dalla·memoria·principale·venga | 695 | ············attendendo·che·la·lettura·dalla·memoria·principale·venga |
| 696 | ············completata.··La·memoria·principale·(la·RAM·che·metti·nel·tuo | 696 | ············completata.··La·memoria·principale·(la·RAM·che·metti·nel·tuo |
| 697 | ············computer)·è·<span·class="emphasis"><em>lenta</em></span>,·se·comparata·alla | 697 | ············computer)·è·<span·class="emphasis"><em>lenta</em></span>,·se·comparata·alla |
| 698 | ············velocità·del·nucleo·di·un·moderno·processore.</p><p>Ok,·ora·parliamo·della·colorazione·dele·pagine: | 698 | ············velocità·del·nucleo·di·un·moderno·processore.</p><p>Ok,·ora·parliamo·della·colorazione·dele·pagine: |
| Offset 735, 23 lines modified | Offset 735, 23 lines modified | ||
| 735 | ············fisica,·ma·potrebbero·trovarsi·tranquillamente·anche·agli·offset | 735 | ············fisica,·ma·potrebbero·trovarsi·tranquillamente·anche·agli·offset |
| 736 | ············128K·e·4K·della·memoria·fisica·e·mantenera·comunque·le·stesse | 736 | ············128K·e·4K·della·memoria·fisica·e·mantenera·comunque·le·stesse |
| 737 | ············caratteristiche·prestazionali·nei·riguardi·della·cache.··Dunque·la | 737 | ············caratteristiche·prestazionali·nei·riguardi·della·cache.··Dunque·la |
| 738 | ············colorazione·delle·pagine·<span·class="emphasis"><em>non</em></span>·deveassegnare | 738 | ············colorazione·delle·pagine·<span·class="emphasis"><em>non</em></span>·deveassegnare |
| 739 | ············pagine·di·memoria·fisica·veramente·contigue·a·pagine·di·memoria | 739 | ············pagine·di·memoria·fisica·veramente·contigue·a·pagine·di·memoria |
| 740 | ············virtuale·contigue,·deve·solo·assicurarsi·che·siano·assegnate·pagine | 740 | ············virtuale·contigue,·deve·solo·assicurarsi·che·siano·assegnate·pagine |
| 741 | ············contigue·dal·punto·di·vista·delle·prestazioni/operazioni·della | 741 | ············contigue·dal·punto·di·vista·delle·prestazioni/operazioni·della |
| 742 | ············cache.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div·class="footnotes"><br·/><hr·class="footnote-hr"·/><div·id="ftn.idp6 | 742 | ············cache.</p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div·class="footnotes"><br·/><hr·class="footnote-hr"·/><div·id="ftn.idp67168440"·class="footnote"><p><a·href="#idp67168440"·class="para"><sup·class="para">[1]·</sup></a>I·dati·copy·on·write·sono·dati·che·vengono·copiati·solo·al·momento |
| 743 | ··········della·loro·effettiva·modifica</p></div><div·id="ftn.idp6 | 743 | ··········della·loro·effettiva·modifica</p></div><div·id="ftn.idp67177272"·class="footnote"><p><a·href="#idp67177272"·class="para"><sup·class="para">[2]·</sup></a>Un·page·fault,·o·<span·class="quote">«<span·class="quote">mancanza·di·pagina</span>»</span>, |
| 744 | ··········corrisponde·ad·una·mancanza·di·una·determinata·pagina·di·memoria·a·un | 744 | ··········corrisponde·ad·una·mancanza·di·una·determinata·pagina·di·memoria·a·un |
| 745 | ··········certo·livello,·ed·alla·necessità·di·copiarla·da·un·livello | 745 | ··········certo·livello,·ed·alla·necessità·di·copiarla·da·un·livello |
| 746 | ··········più·lento.··Ad·esempio·se·una·pagina·di·memoria·è·stata | 746 | ··········più·lento.··Ad·esempio·se·una·pagina·di·memoria·è·stata |
| 747 | ··········spostata·dalla·memoria·fisica·allo·spazio·di·swap·su·disco,·e·viene | 747 | ··········spostata·dalla·memoria·fisica·allo·spazio·di·swap·su·disco,·e·viene |
| 748 | ··········richiamata,·si·genera·un·page·fault·e·la·pagina·viene·di·nuovo·copiata | 748 | ··········richiamata,·si·genera·un·page·fault·e·la·pagina·viene·di·nuovo·copiata |
| 749 | ··········in·ram.</p></div><div·id="ftn.idp67 | 749 | ··········in·ram.</p></div><div·id="ftn.idp67203384"·class="footnote"><p><a·href="#idp67203384"·class="para"><sup·class="para">[3]·</sup></a>La·copia·dalla·memoria·al·disco,·l'opposto·del·page·in,·la |
| 750 | ··········mappatura·in·memoria.</p></div><div·id="ftn.idp67 | 750 | ··········mappatura·in·memoria.</p></div><div·id="ftn.idp67760184"·class="footnote"><p><a·href="#idp67760184"·class="para"><sup·class="para">[4]·</sup></a>Usate·meno·recentemente.··Le·pagine·che·non·vengono·usate·da·molto |
| 751 | ··········tempo·probabilmente·non·saranno·necessarie·a·breve,·e·possono·essere | 751 | ··········tempo·probabilmente·non·saranno·necessarie·a·breve,·e·possono·essere |
| 752 | ··········liberate.</p></div><div·id="ftn.idp6 | 752 | ··········liberate.</p></div><div·id="ftn.idp68029240"·class="footnote"><p><a·href="#idp68029240"·class="para"><sup·class="para">[5]·</sup></a>set-associative·sta·per·associative·all'interno·di·un·insieme,·in |
| 753 | ··········quanto·c'è·un·insieme·di·blocchi·della·cache·nei·quale·puo | 753 | ··········quanto·c'è·un·insieme·di·blocchi·della·cache·nei·quale·puo |
| 754 | ··········essere·mappato·un·elemento·della·memoria·fisica.</p></div><div·id="ftn.idp6 | 754 | ··········essere·mappato·un·elemento·della·memoria·fisica.</p></div><div·id="ftn.idp68166328"·class="footnote"><p><a·href="#idp68166328"·class="para"><sup·class="para">[6]·</sup></a>Un·miss·nella·cache·è·equivalente·a·un·page·fault·per |
| 755 | ················la·memoria·fisica,·ed·allo·stesso·modo·implica·un·accesso·a | 755 | ················la·memoria·fisica,·ed·allo·stesso·modo·implica·un·accesso·a |
| 756 | ················dispositivi·molto·più·lenti,·da·L1·a·L2·come·da·RAM·a | 756 | ················dispositivi·molto·più·lenti,·da·L1·a·L2·come·da·RAM·a |
| 757 | ················disco.</p></div></div></div></body></html> | 757 | ················disco.</p></div></div></div></body></html> |