/usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/e24a8cae34360705d022f17584bb6b4507b8eb89-build1/All/en-freebsd-doc-48633,1.txz vs.
/usr/local/poudriere/data/packages/e24a8cae34360705d022f17584bb6b4507b8eb89-build2/All/en-freebsd-doc-48633,1.txz
en-freebsd-doc-48633,1.txz-content
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1144 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​260285·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​rc-​scripting/​article.​pdf1144 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​260276·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​rc-​scripting/​article.​pdf
1145 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​····​99870·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​relaydelay/​article.​pdf1145 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​····​99868·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​relaydelay/​article.​pdf
1146 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​238736·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​releng/​article.​pdf1146 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​238728·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​releng/​article.​pdf
1147 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​150258·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​remote-​install/​article.​pdf1147 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​150252·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​remote-​install/​article.​pdf
1148 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​268050·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​serial-​uart/​article.​pdf1148 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​268053·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​serial-​uart/​article.​pdf
1149 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​142091·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​solid-​state/​article.​pdf1149 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​142089·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​solid-​state/​article.​pdf
1150 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​240024·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​vinum/​article.​pdf1150 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​240027·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​vinum/​article.​pdf
1151 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​185197·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​vm-​design/​article.​pdf1151 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​185192·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​vm-​design/​article.​pdf
1152 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​··​1581414·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​arch-​handbook/​book.​pdf1152 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​··​1581467·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​arch-​handbook/​book.​pdf
1153 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​260521·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​design-​44bsd/​book.​pdf1153 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​260526·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​design-​44bsd/​book.​pdf
1154 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​468651·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​dev-​model/​book.​pdf1154 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​468654·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​dev-​model/​book.​pdf
1155 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​··​1202471·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​developers-​handbook/​book.​pdf1155 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​··​1202439·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​developers-​handbook/​book.​pdf
1156 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​650227·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​faq/​book.​pdf1156 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​650206·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​faq/​book.​pdf
1157 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​818139·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​fdp-​primer/​book.​pdf1157 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​818115·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​fdp-​primer/​book.​pdf
1158 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​··​7636912·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​handbook/​book.​pdf1158 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​··​7636717·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​handbook/​book.​pdf
1159 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​361824·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​pmake/​book.​pdf1159 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​361819·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​pmake/​book.​pdf
1160 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​··​1750051·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​porters-​handbook/​book.​pdf1160 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​··​1749992·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​porters-​handbook/​book.​pdf
1161 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​129765·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​bsdl-​gpl/​article.​ps1161 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​129761·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​bsdl-​gpl/​article.​ps
1162 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​194609·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​building-​products/​article.​ps1162 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​194607·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​building-​products/​article.​ps
1163 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​511813·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​committers-​guide/​article.​ps1163 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​511802·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​committers-​guide/​article.​ps
1164 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​199402·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​contributing/​article.​ps1164 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​199399·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​contributing/​article.​ps
1165 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​··​1304647·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​contributors/​article.​ps1165 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​··​1304649·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​contributors/​article.​ps
1166 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​121693·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​cups/​article.​ps1166 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​121692·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​cups/​article.​ps
1167 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​142235·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​explaining-​bsd/​article.​ps1167 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​142230·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​explaining-​bsd/​article.​ps
1168 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​147141·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​filtering-​bridges/​article.​ps1168 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​147135·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​filtering-​bridges/​article.​ps
1169 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​196509·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​fonts/​article.​ps1169 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​196496·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​fonts/​article.​ps
1170 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​152547·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​freebsd-​questions/​article.​ps1170 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​152548·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​freebsd-​questions/​article.​ps
1171 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​187343·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​freebsd-​update-​server/​article.​ps1171 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​187340·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​freebsd-​update-​server/​article.​ps
1172 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​161445·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​geom-​class/​article.​ps1172 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​161448·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​geom-​class/​article.​ps
1173 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​317819·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​gjournal-​desktop/​article.​ps1173 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​317825·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​gjournal-​desktop/​article.​ps
1174 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​178972·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​hubs/​article.​ps1174 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​178974·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​hubs/​article.​ps
1175 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​150128·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​ipsec-​must/​article.​ps1175 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​150128·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​ipsec-​must/​article.​ps
1176 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​203157·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​ldap-​auth/​article.​ps1176 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​203147·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​ldap-​auth/​article.​ps
1177 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​····​98069·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​leap-​seconds/​article.​ps1177 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​····​98069·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​leap-​seconds/​article.​ps
1178 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​316841·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​linux-​emulation/​article.​ps1178 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​316837·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​linux-​emulation/​article.​ps
1179 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​164532·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​linux-​users/​article.​ps1179 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​164530·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​linux-​users/​article.​ps
1180 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​130766·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​mailing-​list-​faq/​article.​ps1180 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​130762·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​mailing-​list-​faq/​article.​ps
1181 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​133563·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​nanobsd/​article.​ps1181 -​r-​-​r-​-​r-​-​···​0·​root·········​(0)​·​wheel········​(0)​···​133557·​2016-​04-​21·​19:​48:​20.​000000·​/​usr/​local/​share/​doc/​freebsd/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​nanobsd/​article.​ps
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2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=iso-​8859-​1"·​/​><title>Why·​you·​should·​use·​a·​BSD·​style·​license·​for·​your·​Open·​Source·​Project</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="en"·​class="article"·​lang="en"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp58392504"></​a>Why·​you·​should·​use·​a·​BSD·​style·​license·​for·​your·​Open·​Source·​Project</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Bru​ce</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Monta​gue</​span></​h3><div·​✂2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=iso-​8859-​1"·​/​><title>Why·​you·​should·​use·​a·​BSD·​style·​license·​for·​your·​Open·​Source·​Project</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><script·​xmlns=""·​type="text/​javascript"·​src="/​layout/​js/​google.​js"></​script></​head><body><div·​xml:​lang="en"·​class="article"·​lang="en"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h1·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp58408888"></​a>Why·​you·​should·​use·​a·​BSD·​style·​license·​for·​your·​Open·​Source·​Project</​h1></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="authorgroup"><​div·​class="author"><h3·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Bru​ce</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Monta​gue</​span></​h3><div·​✂
3           </​p></​div></​div></​div></​div></​div><div>Revision:​·​<a·​href="https:​/​/​svnweb.​freebsd.​org/​changeset/​doc/​43184"><span·​class="svnref">43184<​/​span></​a></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="legalnotice"><​a·​id="trademarks"></​a><p>FreeBSD·​is·​a·​registered·​trademark·​of3           </​p></​div></​div></​div></​div></​div><div>Revision:​·​<a·​href="https:​/​/​svnweb.​freebsd.​org/​changeset/​doc/​43184"><span·​class="svnref">43184<​/​span></​a></​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="legalnotice"><​a·​id="trademarks"></​a><p>FreeBSD·​is·​a·​registered·​trademark·​of
4 ··​the·​FreeBSD·​Foundation.​</​p><p>Intel,​·​Celeron,​·​Centrino,​·​Core,​·​EtherExpress,​·​i386,​4 ··​the·​FreeBSD·​Foundation.​</​p><p>Intel,​·​Celeron,​·​Centrino,​·​Core,​·​EtherExpress,​·​i386,​
5 ··​i486,​·​Itanium,​·​Pentium,​·​and·​Xeon·​are·​trademarks·​or·​registered5 ··​i486,​·​Itanium,​·​Pentium,​·​and·​Xeon·​are·​trademarks·​or·​registered
6 ··​trademarks·​of·​Intel·​Corporation·​or·​its·​subsidiaries·​in·​the·​United6 ··​trademarks·​of·​Intel·​Corporation·​or·​its·​subsidiaries·​in·​the·​United
7 ··​States·​and·​other·​countries.​</​p><p>Many·​of·​the·​designations·​used·​by7 ··​States·​and·​other·​countries.​</​p><p>Many·​of·​the·​designations·​used·​by
8 ··​manufacturers·​and·​sellers·​to·​distinguish·​their·​products·​are·​claimed8 ··​manufacturers·​and·​sellers·​to·​distinguish·​their·​products·​are·​claimed
9 ··​as·​trademarks.​··​Where·​those·​designations·​appear·​in·​this·​document,​9 ··​as·​trademarks.​··​Where·​those·​designations·​appear·​in·​this·​document,​
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1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="iso-​8859-​1"?>1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="iso-​8859-​1"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=iso-​8859-​1"·​/​><title>Building·​Products·​with·​FreeBSD</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="Abstract·​The·​FreeBSD·​project·​is·​a·​worldwide,​·​voluntary,​·​and·​collaborative·​project,​·​which·​develops·​a·​portable·​and·​high-​quality·​operating·​system.​·​The·​FreeBSD·​project·​distributes·​the·​source·​code·​for·​its·​product·​under·​a·​liberal·​license,​·​with·​the·​intention·​of·​encouraging·​the·​use·​of·​its·​code.​·​Collaborating·​with·​the·​FreeBSD·​project·​can·​help·​organizations·​reduce·​their·​time·​to·​market,​·​reduce·​engineering·​costs·​and·​improve·​their·​product·​quality.​·​This·​article·​examines·​the·​issues·​in·​using·​FreeBSD·​code·​in·​appliances·​and·​software·​prod·​✂2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=iso-​8859-​1"·​/​><title>Building·​Products·​with·​FreeBSD</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="Abstract·​The·​FreeBSD·​project·​is·​a·​worldwide,​·​voluntary,​·​and·​collaborative·​project,​·​which·​develops·​a·​portable·​and·​high-​quality·​operating·​system.​·​The·​FreeBSD·​project·​distributes·​the·​source·​code·​for·​its·​product·​under·​a·​liberal·​license,​·​with·​the·​intention·​of·​encouraging·​the·​use·​of·​its·​code.​·​Collaborating·​with·​the·​FreeBSD·​project·​can·​help·​organizations·​reduce·​their·​time·​to·​market,​·​reduce·​engineering·​costs·​and·​improve·​their·​product·​quality.​·​This·​article·​examines·​the·​issues·​in·​using·​FreeBSD·​code·​in·​appliances·​and·​software·​prod·​✂
3 ··​the·​FreeBSD·​Foundation.​</​p><p>Many·​of·​the·​designations·​used·​by3 ··​the·​FreeBSD·​Foundation.​</​p><p>Many·​of·​the·​designations·​used·​by
4 ··​manufacturers·​and·​sellers·​to·​distinguish·​their·​products·​are·​claimed4 ··​manufacturers·​and·​sellers·​to·​distinguish·​their·​products·​are·​claimed
5 ··​as·​trademarks.​··​Where·​those·​designations·​appear·​in·​this·​document,​5 ··​as·​trademarks.​··​Where·​those·​designations·​appear·​in·​this·​document,​
6 ··​and·​the·​FreeBSD·​Project·​was·​aware·​of·​the·​trademark·​claim,​·​the6 ··​and·​the·​FreeBSD·​Project·​was·​aware·​of·​the·​trademark·​claim,​·​the
7 ··​designations·​have·​been·​followed·​by·​the·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">&#8482;​</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​or·​the7 ··​designations·​have·​been·​followed·​by·​the·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">&#8482;​</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​or·​the
8 ··​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">®</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​symbol.​</​p></​div></​div><div>Last·​modified·​on·​2015-​04-​04·​by·​eadler.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">Abstract</​div><p>The·​FreeBSD·​project·​is·​a·​worldwide,​·​voluntary,​·​and8 ··​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">®</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​symbol.​</​p></​div></​div><div>Last·​modified·​on·​2015-​04-​04·​by·​eadler.​</​div><div><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="abstract"><div​·​class="abstract-​title">Abstract</​div><p>The·​FreeBSD·​project·​is·​a·​worldwide,​·​voluntary,​·​and
9 ········​collaborative·​project,​·​which·​develops·​a·​portable·​and·​high-​quality9 ········​collaborative·​project,​·​which·​develops·​a·​portable·​and·​high-​quality
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21 ······​[21 ······​[
22 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">Split·​HTML</​a>22 ······​<a·​href="index.​html">Split·​HTML</​a>
23 ······​/​23 ······​/​
24 ······24 ······
25 »       ​··​Single·​HTML25 »       ​··​Single·​HTML
26 »       ​26 »       ​
27 ······​]27 ······​]
28 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">Table·​of·​Contents</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#introduction">​1.​·​Introduction</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#freebsd-​intro">2.​·​FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#freebsd-​collaboration">3.​·​Collaborating·​with·​FreeBSD</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#conclusion">4.​·​Conclusion</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="bibliography">​<a·​href="#idp59759672">B​ibliography</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="introduction"></​a>1.​ Introduction</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD·​today·​is·​well-​known·​as·​a·​high-​performance·​server28 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">Table·​of·​Contents</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#introduction">​1.​·​Introduction</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#freebsd-​intro">2.​·​FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#freebsd-​collaboration">3.​·​Collaborating·​with·​FreeBSD</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#conclusion">4.​·​Conclusion</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="bibliography">​<a·​href="#idp59743160">B​ibliography</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="introduction"></​a>1.​ Introduction</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD·​today·​is·​well-​known·​as·​a·​high-​performance·​server
29 ······​operating·​system.​··​It·​is·​deployed·​on·​millions·​of·​web·​servers·​and29 ······​operating·​system.​··​It·​is·​deployed·​on·​millions·​of·​web·​servers·​and
30 ······​internet-​facing·​hosts·​worldwide.​··​FreeBSD·​code·​also·​forms·​an30 ······​internet-​facing·​hosts·​worldwide.​··​FreeBSD·​code·​also·​forms·​an
31 ······​integral·​part·​of·​many·​products,​·​ranging·​from·​appliances·​such·​as31 ······​integral·​part·​of·​many·​products,​·​ranging·​from·​appliances·​such·​as
32 ······​network·​routers,​·​firewalls,​·​and·​storage·​devices,​·​to·​personal32 ······​network·​routers,​·​firewalls,​·​and·​storage·​devices,​·​to·​personal
33 ······​computers.​··​Portions·​of·​FreeBSD·​have·​also·​been·​used·​in33 ······​computers.​··​Portions·​of·​FreeBSD·​have·​also·​been·​used·​in
34 ······​commercial·​shrink-​wrapped·​software·​(see34 ······​commercial·​shrink-​wrapped·​software·​(see
35 ······​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#freebsd-​intro"·​title="2.​ FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks">Section 2,​·​&#8220;​FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks&#8221;​</​a>)​.​</​p><p>In·​this·​article·​we·​look·​at·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​project</​a>·​as·​a·​software35 ······​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#freebsd-​intro"·​title="2.​ FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks">Section 2,​·​&#8220;​FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks&#8221;​</​a>)​.​</​p><p>In·​this·​article·​we·​look·​at·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​project</​a>·​as·​a·​software
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41 ······​of·​collaboration·​with·​the·​project·​and·​the·​pitfalls·​that·​need·​to41 ······​of·​collaboration·​with·​the·​project·​and·​the·​pitfalls·​that·​need·​to
42 ······​be·​avoided·​while·​doing·​so.​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">Caveat·​Reader.​ </​span>The·​author·​believes·​that·​the·​characteristics·​of·​the·​FreeBSD42 ······​be·​avoided·​while·​doing·​so.​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">Caveat·​Reader.​ </​span>The·​author·​believes·​that·​the·​characteristics·​of·​the·​FreeBSD
43 ······»       ​Project·​listed·​in·​this·​article·​were·​substantially·​true·​at·​the43 ······»       ​Project·​listed·​in·​this·​article·​were·​substantially·​true·​at·​the
44 »       ​time·​the·​article·​was·​conceived·​and·​written·​(2005)​.​··​However,​·​the44 »       ​time·​the·​article·​was·​conceived·​and·​written·​(2005)​.​··​However,​·​the
45 »       ​reader·​should·​keep·​in·​mind·​that·​the·​practices·​and·​processes·​used45 »       ​reader·​should·​keep·​in·​mind·​that·​the·​practices·​and·​processes·​used
46 »       ​by·​open-​source·​communities·​can·​change·​over·​time,​·​and·​that·​the·​information46 »       ​by·​open-​source·​communities·​can·​change·​over·​time,​·​and·​that·​the·​information
47 »       ​in·​this·​article·​should·​therefore·​be·​taken·​as·​indicative·​rather47 »       ​in·​this·​article·​should·​therefore·​be·​taken·​as·​indicative·​rather
48 »       ​than·​normative.​</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp58161208"></​a>1.​1.​ Target·​Audience</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>This·​document·​would·​be·​of·​interest·​to·​the·​following·​broad48 »       ​than·​normative.​</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp58464824"></​a>1.​1.​ Target·​Audience</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>This·​document·​would·​be·​of·​interest·​to·​the·​following·​broad
49 ········​groups·​of·​people:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">Deci​sion·​makers·​in·​product·​companies·​looking·​at49 ········​groups·​of·​people:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">Deci​sion·​makers·​in·​product·​companies·​looking·​at
50 ············​ways·​to·​improve·​their·​product·​quality,​·​reduce·​their·​time50 ············​ways·​to·​improve·​their·​product·​quality,​·​reduce·​their·​time
51 ············​to·​market·​and·​lower·​engineering·​costs·​in·​the·​long51 ············​to·​market·​and·​lower·​engineering·​costs·​in·​the·​long
52 ············​term.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">Tech​nology·​consultants·​looking·​for·​best-​practices52 ············​term.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">Tech​nology·​consultants·​looking·​for·​best-​practices
53 ············​in·​leveraging·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">open-​source</​span>&#8221;​</​span>.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">Indu​stry·​observers·​interested·​in·​understanding·​the53 ············​in·​leveraging·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">open-​source</​span>&#8221;​</​span>.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">Indu​stry·​observers·​interested·​in·​understanding·​the
54 ············​dynamics·​of·​open-​source·​projects.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">Soft​ware·​developers·​seeking·​to·​use·​FreeBSD·​and54 ············​dynamics·​of·​open-​source·​projects.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">Soft​ware·​developers·​seeking·​to·​use·​FreeBSD·​and
55 ············​looking·​for·​ways·​to·​contribute·​back.​</​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp58465720"></​a>1.​2.​ Article·​Goals</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>After·​reading·​this·​article·​you·​should·​have:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">An·​understanding·​of·​the·​goals·​of·​the·​FreeBSD55 ············​looking·​for·​ways·​to·​contribute·​back.​</​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59057720"></​a>1.​2.​ Article·​Goals</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>After·​reading·​this·​article·​you·​should·​have:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">An·​understanding·​of·​the·​goals·​of·​the·​FreeBSD
56 ············​Project·​and·​its·​organizational·​structure.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">An·​overview·​of·​the·​available·​technology·​in·​the56 ············​Project·​and·​its·​organizational·​structure.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">An·​overview·​of·​the·​available·​technology·​in·​the
57 ············​project.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">An·​understanding·​of·​its·​development·​model·​and57 ············​project.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">An·​understanding·​of·​its·​development·​model·​and
58 ············​release·​engineering·​processes.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">An·​understanding·​of·​how·​conventional·​corporate58 ············​release·​engineering·​processes.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">An·​understanding·​of·​how·​conventional·​corporate
59 ············​software·​development·​processes·​differ·​from·​that·​used·​in59 ············​software·​development·​processes·​differ·​from·​that·​used·​in
60 ············​the·​FreeBSD·​project.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">Awar​eness·​of·​the·​communication·​channels·​used·​by·​the60 ············​the·​FreeBSD·​project.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">Awar​eness·​of·​the·​communication·​channels·​used·​by·​the
61 ············​project·​and·​the·​level·​of·​transparency·​you·​can61 ············​project·​and·​the·​level·​of·​transparency·​you·​can
62 ············​expect.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">Awar​eness·​of·​optimal·​ways·​of·​working·​with·​the62 ············​expect.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">Awar​eness·​of·​optimal·​ways·​of·​working·​with·​the
63 ············​project&#8212;​how·​best·​to·​reduce·​engineering·​costs,​63 ············​project&#8212;​how·​best·​to·​reduce·​engineering·​costs,​
64 ············​improve·​time·​to·​market,​·​manage·​security·​vulnerabilities,​64 ············​improve·​time·​to·​market,​·​manage·​security·​vulnerabilities,​
65 ············​and·​preserve·​future·​compatibility·​with·​your·​product·​as·​the65 ············​and·​preserve·​future·​compatibility·​with·​your·​product·​as·​the
66 ············​FreeBSD·​project·​evolves.​</​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59287352"></​a>1.​3.​ Article·​Structure</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​rest·​of·​the·​article·​is·​structured·​as·​follows:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><a·​class="xref"·​href="#freebsd-​intro"·​title="2.​ FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks">Section 2,​·​&#8220;​FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks&#8221;​</​a>·​introduces·​the66 ············​FreeBSD·​project·​evolves.​</​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59202232"></​a>1.​3.​ Article·​Structure</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​rest·​of·​the·​article·​is·​structured·​as·​follows:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><a·​class="xref"·​href="#freebsd-​intro"·​title="2.​ FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks">Section 2,​·​&#8220;​FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks&#8221;​</​a>·​introduces·​the
67 ············​FreeBSD·​project,​·​explores·​its·​organizational·​structure,​67 ············​FreeBSD·​project,​·​explores·​its·​organizational·​structure,​
68 ············​key·​technologies·​and·​release·​engineering68 ············​key·​technologies·​and·​release·​engineering
69 ············​processes.​</​li><li·​class="listitem"><a·​class="xref"·​href="#freebsd-​collaboration"·​title="3.​ Collaborating·​with·​FreeBSD">Section 3,​·​&#8220;​Collaborating·​with·​FreeBSD&#8221;​</​a>·​describes69 ············​processes.​</​li><li·​class="listitem"><a·​class="xref"·​href="#freebsd-​collaboration"·​title="3.​ Collaborating·​with·​FreeBSD">Section 3,​·​&#8220;​Collaborating·​with·​FreeBSD&#8221;​</​a>·​describes
70 ············​ways·​to·​collaborate·​with·​the·​FreeBSD·​project.​··​It·​examines70 ············​ways·​to·​collaborate·​with·​the·​FreeBSD·​project.​··​It·​examines
71 ············​common·​pitfalls·​encountered·​by·​corporates·​working·​with71 ············​common·​pitfalls·​encountered·​by·​corporates·​working·​with
72 ············​voluntary·​projects·​like·​FreeBSD.​</​li><li·​class="listitem"><a·​class="xref"·​href="#conclusion"·​title="4.​ Conclusion">Section ​4,​·​&#8220;​Conclusion&#8221;​</​a>·​concludes.​</​li></​ul></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="freebsd-​intro"></​a>2.​ FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD·​makes·​an·​excellent·​foundation·​on·​which·​to·​build72 ············​voluntary·​projects·​like·​FreeBSD.​</​li><li·​class="listitem"><a·​class="xref"·​href="#conclusion"·​title="4.​ Conclusion">Section ​4,​·​&#8220;​Conclusion&#8221;​</​a>·​concludes.​</​li></​ul></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="freebsd-​intro"></​a>2.​ FreeBSD·​as·​a·​set·​of·​building·​blocks</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD·​makes·​an·​excellent·​foundation·​on·​which·​to·​build
73 ······​products:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">Free​BSD·​source·​code·​is·​distributed·​under·​a·​liberal73 ······​products:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">Free​BSD·​source·​code·​is·​distributed·​under·​a·​liberal
74 ··········​BSD·​license·​facilitating·​its·​adoption·​in·​commercial·​products74 ··········​BSD·​license·​facilitating·​its·​adoption·​in·​commercial·​products
75 ··········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59868088"><​span·​class="citation">Mon2​005</​span></​a>]·​with·​minimum·​hassle.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">The·​FreeBSD·​project·​has·​excellent·​engineering75 ··········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59861048"><​span·​class="citation">Mon2​005</​span></​a>]·​with·​minimum·​hassle.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">The·​FreeBSD·​project·​has·​excellent·​engineering
76 ··········​practices·​that·​can·​be·​leveraged.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">The·​project·​offers·​exceptional·​transparency·​into·​its76 ··········​practices·​that·​can·​be·​leveraged.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">The·​project·​offers·​exceptional·​transparency·​into·​its
77 ··········​workings,​·​allowing·​organizations·​using·​its·​code·​to·​plan77 ··········​workings,​·​allowing·​organizations·​using·​its·​code·​to·​plan
78 ··········​effectively·​for·​the·​future.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">The·​culture·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​project,​·​carried·​over·​from78 ··········​effectively·​for·​the·​future.​</​li><li·​class="listitem">The·​culture·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​project,​·​carried·​over·​from
79 ··········​the·​Computer·​Science·​Research·​Group·​at·​The·​University·​of79 ··········​the·​Computer·​Science·​Research·​Group·​at·​The·​University·​of
80 ··········​California,​·​Berkeley·​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59850552"><​span·​class="citation">McKu​1999-​1</​span></​a>],​80 ··········​California,​·​Berkeley·​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59835832"><​span·​class="citation">McKu​1999-​1</​span></​a>],​
81 ··········​fosters·​high-​quality·​work.​·​Some·​features·​in·​FreeBSD·​define81 ··········​fosters·​high-​quality·​work.​·​Some·​features·​in·​FreeBSD·​define
82 ··········​the·​state·​of·​the·​art.​</​li></​ul></​div><p>[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59802424"><​span·​class="citation">Gold​Gab2005</​span></​a>]·​examines·​the·​business82 ··········​the·​state·​of·​the·​art.​</​li></​ul></​div><p>[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59780664"><​span·​class="citation">Gold​Gab2005</​span></​a>]·​examines·​the·​business
83 ······​reasons·​for·​using·​open-​source·​in·​greater·​detail.​··​For83 ······​reasons·​for·​using·​open-​source·​in·​greater·​detail.​··​For
84 ······​organizations,​·​the·​benefits·​of·​using·​FreeBSD·​components·​in·​their84 ······​organizations,​·​the·​benefits·​of·​using·​FreeBSD·​components·​in·​their
85 ······​products·​include·​a·​shorter·​time·​to·​market,​·​lower·​development85 ······​products·​include·​a·​shorter·​time·​to·​market,​·​lower·​development
86 ······​costs·​and·​lower·​development·​risks.​·​</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59315128"></​a>2.​1.​ Building·​with·​FreeBSD</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Here·​are·​a·​few·​ways·​organizations·​have·​used86 ······​costs·​and·​lower·​development·​risks.​·​</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59284920"></​a>2.​1.​ Building·​with·​FreeBSD</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Here·​are·​a·​few·​ways·​organizations·​have·​used
87 ········​FreeBSD:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p·​class="simpara">As·​an·​upstream·​source·​for·​tested·​code·​for·​libraries87 ········​FreeBSD:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p·​class="simpara">As·​an·​upstream·​source·​for·​tested·​code·​for·​libraries
88 ············​and·​utilities.​</​p><p·​class="simpara">By·​being·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">downstr​eam</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​of·​the·​project,​88 ············​and·​utilities.​</​p><p·​class="simpara">By·​being·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">downstr​eam</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​of·​the·​project,​
89 ············​organizations·​leverage·​the·​new·​features,​·​bug·​fixes·​and89 ············​organizations·​leverage·​the·​new·​features,​·​bug·​fixes·​and
90 ············​testing·​that·​the·​upstream·​code·​receives.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p·​class="simpara">As·​an·​embedded·​OS·​(for·​example,​·​for·​an·​OEM·​router90 ············​testing·​that·​the·​upstream·​code·​receives.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p·​class="simpara">As·​an·​embedded·​OS·​(for·​example,​·​for·​an·​OEM·​router
91 ············​and·​firewall·​device)​.​··​In·​this·​model,​·​organizations·​use·​a91 ············​and·​firewall·​device)​.​··​In·​this·​model,​·​organizations·​use·​a
92 ············​customized·​FreeBSD·​kernel·​and·​application·​program·​set92 ············​customized·​FreeBSD·​kernel·​and·​application·​program·​set
93 ············​along·​with·​a·​proprietary·​management·​layer·​for·​their93 ············​along·​with·​a·​proprietary·​management·​layer·​for·​their
Offset 167, 36 lines modifiedOffset 167, 36 lines modified
167 ············​framework·​allows·​kernel·​networking·​modules·​to·​be·​connected167 ············​framework·​allows·​kernel·​networking·​modules·​to·​be·​connected
168 ············​together·​in·​flexible·​ways.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p·​class="simpara">Suppo​rt·​for·​advanced·​storage·​technologies:​·​Fibre168 ············​together·​in·​flexible·​ways.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p·​class="simpara">Suppo​rt·​for·​advanced·​storage·​technologies:​·​Fibre
169 ············​Channel,​··​<acronym·​class="acronym">SCSI<​/​acronym>,​·​software·​and·​hardware169 ············​Channel,​··​<acronym·​class="acronym">SCSI<​/​acronym>,​·​software·​and·​hardware
170 ············​RAID,​·​<acronym·​class="acronym">ATA</​acronym>·​and170 ············​RAID,​·​<acronym·​class="acronym">ATA</​acronym>·​and
171 ············​<acronym·​class="acronym">SATA<​/​acronym>.​</​p><p·​class="simpara">FreeB​SD·​supports·​a·​number·​of·​filesystems,​·​and·​its171 ············​<acronym·​class="acronym">SATA<​/​acronym>.​</​p><p·​class="simpara">FreeB​SD·​supports·​a·​number·​of·​filesystems,​·​and·​its
172 ············​native·​UFS2·​filesystem·​supports·​soft·​updates,​·​snapshots·​and172 ············​native·​UFS2·​filesystem·​supports·​soft·​updates,​·​snapshots·​and
173 ············​very·​large·​filesystem·​sizes·​(16TB·​per·​filesystem)​173 ············​very·​large·​filesystem·​sizes·​(16TB·​per·​filesystem)​
174 ············​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59826488"><​span·​class="citation">McKu​1999</​span></​a>].​</​p><p·​class="simpara">FreeB​SD's·​in-​kernel·​<acronym·​class="acronym">GEOM<​/​acronym>·​(<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=geom&amp;​sektion=4&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>geom</​span>(4)​</​span></​a>)​174 ············​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59817144"><​span·​class="citation">McKu​1999</​span></​a>].​</​p><p·​class="simpara">FreeB​SD's·​in-​kernel·​<acronym·​class="acronym">GEOM<​/​acronym>·​(<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=geom&amp;​sektion=4&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>geom</​span>(4)​</​span></​a>)​
175 ············​framework·​allows·​kernel·​storage·​modules·​to·​be175 ············​framework·​allows·​kernel·​storage·​modules·​to·​be
176 ············​composed·​in·​flexible·​ways.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem">Over​·​24,​000·​ported·​applications,​·​both·​commercial176 ············​composed·​in·​flexible·​ways.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem">Over​·​24,​000·​ported·​applications,​·​both·​commercial
177 ············​and·​open-​source,​·​managed·​via·​the·​FreeBSD·​ports177 ············​and·​open-​source,​·​managed·​via·​the·​FreeBSD·​ports
178 ············​collection.​</​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59490616"></​a>2.​3.​ Organizational·​Structure</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD's·​organizational·​structure·​is178 ············​collection.​</​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59463864"></​a>2.​3.​ Organizational·​Structure</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD's·​organizational·​structure·​is
179 ········​non-​hierarchical.​</​p><p>There·​are·​essentially·​two·​kinds·​of·​contributors·​to179 ········​non-​hierarchical.​</​p><p>There·​are·​essentially·​two·​kinds·​of·​contributors·​to
180 ········​FreeBSD,​·​general·​users·​of·​FreeBSD,​·​and·​developers·​with·​write180 ········​FreeBSD,​·​general·​users·​of·​FreeBSD,​·​and·​developers·​with·​write
181 ········​access·​(known·​as·​<em·​class="firstterm">com​mitters</​em>·​in·​the181 ········​access·​(known·​as·​<em·​class="firstterm">com​mitters</​em>·​in·​the
182 ········​jargon)​·​to·​the·​source·​base.​</​p><p>There·​are·​many·​thousands·​of·​contributors·​in·​the·​first182 ········​jargon)​·​to·​the·​source·​base.​</​p><p>There·​are·​many·​thousands·​of·​contributors·​in·​the·​first
183 ········​group;​·​the·​vast·​majority·​of·​contributions·​to·​FreeBSD·​come·​from183 ········​group;​·​the·​vast·​majority·​of·​contributions·​to·​FreeBSD·​come·​from
184 ········​individuals·​in·​this·​group.​··​Commit·​rights·​(write·​access)​·​to184 ········​individuals·​in·​this·​group.​··​Commit·​rights·​(write·​access)​·​to
185 ········​the·​repository·​are·​granted·​to·​individuals·​who·​contribute185 ········​the·​repository·​are·​granted·​to·​individuals·​who·​contribute
186 ········​consistently·​to·​the·​project.​··​Commit·​rights·​come·​with186 ········​consistently·​to·​the·​project.​··​Commit·​rights·​come·​with
187 ········​additional·​responsibilities,​·​and·​new·​committers·​are·​assigned187 ········​additional·​responsibilities,​·​and·​new·​committers·​are·​assigned
188 ········​mentors·​to·​help·​them·​learn·​the·​ropes.​</​p><div·​class="figure"><a·​id="idp59497144"></​a><div·​class="figure-​title">Figure 1.​ FreeBSD·​Organization</​div><div·​class="figure-​contents"><div·​class="mediaobject"><​img·​src=".​.​/​.​.​/​articles/​building-​products/​freebsd-​organization.​png"·​alt="FreeBSD·​Organization"·​/​></​div></​div></​div><br·​class="figure-​break"·​/​><p>Conflict·​resolution·​is·​performed·​by·​a·​nine·​member188 ········​mentors·​to·​help·​them·​learn·​the·​ropes.​</​p><div·​class="figure"><a·​id="idp59484088"></​a><div·​class="figure-​title">Figure 1.​ FreeBSD·​Organization</​div><div·​class="figure-​contents"><div·​class="mediaobject"><​img·​src=".​.​/​.​.​/​articles/​building-​products/​freebsd-​organization.​png"·​alt="FreeBSD·​Organization"·​/​></​div></​div></​div><br·​class="figure-​break"·​/​><p>Conflict·​resolution·​is·​performed·​by·​a·​nine·​member
189 ········​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">Core·​Team</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​that·​is·​elected·​from·​the·​group·​of189 ········​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">Core·​Team</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​that·​is·​elected·​from·​the·​group·​of
190 ········​committers.​</​p><p>FreeBSD·​does·​not·​have·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">corpora​te</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​committers.​190 ········​committers.​</​p><p>FreeBSD·​does·​not·​have·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">corpora​te</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​committers.​
191 ········​Individual·​committers·​are·​required·​to·​take·​responsibility·​for191 ········​Individual·​committers·​are·​required·​to·​take·​responsibility·​for
192 ········​the·​changes·​they·​introduce·​to·​the·​code.​··​The·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​committers-​guide"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​Committer's192 ········​the·​changes·​they·​introduce·​to·​the·​code.​··​The·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​committers-​guide"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​Committer's
193 ··········​guide</​a>·​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59783864"><​span·​class="citation">ComG​uide</​span></​a>]·​documents·​the193 ··········​guide</​a>·​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59766328"><​span·​class="citation">ComG​uide</​span></​a>]·​documents·​the
194 ········​rules·​and·​responsibilities·​for·​committers.​</​p><p>FreeBSD's·​project·​model·​is·​examined·​in·​detail·​in194 ········​rules·​and·​responsibilities·​for·​committers.​</​p><p>FreeBSD's·​project·​model·​is·​examined·​in·​detail·​in
195 ········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59891896"><​span·​class="citation">Nik2​005</​span></​a>].​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59523896"></​a>2.​4.​ FreeBSD·​Release·​Engineering·​Processes</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD's·​release·​engineering·​processes·​play·​a·​major·​role195 ········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59876792"><​span·​class="citation">Nik2​005</​span></​a>].​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59500600"></​a>2.​4.​ FreeBSD·​Release·​Engineering·​Processes</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD's·​release·​engineering·​processes·​play·​a·​major·​role
196 ········​in·​ensuring·​that·​its·​released·​versions·​are·​of·​a·​high·​quality.​196 ········​in·​ensuring·​that·​its·​released·​versions·​are·​of·​a·​high·​quality.​
197 ········​At·​any·​point·​of·​time,​·​FreeBSD's·​volunteers·​support·​multiple197 ········​At·​any·​point·​of·​time,​·​FreeBSD's·​volunteers·​support·​multiple
198 ········​code·​lines·​(<a·​class="xref"·​href="#fig-​freebsd-​branches"·​title="Figure 2.​ FreeBSD·​Release·​Branches">Figure 2,​·​&#8220;​FreeBSD·​Release·​Branches&#8221;​</​a>)​:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">New·​features·​and·​disruptive·​code·​enters·​on·​the198 ········​code·​lines·​(<a·​class="xref"·​href="#fig-​freebsd-​branches"·​title="Figure 2.​ FreeBSD·​Release·​Branches">Figure 2,​·​&#8220;​FreeBSD·​Release·​Branches&#8221;​</​a>)​:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">New·​features·​and·​disruptive·​code·​enters·​on·​the
199 ············​development·​branch,​·​also·​known·​as·​the199 ············​development·​branch,​·​also·​known·​as·​the
200 ············​<em·​class="firstterm">-​CURRENT</​em>·​branch.​</​li><li·​class="listitem"><em·​class="firstterm">-​STABLE</​em>·​branches·​are·​code200 ············​<em·​class="firstterm">-​CURRENT</​em>·​branch.​</​li><li·​class="listitem"><em·​class="firstterm">-​STABLE</​em>·​branches·​are·​code
201 ············​lines·​that·​are·​branched·​from·​HEAD·​at·​regular·​intervals.​201 ············​lines·​that·​are·​branched·​from·​HEAD·​at·​regular·​intervals.​
202 ············​Only·​tested·​code·​is·​allowed·​onto·​a·​-​STABLE·​branch.​··​New202 ············​Only·​tested·​code·​is·​allowed·​onto·​a·​-​STABLE·​branch.​··​New
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213 ········​experimental·​architectures·​comprise·​<em·​class="firstterm">Tie​r213 ········​experimental·​architectures·​comprise·​<em·​class="firstterm">Tie​r
214 ··········​3</​em>.​··​The·​list·​of·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​committers-​guide/​archs.​html"·​target="_top">support​ed214 ··········​3</​em>.​··​The·​list·​of·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​committers-​guide/​archs.​html"·​target="_top">support​ed
215 ··········​architectures</​a>·​is·​part·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​documentation215 ··········​architectures</​a>·​is·​part·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​documentation
216 ········​collection.​</​p><p>The·​release·​engineering·​team·​publishes·​a·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​releng/​"·​target="_top">road·​map</​a>·​for·​future216 ········​collection.​</​p><p>The·​release·​engineering·​team·​publishes·​a·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​releng/​"·​target="_top">road·​map</​a>·​for·​future
217 ········​releases·​of·​FreeBSD·​on·​the·​project's·​web·​site.​··​The·​dates·​laid217 ········​releases·​of·​FreeBSD·​on·​the·​project's·​web·​site.​··​The·​dates·​laid
218 ········​down·​in·​the·​road·​map·​are·​not·​deadlines;​·​FreeBSD·​is·​released218 ········​down·​in·​the·​road·​map·​are·​not·​deadlines;​·​FreeBSD·​is·​released
219 ········​when·​its·​code·​and·​documentation·​are·​ready.​</​p><p>FreeBSD's·​release·​engineering·​processes·​are·​described·​in219 ········​when·​its·​code·​and·​documentation·​are·​ready.​</​p><p>FreeBSD's·​release·​engineering·​processes·​are·​described·​in
220 ········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59943864"><​span·​class="citation">RelE​ngDoc</​span></​a>].​</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="freebsd-​collaboration"></​a>3.​ Collaborating·​with·​FreeBSD</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Open-​source·​projects·​like·​FreeBSD·​offer·​finished·​code·​of·​a220 ········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59945144"><​span·​class="citation">RelE​ngDoc</​span></​a>].​</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="freebsd-​collaboration"></​a>3.​ Collaborating·​with·​FreeBSD</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Open-​source·​projects·​like·​FreeBSD·​offer·​finished·​code·​of·​a
221 ······​very·​high·​quality·​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59791288"><​span·​class="citation">Cov2​005</​span></​a>].​··​Previous221 ······​very·​high·​quality·​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59773240"><​span·​class="citation">Cov2​005</​span></​a>].​··​Previous
222 ······​studies·​have·​examined·​the·​effect·​of·​source·​code·​availability·​on222 ······​studies·​have·​examined·​the·​effect·​of·​source·​code·​availability·​on
223 ······​software·​development·​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59770040"><​span·​class="citation">Com2​004</​span></​a>].​</​p><p>While·​access·​to·​quality·​source·​code·​can·​reduce·​the·​cost·​of223 ······​software·​development·​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59752632"><​span·​class="citation">Com2​004</​span></​a>].​</​p><p>While·​access·​to·​quality·​source·​code·​can·​reduce·​the·​cost·​of
224 ······​initial·​development,​·​in·​the·​long-​term·​the·​costs·​of·​managing224 ······​initial·​development,​·​in·​the·​long-​term·​the·​costs·​of·​managing
225 ······​change·​begin·​to·​dominate.​·​As·​computing·​environments·​change·​over225 ······​change·​begin·​to·​dominate.​·​As·​computing·​environments·​change·​over
226 ······​the·​years·​and·​new·​security·​vulnerabilities·​are·​discovered,​·​your226 ······​the·​years·​and·​new·​security·​vulnerabilities·​are·​discovered,​·​your
227 ······​product·​too·​needs·​to·​change·​and·​adapt.​·​Using·​open-​source·​code·​is227 ······​product·​too·​needs·​to·​change·​and·​adapt.​·​Using·​open-​source·​code·​is
228 ······​best·​viewed·​not·​as·​a·​one-​off·​activity,​·​but·​as·​an228 ······​best·​viewed·​not·​as·​a·​one-​off·​activity,​·​but·​as·​an
229 ······​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​ongoing·​process</​em></​span>.​·​The·​best·​projects·​to229 ······​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​ongoing·​process</​em></​span>.​·​The·​best·​projects·​to
230 ······​collaborate·​with·​are·​the·​ones·​that·​are230 ······​collaborate·​with·​are·​the·​ones·​that·​are
231 ······​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​live</​em></​span>;​·​i.​e.​,​·​with·​an·​active·​community,​·​clear231 ······​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​live</​em></​span>;​·​i.​e.​,​·​with·​an·​active·​community,​·​clear
232 ······​goals·​and·​a·​transparent·​working·​style.​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">Free​BSD·​has·​an·​active·​developer·​community·​around·​it.​232 ······​goals·​and·​a·​transparent·​working·​style.​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">Free​BSD·​has·​an·​active·​developer·​community·​around·​it.​
233 ··········​At·​the·​time·​of·​writing·​there·​are·​many·​thousands·​of233 ··········​At·​the·​time·​of·​writing·​there·​are·​many·​thousands·​of
234 ··········​contributors·​from·​every·​populated·​continent·​in·​the·​world·​and234 ··········​contributors·​from·​every·​populated·​continent·​in·​the·​world·​and
235 ··········​over·​300·​individuals·​with·​write·​access·​to·​the·​project's235 ··········​over·​300·​individuals·​with·​write·​access·​to·​the·​project's
236 ··········​source·​repositories.​</​li><li·​class="listitem"><p·​class="simpara">The·​goals·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​project·​are236 ··········​source·​repositories.​</​li><li·​class="listitem"><p·​class="simpara">The·​goals·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​project·​are
237 ··········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59816248"><​span·​class="citation">Hub1​994</​span></​a>]:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist·​compact"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​circle;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">To·​develop·​a·​high-​quality·​operating·​system·​for237 ··········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59794104"><​span·​class="citation">Hub1​994</​span></​a>]:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist·​compact"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​circle;​·​"><li·​class="listitem">To·​develop·​a·​high-​quality·​operating·​system·​for
238 ··············​popular·​computer·​hardware,​·​and,​</​li><li·​class="listitem">To·​make·​our·​work·​available·​to·​all·​under·​a·​liberal238 ··············​popular·​computer·​hardware,​·​and,​</​li><li·​class="listitem">To·​make·​our·​work·​available·​to·​all·​under·​a·​liberal
239 ··············​license.​</​li></​ul></​div></​li><li·​class="listitem">Free​BSD·​enjoys·​an·​open·​and·​transparent·​working239 ··············​license.​</​li></​ul></​div></​li><li·​class="listitem">Free​BSD·​enjoys·​an·​open·​and·​transparent·​working
240 ··········​culture.​··​Nearly·​all·​discussion·​in·​the·​project·​happens·​by240 ··········​culture.​··​Nearly·​all·​discussion·​in·​the·​project·​happens·​by
241 ··········​email,​·​on·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo"·​target="_top">public·​mailing241 ··········​email,​·​on·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo"·​target="_top">public·​mailing
242 ············​lists</​a>·​that·​are·​also·​archived·​for·​posterity.​·​The242 ············​lists</​a>·​that·​are·​also·​archived·​for·​posterity.​·​The
243 ··········​project's·​policies·​are·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​internal/​policies.​html"·​target="_top">documen​ted</​a>243 ··········​project's·​policies·​are·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​internal/​policies.​html"·​target="_top">documen​ted</​a>
244 ··········​and·​maintained·​under·​revision·​control.​·​Participation·​in·​the244 ··········​and·​maintained·​under·​revision·​control.​·​Participation·​in·​the
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248 ········​make·​when·​venturing·​into·​the·​open-​source·​world·​is·​that·​of248 ········​make·​when·​venturing·​into·​the·​open-​source·​world·​is·​that·​of
249 ········​underplaying·​these·​differences.​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">Motivation.​ </​span>Most·​contributions·​to·​FreeBSD·​are·​done·​voluntarily249 ········​underplaying·​these·​differences.​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">Motivation.​ </​span>Most·​contributions·​to·​FreeBSD·​are·​done·​voluntarily
250 ··········​without·​monetary·​rewards·​entering·​the·​picture.​··​The·​factors250 ··········​without·​monetary·​rewards·​entering·​the·​picture.​··​The·​factors
251 ··········​that·​motivate·​individuals·​are·​complex,​·​ranging·​from251 ··········​that·​motivate·​individuals·​are·​complex,​·​ranging·​from
252 ··········​altruism,​·​to·​an·​interest·​in·​solving·​the·​kinds·​of·​problems252 ··········​altruism,​·​to·​an·​interest·​in·​solving·​the·​kinds·​of·​problems
253 ··········​that·​FreeBSD·​attempts·​to·​solve.​··​In·​this·​environment,​253 ··········​that·​FreeBSD·​attempts·​to·​solve.​··​In·​this·​environment,​
254 ··········​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">eleganc​e·​is·​never·​optional</​span>&#8221;​</​span>254 ··········​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">eleganc​e·​is·​never·​optional</​span>&#8221;​</​span>
255 ··········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59900728"><​span·​class="citation">Nor1​993</​span></​a>].​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">The·​Long·​Term·​View.​ </​span>FreeBSD·​traces·​its·​roots·​back·​nearly·​twenty·​years·​to·​the255 ··········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59887928"><​span·​class="citation">Nor1​993</​span></​a>].​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">The·​Long·​Term·​View.​ </​span>FreeBSD·​traces·​its·​roots·​back·​nearly·​twenty·​years·​to·​the
256 ··········​work·​of·​the·​Computer·​Science·​Research·​Group·​at·​the256 ··········​work·​of·​the·​Computer·​Science·​Research·​Group·​at·​the
257 ··········​University·​of·​California·​Berkeley.​<a·​href="#ftn.​idp59616568"·​class="footnote"·​id="idp59616568"><sup​·​class="footnote">[1]<​/​sup></​a>··​A·​number·​of·​the·​original·​CSRG·​developers·​remain257 ··········​University·​of·​California·​Berkeley.​<a·​href="#ftn.​idp59600440"·​class="footnote"·​id="idp59600440"><sup​·​class="footnote">[1]<​/​sup></​a>··​A·​number·​of·​the·​original·​CSRG·​developers·​remain
258 ··········​associated·​with·​the·​project.​</​p><p>The·​project·​values·​long-​term·​perspectives258 ··········​associated·​with·​the·​project.​</​p><p>The·​project·​values·​long-​term·​perspectives
259 ········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59914424"><​span·​class="citation">Nor2​001</​span></​a>].​··​A·​frequent·​acronym·​encountered259 ········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59912632"><​span·​class="citation">Nor2​001</​span></​a>].​··​A·​frequent·​acronym·​encountered
260 ········​in·​the·​project·​is·​<acronym·​class="acronym">DTRT<​/​acronym>,​·​which·​stands·​for260 ········​in·​the·​project·​is·​<acronym·​class="acronym">DTRT<​/​acronym>,​·​which·​stands·​for
261 ········​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">Do·​The·​Right·​Thing</​span>&#8221;​</​span>.​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">Development·​Processes.​ </​span>Computer·​programs·​are·​tools·​for·​communication:​·​at·​one261 ········​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">Do·​The·​Right·​Thing</​span>&#8221;​</​span>.​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">Development·​Processes.​ </​span>Computer·​programs·​are·​tools·​for·​communication:​·​at·​one
262 ··········​level·​programmers·​communicate·​their·​intentions·​using·​a262 ··········​level·​programmers·​communicate·​their·​intentions·​using·​a
263 ··········​precise·​notation·​to·​a·​tool·​(a·​compiler)​·​that·​translates263 ··········​precise·​notation·​to·​a·​tool·​(a·​compiler)​·​that·​translates
264 ··········​their·​instructions·​to·​executable·​code.​··​At·​another·​level,​264 ··········​their·​instructions·​to·​executable·​code.​··​At·​another·​level,​
265 ··········​the·​same·​notation·​is·​used·​for·​communication·​of·​intent265 ··········​the·​same·​notation·​is·​used·​for·​communication·​of·​intent
266 ··········​between·​two·​programmers.​</​p><p>Formal·​specifications·​and·​design·​documents·​are·​seldom·​used266 ··········​between·​two·​programmers.​</​p><p>Formal·​specifications·​and·​design·​documents·​are·​seldom·​used
267 ········​in·​the·​project.​··​Clear·​and·​well-​written·​code·​and·​well-​written267 ········​in·​the·​project.​··​Clear·​and·​well-​written·​code·​and·​well-​written
268 ········​change·​logs·​(<a·​class="xref"·​href="#fig-​change-​log"·​title="Figure 3.​ A·​sample·​change·​log·​entry">Figure 3,​·​&#8220;​A·​sample·​change·​log·​entry&#8221;​</​a>)​·​are·​used·​in268 ········​change·​logs·​(<a·​class="xref"·​href="#fig-​change-​log"·​title="Figure 3.​ A·​sample·​change·​log·​entry">Figure 3,​·​&#8220;​A·​sample·​change·​log·​entry&#8221;​</​a>)​·​are·​used·​in
269 ········​their·​place.​··​FreeBSD·​development·​happens·​by·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">rough269 ········​their·​place.​··​FreeBSD·​development·​happens·​by·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">rough
270 ··········​consensus·​and·​running·​code</​span>&#8221;​</​span>270 ··········​consensus·​and·​running·​code</​span>&#8221;​</​span>
271 ········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59760696"><​span·​class="citation">Carp​1996</​span></​a>].​</​p><div·​class="figure"><a·​id="fig-​change-​log"></​a><div·​class="figure-​title">Figure 3.​ A·​sample·​change·​log·​entry</​div><div·​class="figure-​contents"><pre·​class="programlisting​">271 ········​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59744056"><​span·​class="citation">Carp​1996</​span></​a>].​</​p><div·​class="figure"><a·​id="fig-​change-​log"></​a><div·​class="figure-​title">Figure 3.​ A·​sample·​change·​log·​entry</​div><div·​class="figure-​contents"><pre·​class="programlisting​">
272 r151864·​|·​bde·​|·​2005-​10-​29·​09:​34:​50·​-​0700·​(Sat,​·​29·​Oct·​2005)​·​|·​13·​lines272 r151864·​|·​bde·​|·​2005-​10-​29·​09:​34:​50·​-​0700·​(Sat,​·​29·​Oct·​2005)​·​|·​13·​lines
273 Changed·​paths:​273 Changed·​paths:​
274 ···​M·​/​head/​lib/​msun/​src/​e_rem_pio2f.​c274 ···​M·​/​head/​lib/​msun/​src/​e_rem_pio2f.​c
  
275 Use·​double·​precision·​to·​simplify·​and·​optimize·​arg·​reduction·​for·​small275 Use·​double·​precision·​to·​simplify·​and·​optimize·​arg·​reduction·​for·​small
276 and·​medium·​size·​args·​too:​·​instead·​of·​conditionally·​subtracting·​a·​float276 and·​medium·​size·​args·​too:​·​instead·​of·​conditionally·​subtracting·​a·​float
277 17+24,​·​17+17+24·​or·​17+17+17+24·​bit·​approximation·​to·​pi/​2,​·​always277 17+24,​·​17+17+24·​or·​17+17+17+24·​bit·​approximation·​to·​pi/​2,​·​always
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284 double·​version.​284 double·​version.​
  
285 This·​speeds·​up·​arg·​reduction·​by·​a·​factor·​of·​2·​for·​|x|·​between·​3*pi/​4·​and285 This·​speeds·​up·​arg·​reduction·​by·​a·​factor·​of·​2·​for·​|x|·​between·​3*pi/​4·​and
286 2^7*pi/​4,​·​and·​by·​a·​factor·​of·​7·​for·​|x|·​between·​2^7*pi/​4·​and·​2^19*pi/​4.​286 2^7*pi/​4,​·​and·​by·​a·​factor·​of·​7·​for·​|x|·​between·​2^7*pi/​4·​and·​2^19*pi/​4.​
287 ········​</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="figure-​break"·​/​><p>Communication·​between·​programmers·​is·​enhanced·​by·​the287 ········​</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="figure-​break"·​/​><p>Communication·​between·​programmers·​is·​enhanced·​by·​the
288 ········​use·​of·​a·​common·​coding·​standard·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=style&amp;​sektion=9&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>style</​span>(9)​</​span></​a>.​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">Communication·​Channels.​ </​span>FreeBSD's·​contributors·​are·​spread·​across·​the·​world.​288 ········​use·​of·​a·​common·​coding·​standard·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=style&amp;​sektion=9&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>style</​span>(9)​</​span></​a>.​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">Communication·​Channels.​ </​span>FreeBSD's·​contributors·​are·​spread·​across·​the·​world.​
289 ··········​Email·​(and·​to·​a·​lesser·​extent,​·​IRC)​·​is·​the·​preferred·​means289 ··········​Email·​(and·​to·​a·​lesser·​extent,​·​IRC)​·​is·​the·​preferred·​means
290 ··········​of·​communication·​in·​the·​project.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59655352"></​a>3.​2.​ Best·​Practices·​for·​collaborating·​with·​the·​FreeBSD290 ··········​of·​communication·​in·​the·​project.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59641528"></​a>3.​2.​ Best·​Practices·​for·​collaborating·​with·​the·​FreeBSD
291 ········​project</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>We·​now·​look·​at·​a·​few·​best·​practices·​for·​making·​the·​best291 ········​project</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>We·​now·​look·​at·​a·​few·​best·​practices·​for·​making·​the·​best
292 ········​use·​of·​FreeBSD·​in·​product·​development.​</​p><div·​class="variablelist">​<dl·​class="variablelist">​<dt><span·​class="term">Plan·​for·​the·​long·​term</​span></​dt><dd><p>Setup·​processes·​that·​help·​in·​tracking·​the·​development·​of292 ········​use·​of·​FreeBSD·​in·​product·​development.​</​p><div·​class="variablelist">​<dl·​class="variablelist">​<dt><span·​class="term">Plan·​for·​the·​long·​term</​span></​dt><dd><p>Setup·​processes·​that·​help·​in·​tracking·​the·​development·​of
293 ··············​FreeBSD.​··​For·​example:​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">Track·​FreeBSD·​source·​code.​ </​span>The·​project·​makes·​it·​easy·​to·​mirror·​its·​SVN·293 ··············​FreeBSD.​··​For·​example:​</​p><p><span·​class="formalpara-​title">Track·​FreeBSD·​source·​code.​ </​span>The·​project·​makes·​it·​easy·​to·​mirror·​its·​SVN·
294 ················​repository·​using·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​committers-​guide/​article.​html#svn-​advanced-​use-​setting-​up-​svnsync"·​target="_top"><span·​class="application">s​vnsync</​span></​a>.​·​Having294 ················​repository·​using·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​committers-​guide/​article.​html#svn-​advanced-​use-​setting-​up-​svnsync"·​target="_top"><span·​class="application">s​vnsync</​span></​a>.​·​Having
295 ················​the·​complete·​history·​of·​the·​source·​is·​useful·​when295 ················​the·​complete·​history·​of·​the·​source·​is·​useful·​when
296 ················​debugging·​complex·​problems·​and·​offers·​valuable·​insight296 ················​debugging·​complex·​problems·​and·​offers·​valuable·​insight
297 ················​into·​the·​intentions·​of·​the·​original·​developers.​··​Use·​a297 ················​into·​the·​intentions·​of·​the·​original·​developers.​··​Use·​a
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349 ················​of·​consultants·​and·​consulting·​firms</​a>349 ················​of·​consultants·​and·​consulting·​firms</​a>
350 ··············​undertaking·​FreeBSD·​work.​·​The·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​bsdcertification.​org/​"·​target="_top">BSD350 ··············​undertaking·​FreeBSD·​work.​·​The·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​bsdcertification.​org/​"·​target="_top">BSD
351 ················​Certification·​Group</​a>·​offers·​certification·​for351 ················​Certification·​Group</​a>·​offers·​certification·​for
352 ··············​all·​the·​major·​BSD·​derived·​OSes.​</​p><p·​class="simpara">For·​less·​critical·​needs,​·​you·​can·​ask·​for·​help·​on352 ··············​all·​the·​major·​BSD·​derived·​OSes.​</​p><p·​class="simpara">For·​less·​critical·​needs,​·​you·​can·​ask·​for·​help·​on
353 ··············​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo"·​target="_top">project​353 ··············​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo"·​target="_top">project​
354 ················​mailing·​lists</​a>.​··​A·​useful·​guide·​to·​follow·​when354 ················​mailing·​lists</​a>.​··​A·​useful·​guide·​to·​follow·​when
355 ··············​asking·​for·​help·​is·​given·​in355 ··············​asking·​for·​help·​is·​given·​in
356 ··············​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59923000"><​span·​class="citation">Ray2​004</​span></​a>].​356 ··············​[<a·​class="citation"·​href="#idp59924920"><​span·​class="citation">Ray2​004</​span></​a>].​
357 ············​</​p></​dd><dt><span·​class="term">Publiciz​e·​your·​involvement</​span></​dt><dd><p·​class="simpara">You·​are·​not·​required·​to·​publicize·​your·​use·​of357 ············​</​p></​dd><dt><span·​class="term">Publiciz​e·​your·​involvement</​span></​dt><dd><p·​class="simpara">You·​are·​not·​required·​to·​publicize·​your·​use·​of
358 ··············​FreeBSD,​·​but·​doing·​so·​helps·​both·​your·​effort·​as·​well·​as358 ··············​FreeBSD,​·​but·​doing·​so·​helps·​both·​your·​effort·​as·​well·​as
359 ··············​that·​of·​the·​project.​</​p><p·​class="simpara">Letti​ng·​the·​FreeBSD·​community·​know·​that·​your359 ··············​that·​of·​the·​project.​</​p><p·​class="simpara">Letti​ng·​the·​FreeBSD·​community·​know·​that·​your
360 ··············​company·​uses·​FreeBSD·​helps·​improve·​your·​chances·​of360 ··············​company·​uses·​FreeBSD·​helps·​improve·​your·​chances·​of
361 ··············​attracting·​high·​quality·​talent.​··​A·​large·​roster·​of361 ··············​attracting·​high·​quality·​talent.​··​A·​large·​roster·​of
362 ··············​support·​for·​FreeBSD·​also·​means·​more·​mind·​share·​for·​it362 ··············​support·​for·​FreeBSD·​also·​means·​more·​mind·​share·​for·​it
363 ··············​among·​developers.​··​This·​in·​turn·​yields·​a·​healthier363 ··············​among·​developers.​··​This·​in·​turn·​yields·​a·​healthier
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377 ······​improve·​your·​time·​to·​market·​in·​a·​number·​of·​product·​development377 ······​improve·​your·​time·​to·​market·​in·​a·​number·​of·​product·​development
378 ······​scenarios.​</​p><p>We·​examined·​the·​characteristics·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​project·​that378 ······​scenarios.​</​p><p>We·​examined·​the·​characteristics·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​project·​that
379 ······​make·​it·​an·​excellent·​choice·​for·​being·​part·​of·​an·​organization's379 ······​make·​it·​an·​excellent·​choice·​for·​being·​part·​of·​an·​organization's
380 ······​product·​strategy.​··​We·​then·​looked·​at·​the·​prevailing·​culture·​of380 ······​product·​strategy.​··​We·​then·​looked·​at·​the·​prevailing·​culture·​of
381 ······​the·​project·​and·​examined·​effective·​ways·​of·​interacting·​with·​its381 ······​the·​project·​and·​examined·​effective·​ways·​of·​interacting·​with·​its
382 ······​developers.​··​The·​article·​concluded·​with·​a·​list·​of·​best-​practices382 ······​developers.​··​The·​article·​concluded·​with·​a·​list·​of·​best-​practices
383 ······​that·​could·​help·​organizations·​collaborating·​with·​the383 ······​that·​could·​help·​organizations·​collaborating·​with·​the
384 ······​project.​</​p></​div><div·​class="bibliography">​<div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59759672"></​a>Bibliography</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59760696"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Carp19​96</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​ietf.​org/​rfc/​rfc1958.​txt"·​target="_top">The384 ······​project.​</​p></​div><div·​class="bibliography">​<div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59743160"></​a>Bibliography</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59744056"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Carp19​96</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​ietf.​org/​rfc/​rfc1958.​txt"·​target="_top">The
385 ··········​Architectural·​Principles·​of·​the·​Internet</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">B.​</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Carpe​nter</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​1996.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59770040"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Com200​4</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​csdl.​computer.​org/​comp/​mags/​so/​2004/​01/​s1028.​pdf"·​target="_top">How385 ··········​Architectural·​Principles·​of·​the·​Internet</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">B.​</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Carpe​nter</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​1996.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59752632"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Com200​4</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​csdl.​computer.​org/​comp/​mags/​so/​2004/​01/​s1028.​pdf"·​target="_top">How
386 ··········​is·​Open-​Source·​Affecting·​Software386 ··········​is·​Open-​Source·​Affecting·​Software
387 ··········​Development?</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Dio​midis</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Spine​llis</​span>·​and·​<span·​class="firstname">Cle​mens</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Szype​rski</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle">IEE​E·​Computer</​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​Jan/​Feb·​2004.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>IEEE·​Computer·​Society.​·​</​span></​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59783864"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">ComGui​de</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​committers-​guide"·​target="_top">Committ​er's387 ··········​Development?</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Dio​midis</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Spine​llis</​span>·​and·​<span·​class="firstname">Cle​mens</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Szype​rski</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle">IEE​E·​Computer</​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​Jan/​Feb·​2004.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>IEEE·​Computer·​Society.​·​</​span></​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59766328"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">ComGui​de</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​committers-​guide"·​target="_top">Committ​er's
388 ··········​Guide</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup">.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2005.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59791288"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Cov200​5</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​coverity.​com/​news/​nf_news_06_27_05_stor​y_9.​html"·​target="_top">Coverit​y388 ··········​Guide</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup">.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2005.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59773240"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Cov200​5</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​coverity.​com/​news/​nf_news_06_27_05_stor​y_9.​html"·​target="_top">Coverit​y
389 ··········​study·​on·​kernel·​security·​holes·​in·​Linux·​and·​FreeBSD</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup">.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2005.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59802424"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">GoldGa​b2005</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​dreamsongs.​com/​IHE/​IHE.​html"·​target="_top">Innovat​ion·​Happens389 ··········​study·​on·​kernel·​security·​holes·​in·​Linux·​and·​FreeBSD</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup">.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2005.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59780664"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">GoldGa​b2005</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​dreamsongs.​com/​IHE/​IHE.​html"·​target="_top">Innovat​ion·​Happens
390 ··········​Elsewhere:​·​Open·​Source·​as·​Business·​Strategy</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Ron​</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Goldm​an</​span>·​and·​<span·​class="firstname">Ric​hard</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Gabri​el</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2005.​·​</​span><span·​class="biblioid">ISBN​·​1558608893.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>Morgan-​Kaufmann.​·​</​span></​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59816248"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Hub199​4</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​contributing"·​target="_top">Contrib​uting390 ··········​Elsewhere:​·​Open·​Source·​as·​Business·​Strategy</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Ron​</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Goldm​an</​span>·​and·​<span·​class="firstname">Ric​hard</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Gabri​el</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2005.​·​</​span><span·​class="biblioid">ISBN​·​1558608893.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>Morgan-​Kaufmann.​·​</​span></​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59794104"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Hub199​4</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​contributing"·​target="_top">Contrib​uting
391 ··········​to·​the·​FreeBSD·​Project</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Jor​dan</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Hubba​rd</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​1994&#8212;​2005.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>The·​FreeBSD·​Project.​·​</​span></​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59826488"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">McKu19​99</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​usenix.​org/​publications/​library/​proceedings/​usenix99/​mckusick.​html"·​target="_top">Soft391 ··········​to·​the·​FreeBSD·​Project</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Jor​dan</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Hubba​rd</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​1994&#8212;​2005.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>The·​FreeBSD·​Project.​·​</​span></​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59817144"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">McKu19​99</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​usenix.​org/​publications/​library/​proceedings/​usenix99/​mckusick.​html"·​target="_top">Soft
392 ··········​Updates:​·​A·​Technique·​for·​Eliminating·​Most·​Synchronous·​Writes392 ··········​Updates:​·​A·​Technique·​for·​Eliminating·​Most·​Synchronous·​Writes
393 ··········​in·​the·​Fast·​Filesystem</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Kir​k</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">McKus​ick</​span>·​and·​<span·​class="firstname">Gre​gory</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Gange​r</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="confgroup"><sp​an·​class="conftitle">USE​NIX·​Annual·​Technical·​Conference.​·​</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​1999.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59850552"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">McKu19​99-​1</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​oreilly.​com/​catalog/​opensources/​book/​kirkmck.​html"·​target="_top">Twenty·​Years·​of·​Berkeley·​Unix:​·​From·​AT&amp;​T-​Owned·​to393 ··········​in·​the·​Fast·​Filesystem</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Kir​k</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">McKus​ick</​span>·​and·​<span·​class="firstname">Gre​gory</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Gange​r</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="confgroup"><sp​an·​class="conftitle">USE​NIX·​Annual·​Technical·​Conference.​·​</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​1999.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59835832"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">McKu19​99-​1</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​oreilly.​com/​catalog/​opensources/​book/​kirkmck.​html"·​target="_top">Twenty·​Years·​of·​Berkeley·​Unix:​·​From·​AT&amp;​T-​Owned·​to
394 ··········​Freely·​Redistributable</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Mar​shall·​Kirk</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">McKus​ick</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​oreilly.​com/​catalog/​opensources/​book/​toc.​html"·​target="_top">Open394 ··········​Freely·​Redistributable</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Mar​shall·​Kirk</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">McKus​ick</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​oreilly.​com/​catalog/​opensources/​book/​toc.​html"·​target="_top">Open
395 ··········​Sources:​·​Voices·​from·​the·​Open·​Source395 ··········​Sources:​·​Voices·​from·​the·​Open·​Source
396 ··········​Revolution</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="biblioid">ISBN​·​1-​56592-​582-​3.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>O'Reilly·​Inc.​.​·​</​span></​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​1993.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59868088"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Mon200​5</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​bsdl-​gpl/​article.​html"·​target="_top">Why·​you·​should396 ··········​Revolution</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="biblioid">ISBN​·​1-​56592-​582-​3.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>O'Reilly·​Inc.​.​·​</​span></​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​1993.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59861048"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Mon200​5</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​bsdl-​gpl/​article.​html"·​target="_top">Why·​you·​should
397 ··········​use·​a·​BSD·​style·​license·​for·​your·​Open·​Source397 ··········​use·​a·​BSD·​style·​license·​for·​your·​Open·​Source
398 ··········​Project</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Bru​ce</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Monta​gue</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>The·​FreeBSD·​Project.​·​</​span></​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2005.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59891896"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Nik200​5</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​dev-​model/​book.​html"·​target="_top">A398 ··········​Project</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Bru​ce</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Monta​gue</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>The·​FreeBSD·​Project.​·​</​span></​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2005.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59876792"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Nik200​5</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​books/​dev-​model/​book.​html"·​target="_top">A
399 ··········​project·​model·​for·​the·​FreeBSD·​Project</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Nik​las</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Saers​</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2005.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>The·​FreeBSD·​Project.​·​</​span></​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59900728"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Nor199​3</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​norvig.​com/​luv-​slides.​ps"·​target="_top">Tutoria​l399 ··········​project·​model·​for·​the·​FreeBSD·​Project</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Nik​las</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Saers​</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2005.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>The·​FreeBSD·​Project.​·​</​span></​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59887928"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Nor199​3</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​norvig.​com/​luv-​slides.​ps"·​target="_top">Tutoria​l
400 ··········​on·​Good·​Lisp·​Programming·​Style</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Pet​er</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Norvi​g</​span>·​and·​<span·​class="firstname">Ken​t</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Pitma​n</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​1993.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59914424"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Nor200​1</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​norvig.​com/​21-​days.​html"·​target="_top">Teach400 ··········​on·​Good·​Lisp·​Programming·​Style</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Pet​er</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Norvi​g</​span>·​and·​<span·​class="firstname">Ken​t</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Pitma​n</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​1993.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59912632"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Nor200​1</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​norvig.​com/​21-​days.​html"·​target="_top">Teach
401 ··········​Yourself·​Programming·​in·​Ten·​Years</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Pet​er</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Norvi​g</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2001.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59923000"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Ray200​4</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​catb.​org/​~esr/​faqs/​smart-​questions.​html"·​target="_top">How401 ··········​Yourself·​Programming·​in·​Ten·​Years</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Pet​er</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Norvi​g</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2001.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59924920"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">Ray200​4</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​catb.​org/​~esr/​faqs/​smart-​questions.​html"·​target="_top">How
402 ··········​to·​ask·​questions·​the·​smart·​way</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Eri​c·​Steven</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Raymo​nd</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2004.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59943864"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">RelEng​Doc</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​releng"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​Release402 ··········​to·​ask·​questions·​the·​smart·​way</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="authorgroup"><​span·​class="firstname">Eri​c·​Steven</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Raymo​nd</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2004.​·​</​span></​p></​div><div·​class="biblioentry"><​a·​id="idp59945144"></​a><p>[<abbr·​class="abbrev">RelEng​Doc</​abbr>]·​<span·​class="citetitle"><em​·​class="citetitle"><a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​releng"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​Release
403 ··········​Engineering</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Mur​ray</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Stoke​ly</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2001.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>The·​FreeBSD·​Project.​·​</​span></​span></​p></​div></​div><div·​class="footnotes"><br​·​/​><hr·​class="footnote-​hr"·​/​><div·​id="ftn.​idp59616568"·​class="footnote"><p><​a·​href="#idp59616568"·​class="simpara"><sup·​class="simpara">[1]·​</​sup></​a>FreeBSD's·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​svnweb.​freebsd.​org/​"·​target="_top">source403 ··········​Engineering</​a></​em>.​·​</​span><span·​class="author"><span·​class="firstname">Mur​ray</​span>·​<span·​class="surname">Stoke​ly</​span>.​·​</​span><span·​class="copyright">Cop​yright·​©·​2001.​·​</​span><span·​class="publisher"><sp​an·​class="publishername"​>The·​FreeBSD·​Project.​·​</​span></​span></​p></​div></​div><div·​class="footnotes"><br​·​/​><hr·​class="footnote-​hr"·​/​><div·​id="ftn.​idp59600440"·​class="footnote"><p><​a·​href="#idp59600440"·​class="simpara"><sup·​class="simpara">[1]·​</​sup></​a>FreeBSD's·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​svnweb.​freebsd.​org/​"·​target="_top">source
404 ················​repository</​a>·​contains·​a·​history·​of·​the·​project404 ················​repository</​a>·​contains·​a·​history·​of·​the·​project
405 ··············​since·​its·​inception,​·​and·​there·​are·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​mckusick.​com/​csrg/​"·​target="_top">CDROMs405 ··············​since·​its·​inception,​·​and·​there·​are·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​mckusick.​com/​csrg/​"·​target="_top">CDROMs
406 ················​available</​a>·​that·​contain·​earlier·​code·​from·​the406 ················​available</​a>·​that·​contain·​earlier·​code·​from·​the
407 ··············​CSRG.​</​p></​div></​div></​div></​body></​html>407 ··············​CSRG.​</​p></​div></​div></​div></​body></​html>
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1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="iso-​8859-​1"?>1 <?xml·​version="1.​0"·​encoding="iso-​8859-​1"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=iso-​8859-​1"·​/​><title>Committer's·​Guide</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="This·​document·​provides·​information·​for·​the·​FreeBSD·​committer·​community.​·​All·​new·​committers·​should·​read·​this·​document·​before·​they·​start,​·​and·​existing·​committers·​are·​strongly·​encouraged·​to·​review·​it·​from·​time·​to·​time.​·​Almost·​all·​FreeBSD·​developers·​have·​commit·​rights·​to·​one·​or·​more·​repositories.​·​However,​·​a·​few·​developers·​do·​not,​·​and·​some·​of·​the·​information·​here·​applies·​to·​them·​as·​well.​·​(For·​instance,​·​some·​people·​only·​have·​rights·​to·​work·​with·​the·​Problem·​Report·​database)​.​·​Please·​see·​for·​more·​information.​·​This·​document·​may·​also·​be·​of·​int·​✂2 <!DOCTYPE·​html·​PUBLIC·​"-​/​/​W3C/​/​DTD·​XHTML·​1.​0·​Transitional/​/​EN"·​"http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​TR/​xhtml1/​DTD/​xhtml1-​transitional.​dtd"><html·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"><head><meta·​http-​equiv="Content-​Type"·​content="text/​html;​·​charset=iso-​8859-​1"·​/​><title>Committer's·​Guide</​title><link·​rel="stylesheet"·​type="text/​css"·​href="docbook.​css"·​/​><link·​rev="made"·​href="mailto:​doc@FreeBSD.​org"·​/​><meta·​name="generator"·​content="DocBook·​XSL·​Stylesheets·​V1.​78.​1"·​/​><meta·​name="description"·​content="This·​document·​provides·​information·​for·​the·​FreeBSD·​committer·​community.​·​All·​new·​committers·​should·​read·​this·​document·​before·​they·​start,​·​and·​existing·​committers·​are·​strongly·​encouraged·​to·​review·​it·​from·​time·​to·​time.​·​Almost·​all·​FreeBSD·​developers·​have·​commit·​rights·​to·​one·​or·​more·​repositories.​·​However,​·​a·​few·​developers·​do·​not,​·​and·​some·​of·​the·​information·​here·​applies·​to·​them·​as·​well.​·​(For·​instance,​·​some·​people·​only·​have·​rights·​to·​work·​with·​the·​Problem·​Report·​database)​.​·​Please·​see·​for·​more·​information.​·​This·​document·​may·​also·​be·​of·​int·​✂
3 ··​the·​FreeBSD·​Foundation.​</​p><p>Coverity·​is·​a·​registered·​trademark;​3 ··​the·​FreeBSD·​Foundation.​</​p><p>Coverity·​is·​a·​registered·​trademark;​
4 Coverity·​Extend,​·​Coverity·​Prevent·​and·​Coverity·​Prevent·​SQS·​are·​trademarks·​of4 Coverity·​Extend,​·​Coverity·​Prevent·​and·​Coverity·​Prevent·​SQS·​are·​trademarks·​of
5 Coverity,​·​Inc.​</​p><p>IBM,​·​AIX,​·​OS/​2,​5 Coverity,​·​Inc.​</​p><p>IBM,​·​AIX,​·​OS/​2,​
6 ··​PowerPC,​·​PS/​2,​·​S/​390,​·​and·​ThinkPad·​are6 ··​PowerPC,​·​PS/​2,​·​S/​390,​·​and·​ThinkPad·​are
7 ··​trademarks·​of·​International·​Business·​Machines·​Corporation·​in·​the7 ··​trademarks·​of·​International·​Business·​Machines·​Corporation·​in·​the
8 ··​United·​States,​·​other·​countries,​·​or·​both.​</​p><p>Intel,​·​Celeron,​·​Centrino,​·​Core,​·​EtherExpress,​·​i386,​8 ··​United·​States,​·​other·​countries,​·​or·​both.​</​p><p>Intel,​·​Celeron,​·​Centrino,​·​Core,​·​EtherExpress,​·​i386,​
9 ··​i486,​·​Itanium,​·​Pentium,​·​and·​Xeon·​are·​trademarks·​or·​registered9 ··​i486,​·​Itanium,​·​Pentium,​·​and·​Xeon·​are·​trademarks·​or·​registered
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39 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">Table·​of·​Contents</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#admin">1.​·​Administrative·​Details</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#pgpkeys">2.​·​Open<acronym·​class="acronym">PGP</​acronym>·​Keys·​for·​FreeBSD</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#kerberos-​ldap">3.​·​Kerberos·​and·​LDAP·​web·​Password·​for·​FreeBSD·​Cluster</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#committer.​types">4.​·​Commit·​Bit·​Types</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#subversion-​primer">5.​·​Subversion·​Primer</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#conventions">6​.​·​Setup,​·​Conventions,​·​and·​Traditions</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#commit-​log-​message">7.​·​Commit·​Log·​Messages</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#pref-​license">8.​·​Preferred·​License·​for·​New·​Files</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#tracking.​license.​grants">9.​·​Keeping·​Track·​of·​Licenses·​Granted·​to·​the·​FreeBSD39 ····​</​div><hr·​/​></​div><div·​class="toc"><div·​class="toc-​title">Table·​of·​Contents</​div><dl·​class="toc"><dt><span​·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#admin">1.​·​Administrative·​Details</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#pgpkeys">2.​·​Open<acronym·​class="acronym">PGP</​acronym>·​Keys·​for·​FreeBSD</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#kerberos-​ldap">3.​·​Kerberos·​and·​LDAP·​web·​Password·​for·​FreeBSD·​Cluster</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#committer.​types">4.​·​Commit·​Bit·​Types</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#subversion-​primer">5.​·​Subversion·​Primer</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#conventions">6​.​·​Setup,​·​Conventions,​·​and·​Traditions</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#commit-​log-​message">7.​·​Commit·​Log·​Messages</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#pref-​license">8.​·​Preferred·​License·​for·​New·​Files</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#tracking.​license.​grants">9.​·​Keeping·​Track·​of·​Licenses·​Granted·​to·​the·​FreeBSD
40 ······​Project</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#developer.​relations">10.​·​Developer·​Relations</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#if-​in-​doubt">11.​·​If·​in·​Doubt.​.​.​</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#bugzilla">12.​·​Bugzilla</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp63523000">1​3.​·​Phabricator</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#people">14.​·​Who's·​Who</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#ssh.​guide">15.​·​SSH·​Quick-​Start·​Guide</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#coverity">16.​·​<span·​class="trademark">Cov​erity</​span>®·​Availability·​for·​FreeBSD·​Committers</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#rules">17.​·​The·​FreeBSD·​Committers'·​Big·​List·​of·​Rules</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#archs">18.​·​Support·​for·​Multiple·​Architectures</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#ports">19.​·​Ports·​Specific·​FAQ</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#non-​committers">20.​·​Issues·​Specific·​to·​Developers·​Who·​Are·​Not40 ······​Project</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#developer.​relations">10.​·​Developer·​Relations</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#if-​in-​doubt">11.​·​If·​in·​Doubt.​.​.​</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#bugzilla">12.​·​Bugzilla</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#idp63596728">1​3.​·​Phabricator</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#people">14.​·​Who's·​Who</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#ssh.​guide">15.​·​SSH·​Quick-​Start·​Guide</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#coverity">16.​·​<span·​class="trademark">Cov​erity</​span>®·​Availability·​for·​FreeBSD·​Committers</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#rules">17.​·​The·​FreeBSD·​Committers'·​Big·​List·​of·​Rules</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#archs">18.​·​Support·​for·​Multiple·​Architectures</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#ports">19.​·​Ports·​Specific·​FAQ</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#non-​committers">20.​·​Issues·​Specific·​to·​Developers·​Who·​Are·​Not
41 ······​Committers</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#google-​analytics">21.​·​Information·​About·​Google·​Analytics</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#misc">22.​·​Miscellaneous·​Questions</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#benefits">23.​·​Benefits·​and·​Perks·​for·​FreeBSD·​Comitters</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="admin"></​a>1.​ Administrative·​Details</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="informaltable"​><table·​width="100%"·​border="0"><colgroup>​<col·​/​><col·​/​></​colgroup><tbody><tr><​td><span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Login·​Methods</​em></​span></​td><td><a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ssh&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ssh</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>,​·​protocol·​2·​only</​td></​tr><tr><td><span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Main·​Shell·​Host</​em></​span></​td><td><code·​class="sys·​✂41 ······​Committers</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#google-​analytics">21.​·​Information·​About·​Google·​Analytics</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#misc">22.​·​Miscellaneous·​Questions</​a></​span></​dt><dt><span·​class="sect1"><a·​href="#benefits">23.​·​Benefits·​and·​Perks·​for·​FreeBSD·​Comitters</​a></​span></​dt></​dl></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="admin"></​a>1.​ Administrative·​Details</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="informaltable"​><table·​width="100%"·​border="0"><colgroup>​<col·​/​><col·​/​></​colgroup><tbody><tr><​td><span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Login·​Methods</​em></​span></​td><td><a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=ssh&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>ssh</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>,​·​protocol·​2·​only</​td></​tr><tr><td><span·​class="emphasis"><em>​Main·​Shell·​Host</​em></​span></​td><td><code·​class="sys·​✂
42 »       ​»       ​Root</​em></​span></​td><td><code·​class="literal">svn+s​sh:​/​/​</​code><code·​class="systemitem">re​po.​FreeBSD.​org</​code><code·​class="filename">/​base</​code>42 »       ​»       ​Root</​em></​span></​td><td><code·​class="literal">svn+s​sh:​/​/​</​code><code·​class="systemitem">re​po.​FreeBSD.​org</​code><code·​class="filename">/​base</​code>
43 »       ​······​(see·​also·​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#svn-​getting-​started-​base-​layout"·​title="5.​2.​3.​ RELENG_*·​Branches·​and·​General·​Layout">Section 5.​2.​3,​·​&#8220;​<code·​class="literal">RELEN​G_*</​code>·​Branches·​and·​General43 »       ​······​(see·​also·​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#svn-​getting-​started-​base-​layout"·​title="5.​2.​3.​ RELENG_*·​Branches·​and·​General·​Layout">Section 5.​2.​3,​·​&#8220;​<code·​class="literal">RELEN​G_*</​code>·​Branches·​and·​General
44 »       ​··​Layout&#8221;​</​a>)​.​</​td></​tr><tr><td><span·​class="emphasis"><em>​<code·​class="literal">doc/​</​code>·​Subversion44 »       ​··​Layout&#8221;​</​a>)​.​</​td></​tr><tr><td><span·​class="emphasis"><em>​<code·​class="literal">doc/​</​code>·​Subversion
45 »       ​»       ​Root</​em></​span></​td><td><code·​class="literal">svn+s​sh:​/​/​</​code><code·​class="systemitem">re​po.​FreeBSD.​org</​code><code·​class="filename">/​doc</​code>45 »       ​»       ​Root</​em></​span></​td><td><code·​class="literal">svn+s​sh:​/​/​</​code><code·​class="systemitem">re​po.​FreeBSD.​org</​code><code·​class="filename">/​doc</​code>
46 »       ​······​(see·​also·​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#svn-​getting-​started-​doc-​layout"·​title="5.​2.​4.​ FreeBSD·​Documentation·​Project·​Branches·​and·​Layout">Section 5.​2.​4,​·​&#8220;​FreeBSD·​Documentation·​Project·​Branches·​and46 »       ​······​(see·​also·​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#svn-​getting-​started-​doc-​layout"·​title="5.​2.​4.​ FreeBSD·​Documentation·​Project·​Branches·​and·​Layout">Section 5.​2.​4,​·​&#8220;​FreeBSD·​Documentation·​Project·​Branches·​and
47 »       ​··​Layout&#8221;​</​a>)​.​</​td></​tr><tr><td><span·​class="emphasis"><em>​<code·​class="literal">ports​/​</​code>·​Subversion47 »       ​··​Layout&#8221;​</​a>)​.​</​td></​tr><tr><td><span·​class="emphasis"><em>​<code·​class="literal">ports​/​</​code>·​Subversion
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181 ······​who·​has·​not·​previously·​worked·​in·​an·​area·​of·​the·​tree·​seek·​review181 ······​who·​has·​not·​previously·​worked·​in·​an·​area·​of·​the·​tree·​seek·​review
182 ······​prior·​to·​committing,​·​seek·​approval·​from·​the·​appropriate182 ······​prior·​to·​committing,​·​seek·​approval·​from·​the·​appropriate
183 ······​responsible·​party,​·​and/​or·​work·​with·​a·​mentor.​··​Since·​the·​rules183 ······​responsible·​party,​·​and/​or·​work·​with·​a·​mentor.​··​Since·​the·​rules
184 ······​regarding·​code·​maintenance·​differ·​by·​area·​of·​the·​tree,​·​this·​is184 ······​regarding·​code·​maintenance·​differ·​by·​area·​of·​the·​tree,​·​this·​is
185 ······​as·​much·​for·​the·​benefit·​of·​the·​committer·​working·​in·​an·​area·​of185 ······​as·​much·​for·​the·​benefit·​of·​the·​committer·​working·​in·​an·​area·​of
186 ······​less·​familiarity·​as·​it·​is·​for·​others·​working·​on·​the·​tree.​</​p><p>Committers·​are·​encouraged·​to·​seek·​review·​for·​their·​work·​as186 ······​less·​familiarity·​as·​it·​is·​for·​others·​working·​on·​the·​tree.​</​p><p>Committers·​are·​encouraged·​to·​seek·​review·​for·​their·​work·​as
187 ······​part·​of·​the·​normal·​development·​process,​·​regardless·​of·​the·​area187 ······​part·​of·​the·​normal·​development·​process,​·​regardless·​of·​the·​area
188 ······​of·​the·​tree·​where·​the·​work·​is·​occurring.​</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59533496"></​a>4.​1.​ Policy·​for·​Committer·​Activity·​in·​Other·​Trees</​h3></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>A​ll·​committers·​may·​modify188 ······​of·​the·​tree·​where·​the·​work·​is·​occurring.​</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp59600056"></​a>4.​1.​ Policy·​for·​Committer·​Activity·​in·​Other·​Trees</​h3></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>A​ll·​committers·​may·​modify
189 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">base​/​head/​share/​misc/​committers-​*.​dot</​code>,​189 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">base​/​head/​share/​misc/​committers-​*.​dot</​code>,​
190 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">base​/​head/​usr.​bin/​calendar/​calendars/​calendar.​freebsd</​code>,​190 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">base​/​head/​usr.​bin/​calendar/​calendars/​calendar.​freebsd</​code>,​
191 »       ​····​and191 »       ​····​and
192 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​head/​astro/​xearth/​files</​code>.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>d​oc·​committers·​may·​commit192 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​head/​astro/​xearth/​files</​code>.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>d​oc·​committers·​may·​commit
193 »       ​····​documentation·​changes·​to·​<code·​class="filename">src<​/​code>193 »       ​····​documentation·​changes·​to·​<code·​class="filename">src<​/​code>
194 »       ​····​files,​·​such·​as·​man·​pages,​·​READMEs,​·​fortune·​databases,​194 »       ​····​files,​·​such·​as·​man·​pages,​·​READMEs,​·​fortune·​databases,​
195 »       ​····​calendar·​files,​·​and·​comment·​fixes·​without·​approval·​from·​a195 »       ​····​calendar·​files,​·​and·​comment·​fixes·​without·​approval·​from·​a
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428 »       ​······​discarding·​your·​own·​changes,​·​the·​conflicting·​changes,​428 »       ​······​discarding·​your·​own·​changes,​·​the·​conflicting·​changes,​
429 »       ​······​and·​possibly·​other·​intervening·​changes·​as·​well.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">mine-​full</​code>:​·​use·​what·​you·​had429 »       ​······​and·​possibly·​other·​intervening·​changes·​as·​well.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">mine-​full</​code>:​·​use·​what·​you·​had
430 »       ​······​before·​<code·​class="command">svn·​update</​code>,​·​including·​your·​own430 »       ​······​before·​<code·​class="command">svn·​update</​code>,​·​including·​your·​own
431 »       ​······​changes,​·​but·​discarding·​the·​conflicting·​changes,​·​and431 »       ​······​changes,​·​but·​discarding·​the·​conflicting·​changes,​·​and
432 »       ​······​possibly·​other·​intervening·​changes·​as·​well.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">their​s-​full</​code>:​·​use·​the·​version·​that432 »       ​······​possibly·​other·​intervening·​changes·​as·​well.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">their​s-​full</​code>:​·​use·​the·​version·​that
433 »       ​······​was·​retrieved·​when·​you·​did433 »       ​······​was·​retrieved·​when·​you·​did
434 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​update</​code>,​·​discarding·​your·​own434 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​update</​code>,​·​discarding·​your·​own
435 »       ​······​changes.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60122808"></​a>5.​4.​ Advanced·​Use</​h3></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="svn-​advanced-​use-​sparse-​checkouts"></​a>5.​4.​1.​ Sparse·​Checkouts</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p><acronym·​class="acronym">SVN</​acronym>·​allows435 »       ​······​changes.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60198968"></​a>5.​4.​ Advanced·​Use</​h3></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="svn-​advanced-​use-​sparse-​checkouts"></​a>5.​4.​1.​ Sparse·​Checkouts</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p><acronym·​class="acronym">SVN</​acronym>·​allows
436 »       ​··​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​sparse</​em></​span>,​·​or·​partial·​checkouts·​of·​a436 »       ​··​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​sparse</​em></​span>,​·​or·​partial·​checkouts·​of·​a
437 »       ​··​directory·​by·​adding·​<code·​class="option">-​-​depth</​code>·​to·​a437 »       ​··​directory·​by·​adding·​<code·​class="option">-​-​depth</​code>·​to·​a
438 »       ​··​<code·​class="command">svn·​checkout</​code>.​</​p><p>Valid·​arguments·​to·​<code·​class="option">-​-​depth</​code>438 »       ​··​<code·​class="command">svn·​checkout</​code>.​</​p><p>Valid·​arguments·​to·​<code·​class="option">-​-​depth</​code>
439 »       ​··​are:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">empty​</​code>:​·​the·​directory·​itself439 »       ​··​are:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">empty​</​code>:​·​the·​directory·​itself
440 »       ​······​without·​any·​of·​its·​contents.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">files​</​code>:​·​the·​directory·​and·​any440 »       ​······​without·​any·​of·​its·​contents.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">files​</​code>:​·​the·​directory·​and·​any
441 »       ​······​files·​it·​contains.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">immed​iates</​code>:​·​the·​directory·​and·​any441 »       ​······​files·​it·​contains.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​code·​class="literal">immed​iates</​code>:​·​the·​directory·​and·​any
442 »       ​······​files·​and·​directories·​it·​contains,​·​but·​none·​of·​the442 »       ​······​files·​and·​directories·​it·​contains,​·​but·​none·​of·​the
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468 »       ​··​depending·​on·​your·​network·​connection:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​checkout·​-​-​depth=immediates·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base</​code></​strong>468 »       ​··​depending·​on·​your·​network·​connection:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​checkout·​-​-​depth=immediates·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base</​code></​strong>
469 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​base</​code></​strong>469 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​base</​code></​strong>
470 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​update·​-​-​set-​depth=infinity·​head</​code></​strong>470 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​update·​-​-​set-​depth=infinity·​head</​code></​strong>
471 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​copy·​head·​stable/​8</​code></​strong>471 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​copy·​head·​stable/​8</​code></​strong>
472 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit·​stable/​8</​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="svn-​advanced-​use-​merging"></​a>5.​4.​3.​ Merging·​with·​<acronym·​class="acronym">SVN</​acronym></​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>This·​section·​deals·​with·​merging·​code·​from·​one·​branch·​to472 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit·​stable/​8</​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="svn-​advanced-​use-​merging"></​a>5.​4.​3.​ Merging·​with·​<acronym·​class="acronym">SVN</​acronym></​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>This·​section·​deals·​with·​merging·​code·​from·​one·​branch·​to
473 »       ​··​another·​(typically,​·​from·​head·​to·​a·​stable·​branch)​.​</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">No​te:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">In·​all·​examples·​below,​·​<code·​class="literal">$FSVN​</​code>473 »       ​··​another·​(typically,​·​from·​head·​to·​a·​stable·​branch)​.​</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">No​te:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">In·​all·​examples·​below,​·​<code·​class="literal">$FSVN​</​code>
474 »       ​····​refers·​to·​the·​location·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​Subversion·​repository,​474 »       ​····​refers·​to·​the·​location·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​Subversion·​repository,​
475 »       ​····​<code·​class="literal">svn+s​sh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​</​code>.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60235832"></​a>5.​4.​3.​1.​ About·​Merge·​Tracking</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>From·​the·​user's·​perspective,​·​merge·​tracking475 »       ​····​<code·​class="literal">svn+s​sh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​</​code>.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60332728"></​a>5.​4.​3.​1.​ About·​Merge·​Tracking</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>From·​the·​user's·​perspective,​·​merge·​tracking
476 »       ​····​information·​(or·​mergeinfo)​·​is·​stored·​in·​a·​property·​called476 »       ​····​information·​(or·​mergeinfo)​·​is·​stored·​in·​a·​property·​called
477 »       ​····​<code·​class="literal">svn:​mergeinfo</​code>,​·​which·​is·​a477 »       ​····​<code·​class="literal">svn:​mergeinfo</​code>,​·​which·​is·​a
478 »       ​····​comma-​separated·​list·​of·​revisions·​and·​ranges·​of·​revisions478 »       ​····​comma-​separated·​list·​of·​revisions·​and·​ranges·​of·​revisions
479 »       ​····​that·​have·​been·​merged.​··​When·​set·​on·​a·​file,​·​it·​applies479 »       ​····​that·​have·​been·​merged.​··​When·​set·​on·​a·​file,​·​it·​applies
480 »       ​····​only·​to·​that·​file.​··​When·​set·​on·​a·​directory,​·​it·​applies·​to480 »       ​····​only·​to·​that·​file.​··​When·​set·​on·​a·​directory,​·​it·​applies·​to
481 »       ​····​that·​directory·​and·​its·​descendants·​(files·​and·​directories)​481 »       ​····​that·​directory·​and·​its·​descendants·​(files·​and·​directories)​
482 »       ​····​except·​for·​those·​that·​have·​their·​own482 »       ​····​except·​for·​those·​that·​have·​their·​own
Offset 591, 38 lines modifiedOffset 591, 38 lines modified
591 »       ​····​target.​··​For·​instance,​·​you·​will·​always·​merge591 »       ​····​target.​··​For·​instance,​·​you·​will·​always·​merge
592 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">stab​le/​7/​lib/​libc/​</​code>·​from592 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">stab​le/​7/​lib/​libc/​</​code>·​from
593 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">head​/​lib/​libc/​</​code>.​··​The·​only·​exception593 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">head​/​lib/​libc/​</​code>.​··​The·​only·​exception
594 »       ​····​would·​be·​when·​merging·​changes·​to·​code·​that·​has·​moved·​in594 »       ​····​would·​be·​when·​merging·​changes·​to·​code·​that·​has·​moved·​in
595 »       ​····​the·​source·​branch·​but·​not·​in·​the·​parent·​branch.​··​For595 »       ​····​the·​source·​branch·​but·​not·​in·​the·​parent·​branch.​··​For
596 »       ​····​instance,​·​a·​change·​to·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=pkill&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>pkill</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​would·​be·​merged·​from596 »       ​····​instance,​·​a·​change·​to·​<a·​class="citerefentry"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​cgi/​man.​cgi?query=pkill&amp;​sektion=1&amp;​manpath=freebsd-​release-​ports"><span·​class="citerefentry">​<span·​class="refentrytitle"​>pkill</​span>(1)​</​span></​a>·​would·​be·​merged·​from
597 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">bin/​pkill/​</​code>·​in·​head·​to597 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">bin/​pkill/​</​code>·​in·​head·​to
598 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">usr.​bin/​pkill/​</​code>·​in·​stable/​7.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60417464"></​a>5.​4.​3.​4.​ Preparing·​the·​Merge·​Target</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>Because·​of·​the·​mergeinfo·​propagation·​issues·​described598 »       ​····​<code·​class="filename">usr.​bin/​pkill/​</​code>·​in·​stable/​7.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60555448"></​a>5.​4.​3.​4.​ Preparing·​the·​Merge·​Target</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>Because·​of·​the·​mergeinfo·​propagation·​issues·​described
599 »       ​····​earlier,​·​it·​is·​very·​important·​that·​you·​never·​merge·​changes599 »       ​····​earlier,​·​it·​is·​very·​important·​that·​you·​never·​merge·​changes
600 »       ​····​into·​a·​sparse·​working·​copy.​··​You·​must·​always·​have·​a·​full600 »       ​····​into·​a·​sparse·​working·​copy.​··​You·​must·​always·​have·​a·​full
601 »       ​····​checkout·​of·​the·​branch·​you·​will·​merge·​into.​··​For·​instance,​601 »       ​····​checkout·​of·​the·​branch·​you·​will·​merge·​into.​··​For·​instance,​
602 »       ​····​when·​merging·​from·​HEAD·​to·​7,​·​you·​must·​have·​a·​full·​checkout602 »       ​····​when·​merging·​from·​HEAD·​to·​7,​·​you·​must·​have·​a·​full·​checkout
603 »       ​····​of·​stable/​7:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​stable/​7</​code></​strong>603 »       ​····​of·​stable/​7:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​stable/​7</​code></​strong>
604 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​up·​-​-​set-​depth=infinity</​code></​strong></​pre><p>The·​target·​directory·​must·​also·​be·​up-​to-​date·​and·​must604 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​up·​-​-​set-​depth=infinity</​code></​strong></​pre><p>The·​target·​directory·​must·​also·​be·​up-​to-​date·​and·​must
605 »       ​····​not·​contain·​any·​uncommitted·​changes·​or·​stray·​files.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60479160"></​a>5.​4.​3.​5.​ Identifying·​Revisions</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>Identifying·​revisions·​to·​be·​merged·​is·​a·​must.​··​If·​the605 »       ​····​not·​contain·​any·​uncommitted·​changes·​or·​stray·​files.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60564152"></​a>5.​4.​3.​5.​ Identifying·​Revisions</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>Identifying·​revisions·​to·​be·​merged·​is·​a·​must.​··​If·​the
606 »       ​····​target·​already·​has·​complete·​mergeinfo,​·​ask606 »       ​····​target·​already·​has·​complete·​mergeinfo,​·​ask
607 »       ​····​<acronym·​class="acronym">SVN</​acronym>·​for·​a·​list:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​stable/​6/​contrib/​openpam</​code></​strong>607 »       ​····​<acronym·​class="acronym">SVN</​acronym>·​for·​a·​list:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​stable/​6/​contrib/​openpam</​code></​strong>
608 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​mergeinfo·​-​-​show-​revs=eligible·​$FSVN/​head/​contrib/​openpam</​code></​strong></​pre><p>If·​the·​target·​does·​not·​have·​complete·​mergeinfo,​·​check608 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​mergeinfo·​-​-​show-​revs=eligible·​$FSVN/​head/​contrib/​openpam</​code></​strong></​pre><p>If·​the·​target·​does·​not·​have·​complete·​mergeinfo,​·​check
609 »       ​····​the·​log·​for·​the·​merge·​source.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60487352"></​a>5.​4.​3.​6.​ Merging</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>Now,​·​let·​us·​start·​merging!</​p><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60502968"></​a>5.​4.​3.​6.​1.​ The·​Principles</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>Say·​you·​would·​like·​to·​merge:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>r​evision·​<code·​class="literal">$R</​code></​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>i​n·​directory·​$target·​in·​stable·​branch609 »       ​····​the·​log·​for·​the·​merge·​source.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60572728"></​a>5.​4.​3.​6.​ Merging</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>Now,​·​let·​us·​start·​merging!</​p><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60579896"></​a>5.​4.​3.​6.​1.​ The·​Principles</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>Say·​you·​would·​like·​to·​merge:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>r​evision·​<code·​class="literal">$R</​code></​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>i​n·​directory·​$target·​in·​stable·​branch
610 »       ​»       ​··​$B</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>f​rom·​directory·​$source·​in·​head</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>$​FSVN·​is610 »       ​»       ​··​$B</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>f​rom·​directory·​$source·​in·​head</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>$​FSVN·​is
611 »       ​»       ​··​<code·​class="literal">svn+s​sh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base</​code></​p></​li></​ul></​div><p>Assuming·​that·​revisions·​$P·​and·​$Q·​have611 »       ​»       ​··​<code·​class="literal">svn+s​sh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base</​code></​p></​li></​ul></​div><p>Assuming·​that·​revisions·​$P·​and·​$Q·​have
612 »       ​······​already·​been·​merged,​·​and·​that·​the·​current·​directory·​is612 »       ​······​already·​been·​merged,​·​and·​that·​the·​current·​directory·​is
613 »       ​······​an·​up-​to-​date·​working·​copy·​of·​stable/​$B,​·​the613 »       ​······​an·​up-​to-​date·​working·​copy·​of·​stable/​$B,​·​the
614 »       ​······​existing·​mergeinfo·​looks·​like·​this:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​propget·​svn:​mergeinfo·​-​R·​$target</​code></​strong>614 »       ​······​existing·​mergeinfo·​looks·​like·​this:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​propget·​svn:​mergeinfo·​-​R·​$target</​code></​strong>
615 $target·​-​·​/​head/​$source:​$P,​$Q</​pre><p>Merging·​is·​done·​like·​so:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​c$R·​$FSVN/​head/​$source·​$target</​code></​strong></​pre><p>Checking·​the·​results·​of·​this·​is·​possible·​with615 $target·​-​·​/​head/​$source:​$P,​$Q</​pre><p>Merging·​is·​done·​like·​so:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​c$R·​$FSVN/​head/​$source·​$target</​code></​strong></​pre><p>Checking·​the·​results·​of·​this·​is·​possible·​with
616 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​diff</​code>.​</​p><p>The·​svn:​mergeinfo·​now·​looks·​like:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​propget·​svn:​mergeinfo·​-​R·​$target</​code></​strong>616 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​diff</​code>.​</​p><p>The·​svn:​mergeinfo·​now·​looks·​like:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​propget·​svn:​mergeinfo·​-​R·​$target</​code></​strong>
617 $target·​-​·​head/​$source:​$P,​$Q,​$R</​pre><p>If·​the·​results·​are·​not·​exactly·​as·​shown,​·​assistance617 $target·​-​·​head/​$source:​$P,​$Q,​$R</​pre><p>If·​the·​results·​are·​not·​exactly·​as·​shown,​·​assistance
618 »       ​······​may·​be·​required·​before·​committing·​as·​mistakes·​may·​have618 »       ​······​may·​be·​required·​before·​committing·​as·​mistakes·​may·​have
619 »       ​······​been·​made,​·​or·​there·​may·​be·​something·​wrong·​with·​the619 »       ​······​been·​made,​·​or·​there·​may·​be·​something·​wrong·​with·​the
620 »       ​······​existing·​mergeinfo,​·​or·​there·​may·​be·​a·​bug·​in620 »       ​······​existing·​mergeinfo,​·​or·​there·​may·​be·​a·​bug·​in
621 »       ​······​Subversion.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60542520"></​a>5.​4.​3.​6.​2.​ Practical·​Example</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>As·​a·​practical·​example,​·​consider·​the·​following621 »       ​······​Subversion.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60623160"></​a>5.​4.​3.​6.​2.​ Practical·​Example</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>As·​a·​practical·​example,​·​consider·​the·​following
622 »       ​······​scenario.​··​The·​changes·​to·​<code·​class="filename">netm​ap.​4</​code>622 »       ​······​scenario.​··​The·​changes·​to·​<code·​class="filename">netm​ap.​4</​code>
623 »       ​······​in·​r238987·​are·​to·​be·​merged·​from·​CURRENT·​to·​9-​STABLE.​623 »       ​······​in·​r238987·​are·​to·​be·​merged·​from·​CURRENT·​to·​9-​STABLE.​
624 »       ​······​The·​file·​resides·​in624 »       ​······​The·​file·​resides·​in
625 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">head​/​share/​man/​man4</​code>.​··​According625 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">head​/​share/​man/​man4</​code>.​··​According
626 »       ​······​to·​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#svn-​advanced-​use-​merging"·​title="5.​4.​3.​ Merging·​with·​SVN">Section 5.​4.​3,​·​&#8220;​Merging·​with·​<acronym·​class="acronym">SVN</​acronym>&#8221;​</​a>,​·​this·​is626 »       ​······​to·​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#svn-​advanced-​use-​merging"·​title="5.​4.​3.​ Merging·​with·​SVN">Section 5.​4.​3,​·​&#8220;​Merging·​with·​<acronym·​class="acronym">SVN</​acronym>&#8221;​</​a>,​·​this·​is
627 »       ​······​also·​where·​to·​do·​the·​merge.​··​Note·​that·​in·​this·​example627 »       ​······​also·​where·​to·​do·​the·​merge.​··​Note·​that·​in·​this·​example
628 »       ​······​all·​paths·​are·​relative·​to·​the·​top·​of·​the·​svn·​repository.​628 »       ​······​all·​paths·​are·​relative·​to·​the·​top·​of·​the·​svn·​repository.​
Offset 632, 36 lines modifiedOffset 632, 36 lines modified
632 »       ​······​to·​the·​next·​step;​·​doing·​the·​actual·​merge:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​c·​r238987·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​head/​share/​man/​man4·​stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4</​code></​strong>632 »       ​······​to·​the·​next·​step;​·​doing·​the·​actual·​merge:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​c·​r238987·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​head/​share/​man/​man4·​stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4</​code></​strong>
633 -​-​-​·​Merging·​r238987·​into·​'stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4':​633 -​-​-​·​Merging·​r238987·​into·​'stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4':​
634 U····​stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4/​netmap.​4634 U····​stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4/​netmap.​4
635 -​-​-​·​Recording·​mergeinfo·​for·​merge·​of·​r238987·​into635 -​-​-​·​Recording·​mergeinfo·​for·​merge·​of·​r238987·​into
636 'stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4':​636 'stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4':​
637 ·​U···​stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4</​pre><p>Check·​that·​the·​revision·​number·​of·​the·​merged637 ·​U···​stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4</​pre><p>Check·​that·​the·​revision·​number·​of·​the·​merged
638 »       ​······​revision·​has·​been·​added.​··​Once·​this·​is·​verified,​·​the638 »       ​······​revision·​has·​been·​added.​··​Once·​this·​is·​verified,​·​the
639 »       ​······​only·​thing·​left·​is·​the·​actual·​commit.​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit·​stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4</​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60559160"></​a>5.​4.​3.​6.​3.​ Merging·​into·​the·​Kernel639 »       ​······​only·​thing·​left·​is·​the·​actual·​commit.​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit·​stable/​9/​share/​man/​man4</​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60639928"></​a>5.​4.​3.​6.​3.​ Merging·​into·​the·​Kernel
640 »       ​······​(<code·​class="filename">sys/​</​code>)​</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>As·​stated·​above,​·​merging·​into·​the·​kernel·​is640 »       ​······​(<code·​class="filename">sys/​</​code>)​</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>As·​stated·​above,​·​merging·​into·​the·​kernel·​is
641 »       ​······​different·​from·​merging·​in·​the·​rest·​of·​the·​tree.​··​In·​many641 »       ​······​different·​from·​merging·​in·​the·​rest·​of·​the·​tree.​··​In·​many
642 »       ​······​ways·​merging·​to·​the·​kernel·​is·​simpler·​because·​there·​is642 »       ​······​ways·​merging·​to·​the·​kernel·​is·​simpler·​because·​there·​is
643 »       ​······​always·​the·​same·​merge·​target643 »       ​······​always·​the·​same·​merge·​target
644 »       ​······​(<code·​class="filename">sys/​</​code>)​.​</​p><p>Once·​<code·​class="command">svn·​merge</​code>·​has·​been·​executed,​644 »       ​······​(<code·​class="filename">sys/​</​code>)​.​</​p><p>Once·​<code·​class="command">svn·​merge</​code>·​has·​been·​executed,​
645 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​diff</​code>·​has·​to·​be·​run·​on·​the645 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​diff</​code>·​has·​to·​be·​run·​on·​the
646 »       ​······​directory·​to·​check·​the·​changes.​··​This·​may·​show·​some646 »       ​······​directory·​to·​check·​the·​changes.​··​This·​may·​show·​some
647 »       ​······​unrelated·​property·​changes,​·​but·​these·​can·​be·​ignored.​647 »       ​······​unrelated·​property·​changes,​·​but·​these·​can·​be·​ignored.​
648 »       ​······​Next,​·​build·​and·​test·​the·​kernel,​·​and,​·​once·​the·​tests·​are648 »       ​······​Next,​·​build·​and·​test·​the·​kernel,​·​and,​·​once·​the·​tests·​are
649 »       ​······​complete,​·​commit·​the·​code·​as·​normal,​·​making·​sure·​that649 »       ​······​complete,​·​commit·​the·​code·​as·​normal,​·​making·​sure·​that
650 »       ​······​the·​commit·​message·​starts·​with·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">Merge650 »       ​······​the·​commit·​message·​starts·​with·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">Merge
651 »       ​»       ​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>r226222</​code></​em>·​from·​head</​span>&#8221;​</​span>,​651 »       ​»       ​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>r226222</​code></​em>·​from·​head</​span>&#8221;​</​span>,​
652 »       ​······​or·​similar.​</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60583096"></​a>5.​4.​3.​7.​ Precautions·​Before·​Committing</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>As·​always,​·​build·​world·​(or·​appropriate·​parts·​of652 »       ​······​or·​similar.​</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60654136"></​a>5.​4.​3.​7.​ Precautions·​Before·​Committing</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>As·​always,​·​build·​world·​(or·​appropriate·​parts·​of
653 »       ​····​it)​.​</​p><p>Check·​the·​changes·​with·​<code·​class="command">svn·​diff</​code>·​and653 »       ​····​it)​.​</​p><p>Check·​the·​changes·​with·​<code·​class="command">svn·​diff</​code>·​and
654 »       ​····​<code·​class="command">svn·​stat</​code>.​··​Make·​sure·​all·​the·​files·​that654 »       ​····​<code·​class="command">svn·​stat</​code>.​··​Make·​sure·​all·​the·​files·​that
655 »       ​····​should·​have·​been·​added·​or·​deleted·​were·​in·​fact·​added·​or655 »       ​····​should·​have·​been·​added·​or·​deleted·​were·​in·​fact·​added·​or
656 »       ​····​deleted.​</​p><p>Take·​a·​closer·​look·​at·​any·​property·​change·​(marked·​by·​a656 »       ​····​deleted.​</​p><p>Take·​a·​closer·​look·​at·​any·​property·​change·​(marked·​by·​a
657 »       ​····​<code·​class="literal">M</​code>·​in·​the·​second·​column·​of·​<code·​class="command">svn657 »       ​····​<code·​class="literal">M</​code>·​in·​the·​second·​column·​of·​<code·​class="command">svn
658 »       ​······​stat</​code>)​.​··​Normally,​·​no·​svn:​mergeinfo·​properties658 »       ​······​stat</​code>)​.​··​Normally,​·​no·​svn:​mergeinfo·​properties
659 »       ​····​should·​be·​anywhere·​except·​the·​target·​directory·​(or659 »       ​····​should·​be·​anywhere·​except·​the·​target·​directory·​(or
660 »       ​····​directories)​.​</​p><p>If·​something·​looks·​fishy,​·​ask·​for·​help.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60594360"></​a>5.​4.​3.​8.​ Committing</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>Make·​sure·​to·​commit·​a·​top·​level·​directory·​to·​have·​the660 »       ​····​directories)​.​</​p><p>If·​something·​looks·​fishy,​·​ask·​for·​help.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60665272"></​a>5.​4.​3.​8.​ Committing</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>Make·​sure·​to·​commit·​a·​top·​level·​directory·​to·​have·​the
661 »       ​····​mergeinfo·​included·​as·​well.​··​Do·​not·​specify·​individual661 »       ​····​mergeinfo·​included·​as·​well.​··​Do·​not·​specify·​individual
662 »       ​····​files·​on·​the·​command·​line.​··​For·​more·​information·​about662 »       ​····​files·​on·​the·​command·​line.​··​For·​more·​information·​about
663 »       ​····​committing·​files·​in·​general,​·​see·​the·​relevant·​section·​of663 »       ​····​committing·​files·​in·​general,​·​see·​the·​relevant·​section·​of
664 »       ​····​this·​primer.​</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="svn-​advanced-​use-​vendor-​imports"></​a>5.​4.​4.​ Vendor·​Imports·​with·​<acronym·​class="acronym">SVN</​acronym></​h4></​div></​div></​div><div·​xmlns=""·​class="important"><h3​·​class="admontitle">Im​portant:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">Please·​read·​this·​entire·​section·​before·​starting·​a664 »       ​····​this·​primer.​</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="svn-​advanced-​use-​vendor-​imports"></​a>5.​4.​4.​ Vendor·​Imports·​with·​<acronym·​class="acronym">SVN</​acronym></​h4></​div></​div></​div><div·​xmlns=""·​class="important"><h3​·​class="admontitle">Im​portant:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">Please·​read·​this·​entire·​section·​before·​starting·​a
665 »       ​····​vendor·​import.​</​p></​div><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">No​te:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">Patches·​to·​vendor·​code·​fall·​into·​two665 »       ​····​vendor·​import.​</​p></​div><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">No​te:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">Patches·​to·​vendor·​code·​fall·​into·​two
666 »       ​····​categories:​</​p><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>V​endor·​patches:​·​these·​are·​patches·​that·​have·​been666 »       ​····​categories:​</​p><div·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>V​endor·​patches:​·​these·​are·​patches·​that·​have·​been
667 »       ​»       ​issued·​by·​the·​vendor,​·​or·​that·​have·​been·​extracted·​from667 »       ​»       ​issued·​by·​the·​vendor,​·​or·​that·​have·​been·​extracted·​from
Offset 673, 18 lines modifiedOffset 673, 18 lines modified
673 »       ​»       ​branch,​·​and·​merged·​from·​there·​to·​head.​··​If·​the·​patch673 »       ​»       ​branch,​·​and·​merged·​from·​there·​to·​head.​··​If·​the·​patch
674 »       ​»       ​addresses·​an·​issue·​in·​a·​new·​release·​that·​is·​currently674 »       ​»       ​addresses·​an·​issue·​in·​a·​new·​release·​that·​is·​currently
675 »       ​»       ​being·​imported,​·​it·​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​must·​not</​em></​span>·​be675 »       ​»       ​being·​imported,​·​it·​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​must·​not</​em></​span>·​be
676 »       ​»       ​committed·​along·​with·​the·​new·​release:​·​the·​release·​must676 »       ​»       ​committed·​along·​with·​the·​new·​release:​·​the·​release·​must
677 »       ​»       ​be·​imported·​and·​tagged·​first,​·​then·​the·​patch·​can·​be677 »       ​»       ​be·​imported·​and·​tagged·​first,​·​then·​the·​patch·​can·​be
678 »       ​»       ​applied·​and·​committed.​··​There·​is·​no·​need·​to·​re-​tag·​the678 »       ​»       ​applied·​and·​committed.​··​There·​is·​no·​need·​to·​re-​tag·​the
679 »       ​»       ​vendor·​sources·​after·​committing·​the·​patch.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>F​reeBSD·​patches·​should·​be·​committed·​directly·​to679 »       ​»       ​vendor·​sources·​after·​committing·​the·​patch.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>F​reeBSD·​patches·​should·​be·​committed·​directly·​to
680 »       ​»       ​head.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60636600"></​a>5.​4.​4.​1.​ Preparing·​the·​Tree</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>If·​importing·​for·​the·​first·​time·​after·​the·​switch·​to680 »       ​»       ​head.​</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60704952"></​a>5.​4.​4.​1.​ Preparing·​the·​Tree</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>If·​importing·​for·​the·​first·​time·​after·​the·​switch·​to
681 »       ​····​Subversion,​·​flattening·​and·​cleaning·​up·​the·​vendor·​tree·​is681 »       ​····​Subversion,​·​flattening·​and·​cleaning·​up·​the·​vendor·​tree·​is
682 »       ​····​necessary,​·​as·​well·​as·​bootstrapping·​the·​merge·​history·​in682 »       ​····​necessary,​·​as·​well·​as·​bootstrapping·​the·​merge·​history·​in
683 »       ​····​the·​main·​tree.​</​p><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60638904"></​a>5.​4.​4.​1.​1.​ Flattening</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>During·​the·​conversion·​from·​<acronym·​class="acronym">CVS</​acronym>·​to683 »       ​····​the·​main·​tree.​</​p><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60707384"></​a>5.​4.​4.​1.​1.​ Flattening</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>During·​the·​conversion·​from·​<acronym·​class="acronym">CVS</​acronym>·​to
684 »       ​······​Subversion,​·​vendor·​branches·​were·​imported·​with·​the·​same684 »       ​······​Subversion,​·​vendor·​branches·​were·​imported·​with·​the·​same
685 »       ​······​layout·​as·​the·​main·​tree.​··​This·​means·​that·​the685 »       ​······​layout·​as·​the·​main·​tree.​··​This·​means·​that·​the
686 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">pf</​code>·​vendor·​sources·​ended·​up·​in686 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">pf</​code>·​vendor·​sources·​ended·​up·​in
687 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">vend​or/​pf/​dist/​contrib/​pf</​code>.​··​The687 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">vend​or/​pf/​dist/​contrib/​pf</​code>.​··​The
688 »       ​······​vendor·​source·​is·​best·​directly·​in688 »       ​······​vendor·​source·​is·​best·​directly·​in
689 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">vend​or/​pf/​dist</​code>.​</​p><p>To·​flatten·​the·​<code·​class="literal">pf</​code>·​tree:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​dist/​contrib/​pf</​code></​em></​code></​strong>689 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">vend​or/​pf/​dist</​code>.​</​p><p>To·​flatten·​the·​<code·​class="literal">pf</​code>·​tree:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​dist/​contrib/​pf</​code></​em></​code></​strong>
690 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​mv·​$(svn·​list)​·​.​.​/​.​.​</​code></​strong>690 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​mv·​$(svn·​list)​·​.​.​/​.​.​</​code></​strong>
Offset 696, 31 lines modifiedOffset 696, 31 lines modified
696 »       ​······​add·​<code·​class="literal">svn:​mergeinfo</​code>·​to·​any·​directory696 »       ​······​add·​<code·​class="literal">svn:​mergeinfo</​code>·​to·​any·​directory
697 »       ​······​that·​is·​copied·​or·​moved.​··​In·​this·​case,​·​as·​nothing·​is697 »       ​······​that·​is·​copied·​or·​moved.​··​In·​this·​case,​·​as·​nothing·​is
698 »       ​······​being·​merged·​from·​the·​deleted·​tree,​·​they·​just·​get·​in·​the698 »       ​······​being·​merged·​from·​the·​deleted·​tree,​·​they·​just·​get·​in·​the
699 »       ​······​way.​</​p><p>Tags·​may·​be·​flattened·​as·​well·​(3,​·​4,​·​3.​5·​etc.​)​;​·​the699 »       ​······​way.​</​p><p>Tags·​may·​be·​flattened·​as·​well·​(3,​·​4,​·​3.​5·​etc.​)​;​·​the
700 »       ​······​procedure·​is·​exactly·​the·​same,​·​only·​changing700 »       ​······​procedure·​is·​exactly·​the·​same,​·​only·​changing
701 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">dist<​/​code>·​to·​<code·​class="literal">3.​5</​code>·​or701 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">dist<​/​code>·​to·​<code·​class="literal">3.​5</​code>·​or
702 »       ​······​similar,​·​and·​putting·​the·​<code·​class="command">svn·​commit</​code>702 »       ​······​similar,​·​and·​putting·​the·​<code·​class="command">svn·​commit</​code>
703 »       ​······​off·​until·​the·​end·​of·​the·​process.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60681656"></​a>5.​4.​4.​1.​2.​ Cleaning·​Up</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​<code·​class="literal">dist<​/​code>·​tree·​can·​be·​cleaned·​up703 »       ​······​off·​until·​the·​end·​of·​the·​process.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60749240"></​a>5.​4.​4.​1.​2.​ Cleaning·​Up</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​<code·​class="literal">dist<​/​code>·​tree·​can·​be·​cleaned·​up
704 »       ​······​as·​necessary.​··​Disabling·​keyword·​expansion·​is704 »       ​······​as·​necessary.​··​Disabling·​keyword·​expansion·​is
705 »       ​······​recommended,​·​as·​it·​makes·​no·​sense·​on·​unmodified·​vendor705 »       ​······​recommended,​·​as·​it·​makes·​no·​sense·​on·​unmodified·​vendor
706 »       ​······​code·​and·​in·​some·​cases·​it·​can·​even·​be·​harmful.​706 »       ​······​code·​and·​in·​some·​cases·​it·​can·​even·​be·​harmful.​
707 »       ​······​<span·​class="application">O​penSSH</​span>,​·​for·​example,​707 »       ​······​<span·​class="application">O​penSSH</​span>,​·​for·​example,​
708 »       ​······​includes·​two·​files·​that·​originated·​with·​FreeBSD·​and·​still708 »       ​······​includes·​two·​files·​that·​originated·​with·​FreeBSD·​and·​still
709 »       ​······​contain·​the·​original·​version·​tags.​··​To·​do·​this:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​propdel·​svn:​keywords·​-​R·​.​</​code></​strong>709 »       ​······​contain·​the·​original·​version·​tags.​··​To·​do·​this:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​propdel·​svn:​keywords·​-​R·​.​</​code></​strong>
710 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit</​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60689848"></​a>5.​4.​4.​1.​3.​ Bootstrapping·​Merge·​History</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>If·​importing·​for·​the·​first·​time·​after·​the·​switch·​to710 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit</​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60757688"></​a>5.​4.​4.​1.​3.​ Bootstrapping·​Merge·​History</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>If·​importing·​for·​the·​first·​time·​after·​the·​switch·​to
711 »       ​······​Subversion,​·​bootstrap·​<code·​class="literal">svn:​mergeinfo</​code>711 »       ​······​Subversion,​·​bootstrap·​<code·​class="literal">svn:​mergeinfo</​code>
712 »       ​······​on·​the·​target·​directory·​in·​the·​main·​tree·​to·​the·​revision712 »       ​······​on·​the·​target·​directory·​in·​the·​main·​tree·​to·​the·​revision
713 »       ​······​that·​corresponds·​to·​the·​last·​related·​change·​to·​the713 »       ​······​that·​corresponds·​to·​the·​last·​related·​change·​to·​the
714 »       ​······​vendor·​tree,​·​prior·​to·​importing·​new·​sources:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>head/​contrib/​pf</​code></​em></​code></​strong>714 »       ​······​vendor·​tree,​·​prior·​to·​importing·​new·​sources:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>head/​contrib/​pf</​code></​em></​code></​strong>
715 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​-​record-​only·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​dist@180876</​code></​em>·​.​</​code></​strong>715 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​-​record-​only·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​dist@180876</​code></​em>·​.​</​code></​strong>
716 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit</​code></​strong></​pre></​div></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60701368"></​a>5.​4.​4.​2.​ Importing·​New·​Sources</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>With·​two·​commits&#8212;​one·​for·​the·​import·​itself·​and716 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit</​code></​strong></​pre></​div></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60785720"></​a>5.​4.​4.​2.​ Importing·​New·​Sources</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>With·​two·​commits&#8212;​one·​for·​the·​import·​itself·​and
717 »       ​····​one·​for·​the·​tag&#8212;​this·​step·​can·​optionally·​be·​repeated717 »       ​····​one·​for·​the·​tag&#8212;​this·​step·​can·​optionally·​be·​repeated
718 »       ​····​for·​every·​upstream·​release·​between·​the·​last·​import·​and·​the718 »       ​····​for·​every·​upstream·​release·​between·​the·​last·​import·​and·​the
719 »       ​····​current·​import.​</​p><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60704056"></​a>5.​4.​4.​2.​1.​ Preparing·​the·​Vendor·​Sources</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>Unlike·​in·​<acronym·​class="acronym">CVS</​acronym>·​where·​only·​the719 »       ​····​current·​import.​</​p><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60788024"></​a>5.​4.​4.​2.​1.​ Preparing·​the·​Vendor·​Sources</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>Unlike·​in·​<acronym·​class="acronym">CVS</​acronym>·​where·​only·​the
720 »       ​······​needed·​parts·​were·​imported·​into·​the·​vendor·​tree·​to·​avoid720 »       ​······​needed·​parts·​were·​imported·​into·​the·​vendor·​tree·​to·​avoid
721 »       ​······​bloating·​the·​main·​tree,​·​Subversion·​is·​able·​to·​store·​a721 »       ​······​bloating·​the·​main·​tree,​·​Subversion·​is·​able·​to·​store·​a
722 »       ​······​full·​distribution·​in·​the·​vendor·​tree.​··​So,​·​import722 »       ​······​full·​distribution·​in·​the·​vendor·​tree.​··​So,​·​import
723 »       ​······​everything,​·​but·​merge·​only·​what·​is·​required.​</​p><p>A·​<code·​class="command">svn·​add</​code>·​is·​required·​to·​add·​any723 »       ​······​everything,​·​but·​merge·​only·​what·​is·​required.​</​p><p>A·​<code·​class="command">svn·​add</​code>·​is·​required·​to·​add·​any
724 »       ​······​files·​that·​were·​added·​since·​the·​last·​vendor·​import,​·​and724 »       ​······​files·​that·​were·​added·​since·​the·​last·​vendor·​import,​·​and
725 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​rm</​code>·​is·​required·​to·​remove·​any·​that725 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​rm</​code>·​is·​required·​to·​remove·​any·​that
726 »       ​······​were·​removed·​since.​··​Preparing·​sorted·​lists·​of·​the726 »       ​······​were·​removed·​since.​··​Preparing·​sorted·​lists·​of·​the
Offset 730, 15 lines modifiedOffset 730, 15 lines modified
730 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​list·​-​R·​|·​grep·​-​v·​'/​$'·​|·​sort·​&gt;​.​.​/​old</​code></​strong>730 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​list·​-​R·​|·​grep·​-​v·​'/​$'·​|·​sort·​&gt;​.​.​/​old</​code></​strong>
731 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>.​.​/​pf-​4.​3</​code></​em></​code></​strong>731 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>.​.​/​pf-​4.​3</​code></​em></​code></​strong>
732 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>find·​.​·​-​type·​f·​|·​cut·​-​c·​3-​·​|·​sort·​&gt;​.​.​/​new</​code></​strong></​pre><p>With·​these·​two·​files,​732 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>find·​.​·​-​type·​f·​|·​cut·​-​c·​3-​·​|·​sort·​&gt;​.​.​/​new</​code></​strong></​pre><p>With·​these·​two·​files,​
733 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">comm·​-​23·​.​.​/​old·​.​.​/​new</​code>·​will·​list733 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">comm·​-​23·​.​.​/​old·​.​.​/​new</​code>·​will·​list
734 »       ​······​removed·​files·​(files·​only·​in·​<code·​class="filename">old<​/​code>)​,​734 »       ​······​removed·​files·​(files·​only·​in·​<code·​class="filename">old<​/​code>)​,​
735 »       ​······​while·​<code·​class="command">comm·​-​13·​.​.​/​old·​.​.​/​new</​code>·​will735 »       ​······​while·​<code·​class="command">comm·​-​13·​.​.​/​old·​.​.​/​new</​code>·​will
736 »       ​······​list·​added·​files·​only·​in736 »       ​······​list·​added·​files·​only·​in
737 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">new<​/​code>.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60739640"></​a>5.​4.​4.​2.​2.​ Importing·​into·​the·​Vendor·​Tree</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>Now,​·​the·​sources·​must·​be·​copied·​into737 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">new<​/​code>.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60808888"></​a>5.​4.​4.​2.​2.​ Importing·​into·​the·​Vendor·​Tree</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>Now,​·​the·​sources·​must·​be·​copied·​into
738 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename"><em·​class="replaceable"><​code>dist</​code></​em></​code>·​and738 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename"><em·​class="replaceable"><​code>dist</​code></​em></​code>·​and
739 »       ​······​the·​<code·​class="command">svn·​add</​code>·​and739 »       ​······​the·​<code·​class="command">svn·​add</​code>·​and
740 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​rm</​code>·​commands·​should·​be·​used·​as740 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​rm</​code>·​commands·​should·​be·​used·​as
741 »       ​······​needed:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​pf-​4.​3</​code></​em></​code></​strong>741 »       ​······​needed:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​pf-​4.​3</​code></​em></​code></​strong>
742 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>tar·​cf·​-​·​.​·​|·​tar·​xf·​-​·​-​C·​.​.​/​dist</​code></​strong>742 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>tar·​cf·​-​·​.​·​|·​tar·​xf·​-​·​-​C·​.​.​/​dist</​code></​strong>
743 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>.​.​/​dist</​code></​em></​code></​strong>743 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>.​.​/​dist</​code></​em></​code></​strong>
744 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>comm·​-​23·​.​.​/​old·​.​.​/​new·​|·​xargs·​svn·​rm</​code></​strong>744 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>comm·​-​23·​.​.​/​old·​.​.​/​new·​|·​xargs·​svn·​rm</​code></​strong>
Offset 752, 25 lines modifiedOffset 752, 25 lines modified
752 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">appli​cation/​octet-​stream</​code>·​unless·​there752 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">appli​cation/​octet-​stream</​code>·​unless·​there
753 »       ​······​is·​a·​more·​appropriate·​media·​type.​··​Executable·​files753 »       ​······​is·​a·​more·​appropriate·​media·​type.​··​Executable·​files
754 »       ​······​should·​have·​<code·​class="literal">svn:​executable</​code>·​set·​to754 »       ​······​should·​have·​<code·​class="literal">svn:​executable</​code>·​set·​to
755 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">*</​code>.​··​No·​other·​properties·​should·​exist755 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">*</​code>.​··​No·​other·​properties·​should·​exist
756 »       ​······​on·​any·​file·​in·​the·​tree.​</​p><p>Committing·​is·​now·​possible,​·​however·​it·​is·​good756 »       ​······​on·​any·​file·​in·​the·​tree.​</​p><p>Committing·​is·​now·​possible,​·​however·​it·​is·​good
757 »       ​······​practice·​to·​make·​sure·​that·​everything·​is·​OK·​by·​using·​the757 »       ​······​practice·​to·​make·​sure·​that·​everything·​is·​OK·​by·​using·​the
758 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​stat</​code>·​and758 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​stat</​code>·​and
759 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​diff</​code>·​commands.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60772920"></​a>5.​4.​4.​2.​3.​ Tagging</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>Once·​committed,​·​vendor·​releases·​should·​be·​tagged·​for759 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​diff</​code>·​commands.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60848824"></​a>5.​4.​4.​2.​3.​ Tagging</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>Once·​committed,​·​vendor·​releases·​should·​be·​tagged·​for
760 »       ​······​future·​reference.​··​The·​best·​and·​quickest·​way·​to·​do·​this760 »       ​······​future·​reference.​··​The·​best·​and·​quickest·​way·​to·​do·​this
761 »       ​······​is·​directly·​in·​the·​repository:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​cp·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​dist</​code></​em>·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​4.​3</​code></​em></​code></​strong></​pre><p>Once·​that·​is·​complete,​·​<code·​class="command">svn·​up</​code>·​the761 »       ​······​is·​directly·​in·​the·​repository:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​cp·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​dist</​code></​em>·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​4.​3</​code></​em></​code></​strong></​pre><p>Once·​that·​is·​complete,​·​<code·​class="command">svn·​up</​code>·​the
762 »       ​······​working·​copy·​of762 »       ​······​working·​copy·​of
763 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename"><em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf</​code></​em></​code>763 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename"><em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf</​code></​em></​code>
764 »       ​······​to·​get·​the·​new·​tag,​·​although·​this·​is·​rarely764 »       ​······​to·​get·​the·​new·​tag,​·​although·​this·​is·​rarely
765 »       ​······​needed.​</​p><p>If·​creating·​the·​tag·​in·​the·​working·​copy·​of·​the·​tree,​765 »       ​······​needed.​</​p><p>If·​creating·​the·​tag·​in·​the·​working·​copy·​of·​the·​tree,​
766 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn:​mergeinfo</​code>·​results·​must·​be766 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn:​mergeinfo</​code>·​results·​must·​be
767 »       ​······​removed:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd»  ​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf</​code></​em></​code></​strong>767 »       ​······​removed:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd»  ​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf</​code></​em></​code></​strong>
768 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​cp·​dist·​4.​3</​code></​strong>768 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​cp·​dist·​4.​3</​code></​strong>
769 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​propdel·​svn:​mergeinfo·​-​R·​4.​3</​code></​strong></​pre></​div></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60803384"></​a>5.​4.​4.​3.​ Merging·​to·​Head</​h5></​div></​div></​div><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>head/​contrib/​pf</​code></​em></​code></​strong>769 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​propdel·​svn:​mergeinfo·​-​R·​4.​3</​code></​strong></​pre></​div></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp60867384"></​a>5.​4.​4.​3.​ Merging·​to·​Head</​h5></​div></​div></​div><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>head/​contrib/​pf</​code></​em></​code></​strong>
770 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​up</​code></​strong>770 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​up</​code></​strong>
771 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​-​accept=postpone·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​dist</​code></​em>·​.​</​code></​strong></​pre><p>The·​<code·​class="literal">-​-​accept=postpone</​code>·​tells771 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​-​accept=postpone·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor/​pf/​dist</​code></​em>·​.​</​code></​strong></​pre><p>The·​<code·​class="literal">-​-​accept=postpone</​code>·​tells
772 »       ​····​Subversion·​that·​it·​should·​not·​complain·​because·​merge772 »       ​····​Subversion·​that·​it·​should·​not·​complain·​because·​merge
773 »       ​····​conflicts·​will·​be·​taken·​care·​of·​manually.​</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="tip"><h3·​class="admontitle"><a​·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​id="svn-​advanced-​use-​vendor-​imports-​pre-​svn"></​a>Tip:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">The·​<code·​class="command">cvs2s​vn</​code>·​changeover·​occurred773 »       ​····​conflicts·​will·​be·​taken·​care·​of·​manually.​</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="tip"><h3·​class="admontitle"><a​·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​id="svn-​advanced-​use-​vendor-​imports-​pre-​svn"></​a>Tip:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">The·​<code·​class="command">cvs2s​vn</​code>·​changeover·​occurred
774 »       ​······​on·​June·​3,​·​2008.​··​When·​performing·​vendor·​merges·​for774 »       ​······​on·​June·​3,​·​2008.​··​When·​performing·​vendor·​merges·​for
775 »       ​······​packages·​which·​were·​already·​present·​and·​converted·​by·​the775 »       ​······​packages·​which·​were·​already·​present·​and·​converted·​by·​the
776 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">cvs2s​vn</​code>·​process,​·​the·​command·​used·​to776 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">cvs2s​vn</​code>·​process,​·​the·​command·​used·​to
Offset 802, 29 lines modifiedOffset 802, 29 lines modified
802 »       ​····​Subversion,​·​there·​is·​no·​concept·​of·​on·​or·​off·​the·​vendor802 »       ​····​Subversion,​·​there·​is·​no·​concept·​of·​on·​or·​off·​the·​vendor
803 »       ​····​branch.​··​If·​a·​file·​that·​previously·​had·​local803 »       ​····​branch.​··​If·​a·​file·​that·​previously·​had·​local
804 »       ​····​modifications,​·​to·​make·​it·​not·​show·​up·​in·​diffs·​in·​the804 »       ​····​modifications,​·​to·​make·​it·​not·​show·​up·​in·​diffs·​in·​the
805 »       ​····​vendor·​tree,​·​all·​that·​has·​to·​be·​done·​is·​remove·​any805 »       ​····​vendor·​tree,​·​all·​that·​has·​to·​be·​done·​is·​remove·​any
806 »       ​····​left-​over·​cruft·​like·​FreeBSD·​version·​tags,​·​which·​is·​much806 »       ​····​left-​over·​cruft·​like·​FreeBSD·​version·​tags,​·​which·​is·​much
807 »       ​····​easier.​</​p><p>If·​any·​changes·​are·​required·​for·​the·​world·​to·​build807 »       ​····​easier.​</​p><p>If·​any·​changes·​are·​required·​for·​the·​world·​to·​build
808 »       ​····​with·​the·​new·​sources,​·​make·​them·​now,​·​and·​keep·​testing808 »       ​····​with·​the·​new·​sources,​·​make·​them·​now,​·​and·​keep·​testing
809 »       ​····​until·​everything·​builds·​and·​runs·​perfectly.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63238584"></​a>5.​4.​4.​4.​ Committing·​the·​Vendor·​Import</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>Committing·​is·​now·​possible!··​Everything·​must·​be809 »       ​····​until·​everything·​builds·​and·​runs·​perfectly.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp62648760"></​a>5.​4.​4.​4.​ Committing·​the·​Vendor·​Import</​h5></​div></​div></​div><p>Committing·​is·​now·​possible!··​Everything·​must·​be
810 »       ​····​committed·​in·​one·​go.​··​If·​done·​properly,​·​the·​tree·​will·​move810 »       ​····​committed·​in·​one·​go.​··​If·​done·​properly,​·​the·​tree·​will·​move
811 »       ​····​from·​a·​consistent·​state·​with·​old·​code,​·​to·​a·​consistent811 »       ​····​from·​a·​consistent·​state·​with·​old·​code,​·​to·​a·​consistent
812 »       ​····​state·​with·​new·​code.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63239736"></​a>5.​4.​4.​5.​ From·​Scratch</​h5></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63240376"></​a>5.​4.​4.​5.​1.​ Importing·​into·​the·​Vendor·​Tree</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>This·​section·​is·​an·​example·​of·​importing·​and·​tagging812 »       ​····​state·​with·​new·​code.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect4"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h5·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp62649912"></​a>5.​4.​4.​5.​ From·​Scratch</​h5></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp62650552"></​a>5.​4.​4.​5.​1.​ Importing·​into·​the·​Vendor·​Tree</​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>This·​section·​is·​an·​example·​of·​importing·​and·​tagging
813 »       ​······​<span·​class="application">b​yacc</​span>·​into813 »       ​······​<span·​class="application">b​yacc</​span>·​into
814 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">head​</​code>.​</​p><p>First,​·​prepare·​the·​directory·​in814 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">head​</​code>.​</​p><p>First,​·​prepare·​the·​directory·​in
815 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">vend​or</​code>:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​co·​-​-​depth·​immediates·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>$FSVN/​vendor</​code></​em></​code></​strong>815 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">vend​or</​code>:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​co·​-​-​depth·​immediates·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>$FSVN/​vendor</​code></​em></​code></​strong>
816 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor</​code></​em></​code></​strong>816 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>vendor</​code></​em></​code></​strong>
817 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​mkdir·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>byacc</​code></​em></​code></​strong>817 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​mkdir·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>byacc</​code></​em></​code></​strong>
818 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​mkdir·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>byacc/​dist</​code></​em></​code></​strong></​pre><p>Now,​·​import·​the·​sources·​into·​the818 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​mkdir·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>byacc/​dist</​code></​em></​code></​strong></​pre><p>Now,​·​import·​the·​sources·​into·​the
819 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">dist​</​code>·​directory.​819 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">dist​</​code>·​directory.​
820 »       ​······​Once·​the·​files·​are·​in·​place,​·​<code·​class="command">svn·​add</​code>820 »       ​······​Once·​the·​files·​are·​in·​place,​·​<code·​class="command">svn·​add</​code>
821 »       ​······​the·​new·​ones,​·​then·​<code·​class="command">svn·​commit</​code>·​and·​tag821 »       ​······​the·​new·​ones,​·​then·​<code·​class="command">svn·​commit</​code>·​and·​tag
822 »       ​······​the·​imported·​version.​··​To·​save·​time·​and·​bandwidth,​822 »       ​······​the·​imported·​version.​··​To·​save·​time·​and·​bandwidth,​
823 »       ​······​direct·​remote·​committing·​and·​tagging·​is·​possible:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​cp·​-​m·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>"Tag·​byacc·​20120115"</​code></​em>·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>$FSVN/​vendor/​byacc/​dist</​code></​em>·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>$FSVN/​vendor/​byacc/​20120115</​code></​em></​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63263160"></​a>5.​4.​4.​5.​2.​ Merging·​to·​<code·​class="literal">head<​/​code></​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>Due·​to·​this·​being·​a·​new·​file,​·​copy·​it·​for·​the823 »       ​······​direct·​remote·​committing·​and·​tagging·​is·​possible:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​cp·​-​m·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>"Tag·​byacc·​20120115"</​code></​em>·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>$FSVN/​vendor/​byacc/​dist</​code></​em>·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>$FSVN/​vendor/​byacc/​20120115</​code></​em></​code></​strong></​pre></​div><div·​class="sect5"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h6·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63295928"></​a>5.​4.​4.​5.​2.​ Merging·​to·​<code·​class="literal">head<​/​code></​h6></​div></​div></​div><p>Due·​to·​this·​being·​a·​new·​file,​·​copy·​it·​for·​the
824 »       ​······​merge:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​cp·​-​m·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>"Import·​byacc·​to·​contrib"</​code></​em>·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>$FSVN/​vendor/​byacc/​dist</​code></​em>·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>$FSVN/​head/​contrib/​byacc</​code></​em></​code></​strong></​pre><p>Working·​normally·​on·​newly·​imported·​sources·​is·​still824 »       ​······​merge:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​cp·​-​m·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>"Import·​byacc·​to·​contrib"</​code></​em>·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>$FSVN/​vendor/​byacc/​dist</​code></​em>·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>$FSVN/​head/​contrib/​byacc</​code></​em></​code></​strong></​pre><p>Working·​normally·​on·​newly·​imported·​sources·​is·​still
825 »       ​······​possible.​</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="svn-​advanced-​use-​reverting-​a-​commit"></​a>5.​4.​5.​ Reverting·​a·​Commit</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>Reverting·​a·​commit·​to·​a·​previous·​version·​is·​fairly825 »       ​······​possible.​</​p></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="sect3"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h4·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="svn-​advanced-​use-​reverting-​a-​commit"></​a>5.​4.​5.​ Reverting·​a·​Commit</​h4></​div></​div></​div><p>Reverting·​a·​commit·​to·​a·​previous·​version·​is·​fairly
826 »       ​··​easy:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​r179454:​179453·​ROADMAP.​txt</​code></​strong>826 »       ​··​easy:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​r179454:​179453·​ROADMAP.​txt</​code></​strong>
827 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit</​code></​strong></​pre><p>Change·​number·​syntax,​·​with·​negative·​meaning·​a·​reverse827 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit</​code></​strong></​pre><p>Change·​number·​syntax,​·​with·​negative·​meaning·​a·​reverse
828 »       ​··​change,​·​can·​also·​be·​used:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​c·​-​179454·​ROADMAP.​txt</​code></​strong>828 »       ​··​change,​·​can·​also·​be·​used:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​c·​-​179454·​ROADMAP.​txt</​code></​strong>
829 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit</​code></​strong></​pre><p>This·​can·​also·​be·​done·​directly·​in·​the·​repository:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​r179454:​179453·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​ROADMAP.​txt</​code></​strong></​pre><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">No​te:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">It·​is·​important·​to·​ensure·​that·​the·​mergeinfo829 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit</​code></​strong></​pre><p>This·​can·​also·​be·​done·​directly·​in·​the·​repository:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​-​r179454:​179453·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​ROADMAP.​txt</​code></​strong></​pre><div·​xmlns=""·​class="note"><h3·​class="admontitle">No​te:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">It·​is·​important·​to·​ensure·​that·​the·​mergeinfo
830 »       ​····​is·​correct·​when·​reverting·​a·​file·​in·​order·​to·​permit830 »       ​····​is·​correct·​when·​reverting·​a·​file·​in·​order·​to·​permit
Offset 896, 15 lines modifiedOffset 896, 15 lines modified
896 »       ​··​the·​proper·​location·​is896 »       ​··​the·​proper·​location·​is
897 »       ​··​<code·​class="filename">base​/​user/​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>your-​name</​code></​em>/​</​code>.​897 »       ​··​<code·​class="filename">base​/​user/​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>your-​name</​code></​em>/​</​code>.​
898 »       ​··​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​svnweb.​freebsd.​org/​base/​projects/​GUIDELINES.​txt"·​target="_top">This898 »       ​··​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​svnweb.​freebsd.​org/​base/​projects/​GUIDELINES.​txt"·​target="_top">This
899 »       ​····​page</​a>·​contains·​further·​details.​</​p><p>To·​create·​a·​project·​branch:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​copy·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​head·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​projects/​spif</​code></​strong></​pre><p>To·​merge·​changes·​from·​HEAD·​back·​into·​the·​project899 »       ​····​page</​a>·​contains·​further·​details.​</​p><p>To·​create·​a·​project·​branch:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​copy·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​head·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​projects/​spif</​code></​strong></​pre><p>To·​merge·​changes·​from·​HEAD·​back·​into·​the·​project
900 »       ​··​branch:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​copy_of_spif</​code></​strong>900 »       ​··​branch:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>cd·​copy_of_spif</​code></​strong>
901 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​head</​code></​strong>901 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​merge·​svn+ssh:​/​/​repo.​freebsd.​org/​base/​head</​code></​strong>
902 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit</​code></​strong></​pre><p>It·​is·​important·​to·​resolve·​any·​merge·​conflicts·​before902 <code·​class="prompt">%</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>svn·​commit</​code></​strong></​pre><p>It·​is·​important·​to·​resolve·​any·​merge·​conflicts·​before
903 »       ​··​committing.​</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63329208"></​a>5.​5.​ Some·​Tips</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>In·​commit·​logs·​etc.​,​·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">rev·​179872</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​should·​be903 »       ​··​committing.​</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63357880"></​a>5.​5.​ Some·​Tips</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>In·​commit·​logs·​etc.​,​·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">rev·​179872</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​should·​be
904 »       ​spelled·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">r179872​</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​as·​per·​convention.​</​p><p>Speeding·​up·​svn·​is·​possible·​by·​adding·​the·​following·​to904 »       ​spelled·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">r179872​</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​as·​per·​convention.​</​p><p>Speeding·​up·​svn·​is·​possible·​by·​adding·​the·​following·​to
905 »       ​<code·​class="filename">~/​.​ssh/​config</​code>:​</​p><pre·​class="screen">Host·​*905 »       ​<code·​class="filename">~/​.​ssh/​config</​code>:​</​p><pre·​class="screen">Host·​*
906 ControlPath·​~/​.​ssh/​sockets/​master-​%l-​%r@%h:​%p906 ControlPath·​~/​.​ssh/​sockets/​master-​%l-​%r@%h:​%p
907 ControlMaster·​auto907 ControlMaster·​auto
908 ControlPersist·​yes</​pre><p>and·​then·​typing</​p><pre·​class="screen"><stron​g·​class="userinput"><co​de>mkdir·​~/​.​ssh/​sockets</​code></​strong></​pre><p>Checking·​out·​a·​working·​copy·​with·​a·​stock·​Subversion·​client908 ControlPersist·​yes</​pre><p>and·​then·​typing</​p><pre·​class="screen"><stron​g·​class="userinput"><co​de>mkdir·​~/​.​ssh/​sockets</​code></​strong></​pre><p>Checking·​out·​a·​working·​copy·​with·​a·​stock·​Subversion·​client
909 »       ​without·​FreeBSD-​specific·​patches909 »       ​without·​FreeBSD-​specific·​patches
910 »       ​(<code·​class="varname">OPTIO​NS_SET=FREEBSD_TEMPLA​TE</​code>)​·​will·​mean910 »       ​(<code·​class="varname">OPTIO​NS_SET=FREEBSD_TEMPLA​TE</​code>)​·​will·​mean
Offset 1100, 34 lines modifiedOffset 1100, 34 lines modified
1100 »       ​······​<acronym·​class="acronym">MFC</​acronym>·​at·​a·​later·​date,​·​specify·​the1100 »       ​······​<acronym·​class="acronym">MFC</​acronym>·​at·​a·​later·​date,​·​specify·​the
1101 »       ​······​number·​of·​days,​·​weeks,​·​or·​months·​after·​which·​an1101 »       ​······​number·​of·​days,​·​weeks,​·​or·​months·​after·​which·​an
1102 »       ​······​<acronym·​class="acronym">MFC</​acronym>·​is·​planned.​</​td></​tr><tr><td><code·​class="literal">Relno​tes:​</​code></​td><td>If·​the·​change·​is·​a·​candidate·​for·​inclusion·​in1102 »       ​······​<acronym·​class="acronym">MFC</​acronym>·​is·​planned.​</​td></​tr><tr><td><code·​class="literal">Relno​tes:​</​code></​td><td>If·​the·​change·​is·​a·​candidate·​for·​inclusion·​in
1103 »       ​······​the·​release·​notes·​for·​the·​next·​release·​from·​the·​branch,​1103 »       ​······​the·​release·​notes·​for·​the·​next·​release·​from·​the·​branch,​
1104 »       ​······​set·​to·​<code·​class="literal">yes</​code>.​</​td></​tr><tr><td><code·​class="literal">Secur​ity:​</​code></​td><td>If·​the·​change·​is·​related·​to·​a·​security1104 »       ​······​set·​to·​<code·​class="literal">yes</​code>.​</​td></​tr><tr><td><code·​class="literal">Secur​ity:​</​code></​td><td>If·​the·​change·​is·​related·​to·​a·​security
1105 »       ​······​vulnerability·​or·​security·​exposure,​·​include·​one·​or·​more1105 »       ​······​vulnerability·​or·​security·​exposure,​·​include·​one·​or·​more
1106 »       ​······​references·​or·​a·​description·​of·​the·​issue.​··​If·​possible,​1106 »       ​······​references·​or·​a·​description·​of·​the·​issue.​··​If·​possible,​
1107 »       ​······​include·​a·​VuXML·​URL·​or·​a·​CVE·​ID.​</​td></​tr></​tbody></​table></​div><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63452344"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 1.​ Commit·​Log·​for·​a·​Commit·​Based·​on·​a·​PR</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>You·​want·​to·​commit·​a·​change·​based·​on·​a·​PR·​submitted·​by1107 »       ​······​include·​a·​VuXML·​URL·​or·​a·​CVE·​ID.​</​td></​tr></​tbody></​table></​div><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63509688"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 1.​ Commit·​Log·​for·​a·​Commit·​Based·​on·​a·​PR</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>You·​want·​to·​commit·​a·​change·​based·​on·​a·​PR·​submitted·​by
1108 »       ​John·​Smith·​containing·​a·​patch.​··​The·​end·​of·​the·​commit·​message1108 »       ​John·​Smith·​containing·​a·​patch.​··​The·​end·​of·​the·​commit·​message
1109 »       ​should·​look·​something·​like·​this.​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">.​.​.​1109 »       ​should·​look·​something·​like·​this.​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">.​.​.​
  
1110 »       ​····​PR:​····················​123451110 »       ​····​PR:​····················​12345
1111 »       ​····​Submitted·​by:​»       ​···​John·​Smith·​&lt;​John.​Smith@example.​com&gt;​</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63453880"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 2.​ Commit·​Log·​for·​a·​Commit·​Needing·​Review</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>You·​want·​to·​change·​the·​virtual·​memory·​system.​··​You·​have1111 »       ​····​Submitted·​by:​»       ​···​John·​Smith·​&lt;​John.​Smith@example.​com&gt;​</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63511224"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 2.​ Commit·​Log·​for·​a·​Commit·​Needing·​Review</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>You·​want·​to·​change·​the·​virtual·​memory·​system.​··​You·​have
1112 »       ​posted·​patches·​to·​the·​appropriate·​mailing·​list·​(in·​this1112 »       ​posted·​patches·​to·​the·​appropriate·​mailing·​list·​(in·​this
1113 »       ​case,​·​<code·​class="literal">freeb​sd-​arch</​code>)​·​and·​the·​changes·​have1113 »       ​case,​·​<code·​class="literal">freeb​sd-​arch</​code>)​·​and·​the·​changes·​have
1114 »       ​been·​approved.​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">.​.​.​1114 »       ​been·​approved.​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">.​.​.​
  
1115 »       ​····​Reviewed·​by:​·······​-​arch</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63468216"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 3.​ Commit·​Log·​for·​a·​Commit·​Needing·​Approval</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>You·​want·​to·​commit·​a·​port.​··​You·​have·​collaborated·​with1115 »       ​····​Reviewed·​by:​·······​-​arch</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63513272"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 3.​ Commit·​Log·​for·​a·​Commit·​Needing·​Approval</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>You·​want·​to·​commit·​a·​port.​··​You·​have·​collaborated·​with
1116 »       ​the·​listed·​MAINTAINER,​·​who·​has·​told·​you·​to·​go·​ahead·​and1116 »       ​the·​listed·​MAINTAINER,​·​who·​has·​told·​you·​to·​go·​ahead·​and
1117 »       ​commit.​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">.​.​.​1117 »       ​commit.​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">.​.​.​
  
1118 »       ​····​Approved·​by:​»       ​····​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>abc</​code></​em>·​(maintainer)​</​pre><p>Where·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>abc</​code></​em>·​is·​the·​account·​name1118 »       ​····​Approved·​by:​»       ​····​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>abc</​code></​em>·​(maintainer)​</​pre><p>Where·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>abc</​code></​em>·​is·​the·​account·​name
1119 »       ​of·​the·​person·​who·​approved.​</​p></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63471032"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 4.​ Commit·​Log·​for·​a·​Commit·​Bringing·​in·​Code·​from1119 »       ​of·​the·​person·​who·​approved.​</​p></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63516088"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 4.​ Commit·​Log·​for·​a·​Commit·​Bringing·​in·​Code·​from
1120 »       ​OpenBSD</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>You·​want·​to·​commit·​some·​code·​based·​on·​work·​done·​in·​the1120 »       ​OpenBSD</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>You·​want·​to·​commit·​some·​code·​based·​on·​work·​done·​in·​the
1121 »       ​OpenBSD·​project.​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">.​.​.​1121 »       ​OpenBSD·​project.​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">.​.​.​
  
1122 »       ​····​Obtained·​from:​······​OpenBSD</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63472568"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 5.​ Commit·​Log·​for·​a·​Change·​to·​FreeBSD-​CURRENT·​with·​a·​Planned1122 »       ​····​Obtained·​from:​······​OpenBSD</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63517624"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 5.​ Commit·​Log·​for·​a·​Change·​to·​FreeBSD-​CURRENT·​with·​a·​Planned
1123 »       ​Commit·​to·​FreeBSD-​STABLE·​to·​Follow·​at·​a·​Later·​Date.​</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>You·​want·​to·​commit·​some·​code·​which·​will·​be·​merged·​from1123 »       ​Commit·​to·​FreeBSD-​STABLE·​to·​Follow·​at·​a·​Later·​Date.​</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><p>You·​want·​to·​commit·​some·​code·​which·​will·​be·​merged·​from
1124 »       ​FreeBSD-​CURRENT·​into·​the·​FreeBSD-​STABLE·​branch·​after·​two1124 »       ​FreeBSD-​CURRENT·​into·​the·​FreeBSD-​STABLE·​branch·​after·​two
1125 »       ​weeks.​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">.​.​.​1125 »       ​weeks.​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">.​.​.​
  
1126 MFC·​after:​······​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>2·​weeks</​code></​em></​pre><p>Where·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>2</​code></​em>·​is·​the·​number·​of·​days,​1126 MFC·​after:​······​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>2·​weeks</​code></​em></​pre><p>Where·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>2</​code></​em>·​is·​the·​number·​of·​days,​
1127 »       ​weeks,​·​or·​months·​after·​which·​an·​<acronym·​class="acronym">MFC</​acronym>·​is1127 »       ​weeks,​·​or·​months·​after·​which·​an·​<acronym·​class="acronym">MFC</​acronym>·​is
1128 »       ​planned.​··​The·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>weeks</​code></​em>·​option·​may·​be1128 »       ​planned.​··​The·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>weeks</​code></​em>·​option·​may·​be
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1136 »       ​<code·​class="literal">month​</​code>,​·​<code·​class="literal">month​s</​code>.​</​p></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><p>In·​many·​cases·​you·​may·​need·​to·​combine·​some·​of·​these.​</​p><p>Consider·​the·​situation·​where·​a·​user·​has·​submitted·​a·​PR1136 »       ​<code·​class="literal">month​</​code>,​·​<code·​class="literal">month​s</​code>.​</​p></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​><p>In·​many·​cases·​you·​may·​need·​to·​combine·​some·​of·​these.​</​p><p>Consider·​the·​situation·​where·​a·​user·​has·​submitted·​a·​PR
1137 ······​containing·​code·​from·​the·​NetBSD·​project.​··​You·​are·​looking·​at·​the1137 ······​containing·​code·​from·​the·​NetBSD·​project.​··​You·​are·​looking·​at·​the
1138 ······​PR,​·​but·​it·​is·​not·​an·​area·​of·​the·​tree·​you·​normally·​work·​in,​·​so1138 ······​PR,​·​but·​it·​is·​not·​an·​area·​of·​the·​tree·​you·​normally·​work·​in,​·​so
1139 ······​you·​have·​decided·​to·​get·​the·​change·​reviewed·​by·​the1139 ······​you·​have·​decided·​to·​get·​the·​change·​reviewed·​by·​the
1140 ······​<code·​class="literal">arch<​/​code>·​mailing·​list.​··​Since·​the·​change·​is1140 ······​<code·​class="literal">arch<​/​code>·​mailing·​list.​··​Since·​the·​change·​is
1141 ······​complex,​·​you·​opt·​to·​<acronym·​class="acronym">MFC</​acronym>·​after·​one·​month·​to1141 ······​complex,​·​you·​opt·​to·​<acronym·​class="acronym">MFC</​acronym>·​after·​one·​month·​to
1142 ······​allow·​adequate·​testing.​</​p><p>The·​extra·​information·​to·​include·​in·​the·​commit·​would·​look1142 ······​allow·​adequate·​testing.​</​p><p>The·​extra·​information·​to·​include·​in·​the·​commit·​would·​look
1143 ······​something·​like</​p><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63132088"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 6.​ Example·​Combined·​Commit·​Log</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><pre·​class="programlisting​">PR:​·················​543211143 ······​something·​like</​p><div·​class="example"><a·​id="idp63529400"></​a><div·​class="example-​title">Example 6.​ Example·​Combined·​Commit·​Log</​div><div·​class="example-​contents"><pre·​class="programlisting​">PR:​·················​54321
1144 Submitted·​by:​·······​John·​Smith·​&lt;​John.​Smith@example.​com&gt;​1144 Submitted·​by:​·······​John·​Smith·​&lt;​John.​Smith@example.​com&gt;​
1145 Reviewed·​by:​········​-​arch1145 Reviewed·​by:​········​-​arch
1146 Obtained·​from:​······​NetBSD1146 Obtained·​from:​······​NetBSD
1147 MFC·​after:​··········​1·​month1147 MFC·​after:​··········​1·​month
1148 Relnotes:​···········​yes</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="pref-​license"></​a>8.​ Preferred·​License·​for·​New·​Files</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Currently·​the·​FreeBSD·​Project·​suggests·​and·​uses·​the·​following1148 Relnotes:​···········​yes</​pre></​div></​div><br·​class="example-​break"·​/​></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="pref-​license"></​a>8.​ Preferred·​License·​for·​New·​Files</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Currently·​the·​FreeBSD·​Project·​suggests·​and·​uses·​the·​following
1149 ······​text·​as·​the·​preferred·​license·​scheme:​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">/​*-​1149 ······​text·​as·​the·​preferred·​license·​scheme:​</​p><pre·​class="programlisting​">/​*-​
1150 ·​*·​Copyright·​(c)​·​[year]·​[your·​name]1150 ·​*·​Copyright·​(c)​·​[year]·​[your·​name]
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1285 ······​non-​<code·​class="systemitem">Fr​eeBSD.​org</​code>1285 ······​non-​<code·​class="systemitem">Fr​eeBSD.​org</​code>
1286 ······​Bugzilla·​accounts·​can·​have·​the·​old·​account·​merged·​with·​the1286 ······​Bugzilla·​accounts·​can·​have·​the·​old·​account·​merged·​with·​the
1287 ······​<code·​class="systemitem">Fr​eeBSD.​org</​code>·​account·​by1287 ······​<code·​class="systemitem">Fr​eeBSD.​org</​code>·​account·​by
1288 ······​entering·​a·​new·​bug.​··​Choose1288 ······​entering·​a·​new·​bug.​··​Choose
1289 ······​<code·​class="literal">Suppo​rting·​Services</​code>·​as·​the·​Product,​·​and1289 ······​<code·​class="literal">Suppo​rting·​Services</​code>·​as·​the·​Product,​·​and
1290 ······​<code·​class="literal">Bug·​Tracker</​code>·​as·​the·​Component.​</​p><p>You·​can·​find·​out·​more·​about1290 ······​<code·​class="literal">Bug·​Tracker</​code>·​as·​the·​Component.​</​p><p>You·​can·​find·​out·​more·​about
1291 ······​<span·​class="application">B​ugzilla</​span>·​at:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​pr-​guidelines/​index.​html"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​1291 ······​<span·​class="application">B​ugzilla</​span>·​at:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​pr-​guidelines/​index.​html"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​
1292 »       ​····​Problem·​Report·​Handling·​Guidelines</​a></​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​support.​html"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​support.​html</​a></​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp63523000"></​a>13.​ Phabricator</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​FreeBSD·​Project·​utilizes·​<a·​class="link"·​href="https:​/​/​reviews.​freebsd.​org"·​target="_top">Phabric​ator</​a>1292 »       ​····​Problem·​Report·​Handling·​Guidelines</​a></​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p><​a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​support.​html"·​target="_top">http:​/​/​www.​FreeBSD.​org/​support.​html</​a></​p></​li></​ul></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="idp63596728"></​a>13.​ Phabricator</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​FreeBSD·​Project·​utilizes·​<a·​class="link"·​href="https:​/​/​reviews.​freebsd.​org"·​target="_top">Phabric​ator</​a>
1293 ······​for·​code·​review·​requests.​··​See·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href="https:​/​/​wiki.​freebsd.​org/​CodeReview"·​target="_top">CodeRev​iew</​a>1293 ······​for·​code·​review·​requests.​··​See·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href="https:​/​/​wiki.​freebsd.​org/​CodeReview"·​target="_top">CodeRev​iew</​a>
1294 ······​wiki·​page·​for·​details.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="people"></​a>14.​ Who's·​Who</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Besides·​the·​repository·​meisters,​·​there·​are·​other·​FreeBSD1294 ······​wiki·​page·​for·​details.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="people"></​a>14.​ Who's·​Who</​h2></​div></​div></​div><p>Besides·​the·​repository·​meisters,​·​there·​are·​other·​FreeBSD
1295 ······​project·​members·​and·​teams·​whom·​you·​will·​probably·​get·​to·​know·​in1295 ······​project·​members·​and·​teams·​whom·​you·​will·​probably·​get·​to·​know·​in
1296 ······​your·​role·​as·​a·​committer.​··​Briefly,​·​and·​by·​no·​means1296 ······​your·​role·​as·​a·​committer.​··​Briefly,​·​and·​by·​no·​means
1297 ······​all-​inclusively,​·​these·​are:​</​p><div·​class="variablelist">​<dl·​class="variablelist">​<dt><span·​class="term">Document​ation·​Engineering·​Team·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​doceng@FreeBSD.​org">doceng@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code></​span></​dt><dd><p>doceng·​is·​the·​group·​responsible·​for·​the·​documentation1297 ······​all-​inclusively,​·​these·​are:​</​p><div·​class="variablelist">​<dl·​class="variablelist">​<dt><span·​class="term">Document​ation·​Engineering·​Team·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​doceng@FreeBSD.​org">doceng@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code></​span></​dt><dd><p>doceng·​is·​the·​group·​responsible·​for·​the·​documentation
1298 »       ​····​build·​infrastructure,​·​approving·​new·​documentation1298 »       ​····​build·​infrastructure,​·​approving·​new·​documentation
1299 »       ​····​committers,​·​and·​ensuring·​that·​the·​FreeBSD·​website·​and1299 »       ​····​committers,​·​and·​ensuring·​that·​the·​FreeBSD·​website·​and
Offset 1462, 15 lines modifiedOffset 1462, 15 lines modified
1462 ······​one.​</​p><p>In·​all·​other·​aspects·​of·​project·​operation,​·​core·​is·​a·​subset1462 ······​one.​</​p><p>In·​all·​other·​aspects·​of·​project·​operation,​·​core·​is·​a·​subset
1463 ······​of·​committers·​and·​is·​bound·​by·​the1463 ······​of·​committers·​and·​is·​bound·​by·​the
1464 ······​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​same·​rules</​em></​span>.​··​Just·​because·​someone·​is·​in1464 ······​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​same·​rules</​em></​span>.​··​Just·​because·​someone·​is·​in
1465 ······​core·​this·​does·​not·​mean·​that·​they·​have·​special·​dispensation·​to1465 ······​core·​this·​does·​not·​mean·​that·​they·​have·​special·​dispensation·​to
1466 ······​step·​outside·​any·​of·​the·​lines·​painted·​here;​·​core's1466 ······​step·​outside·​any·​of·​the·​lines·​painted·​here;​·​core's
1467 ······​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">special​·​powers</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​only·​kick·​in·​when·​it·​acts·​as·​a1467 ······​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">special​·​powers</​span>&#8221;​</​span>·​only·​kick·​in·​when·​it·​acts·​as·​a
1468 ······​group,​·​not·​on·​an·​individual·​basis.​··​As·​individuals,​·​the·​core1468 ······​group,​·​not·​on·​an·​individual·​basis.​··​As·​individuals,​·​the·​core
1469 ······​team·​members·​are·​all·​committers·​first·​and·​core·​second.​</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63617848"></​a>17.​1.​ Details</​h3></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​a·​id="respect"></​a>Respect·​other·​committers.​</​p><p>This·​means·​that·​you·​need·​to·​treat·​other·​committers·​as1469 ······​team·​members·​are·​all·​committers·​first·​and·​core·​second.​</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63699768"></​a>17.​1.​ Details</​h3></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p><​a·​id="respect"></​a>Respect·​other·​committers.​</​p><p>This·​means·​that·​you·​need·​to·​treat·​other·​committers·​as
1470 »       ​····​the·​peer-​group·​developers·​that·​they·​are.​··​Despite·​our1470 »       ​····​the·​peer-​group·​developers·​that·​they·​are.​··​Despite·​our
1471 »       ​····​occasional·​attempts·​to·​prove·​the·​contrary,​·​one·​does·​not1471 »       ​····​occasional·​attempts·​to·​prove·​the·​contrary,​·​one·​does·​not
1472 »       ​····​get·​to·​be·​a·​committer·​by·​being·​stupid·​and·​nothing·​rankles1472 »       ​····​get·​to·​be·​a·​committer·​by·​being·​stupid·​and·​nothing·​rankles
1473 »       ​····​more·​than·​being·​treated·​that·​way·​by·​one·​of·​your·​peers.​1473 »       ​····​more·​than·​being·​treated·​that·​way·​by·​one·​of·​your·​peers.​
1474 »       ​····​Whether·​we·​always·​feel·​respect·​for·​one·​another·​or·​not·​(and1474 »       ​····​Whether·​we·​always·​feel·​respect·​for·​one·​another·​or·​not·​(and
1475 »       ​····​everyone·​has·​off·​days)​,​·​we·​still·​have·​to1475 »       ​····​everyone·​has·​off·​days)​,​·​we·​still·​have·​to
1476 »       ​····​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​treat</​em></​span>·​other·​committers·​with·​respect1476 »       ​····​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​treat</​em></​span>·​other·​committers·​with·​respect
Offset 1668, 15 lines modifiedOffset 1668, 15 lines modified
1668 »       ​····​commit·​there!</​p><p>Please·​note·​that·​this·​does·​not·​mean·​you·​should·​not·​try1668 »       ​····​commit·​there!</​p><p>Please·​note·​that·​this·​does·​not·​mean·​you·​should·​not·​try
1669 »       ​····​to·​improve·​the·​software·​in·​question;​·​you·​are·​still·​more1669 »       ​····​to·​improve·​the·​software·​in·​question;​·​you·​are·​still·​more
1670 »       ​····​than·​welcome·​to·​do·​so.​··​Ideally,​·​you·​should·​submit·​your1670 »       ​····​than·​welcome·​to·​do·​so.​··​Ideally,​·​you·​should·​submit·​your
1671 »       ​····​patches·​to·​the·​vendor.​··​If·​your·​changes·​are1671 »       ​····​patches·​to·​the·​vendor.​··​If·​your·​changes·​are
1672 »       ​····​FreeBSD-​specific,​·​talk·​to·​the·​maintainer;​·​they·​may·​be1672 »       ​····​FreeBSD-​specific,​·​talk·​to·​the·​maintainer;​·​they·​may·​be
1673 »       ​····​willing·​to·​apply·​them·​locally.​··​But·​whatever·​you·​do,​·​do1673 »       ​····​willing·​to·​apply·​them·​locally.​··​But·​whatever·​you·​do,​·​do
1674 »       ​····​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​not</​em></​span>·​commit·​there·​by·​yourself!</​p><p>Contact·​the·​Core·​Team·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​core@FreeBSD.​org">core@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>·​if·​you·​wish·​to·​take·​up1674 »       ​····​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​not</​em></​span>·​commit·​there·​by·​yourself!</​p><p>Contact·​the·​Core·​Team·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​core@FreeBSD.​org">core@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>·​if·​you·​wish·​to·​take·​up
1675 »       ​····​maintainership·​of·​an·​unmaintained·​part·​of·​the·​tree.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63655096"></​a>17.​2.​ Policy·​on·​Multiple·​Architectures</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD·​has·​added·​several·​new·​architecture·​ports·​during1675 »       ​····​maintainership·​of·​an·​unmaintained·​part·​of·​the·​tree.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63737016"></​a>17.​2.​ Policy·​on·​Multiple·​Architectures</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>FreeBSD·​has·​added·​several·​new·​architecture·​ports·​during
1676 »       ​recent·​release·​cycles·​and·​is·​truly·​no·​longer·​an·​<span·​class="trademark">i38​6</​span>&#8482;​·​centric1676 »       ​recent·​release·​cycles·​and·​is·​truly·​no·​longer·​an·​<span·​class="trademark">i38​6</​span>&#8482;​·​centric
1677 »       ​operating·​system.​··​In·​an·​effort·​to·​make·​it·​easier·​to·​keep1677 »       ​operating·​system.​··​In·​an·​effort·​to·​make·​it·​easier·​to·​keep
1678 »       ​FreeBSD·​portable·​across·​the·​platforms·​we·​support,​·​core·​has1678 »       ​FreeBSD·​portable·​across·​the·​platforms·​we·​support,​·​core·​has
1679 »       ​developed·​the·​following·​mandate:​</​p><div·​class="blockquote"><b​lockquote·​class="blockquote"><p​>Our·​32-​bit·​reference·​platform·​is·​i386,​·​and·​our1679 »       ​developed·​the·​following·​mandate:​</​p><div·​class="blockquote"><b​lockquote·​class="blockquote"><p​>Our·​32-​bit·​reference·​platform·​is·​i386,​·​and·​our
1680 »       ​··​64-​bit·​reference·​platform·​is·​sparc64.​··​Major·​design1680 »       ​··​64-​bit·​reference·​platform·​is·​sparc64.​··​Major·​design
1681 »       ​··​work·​(including·​major·​API·​and·​ABI·​changes)​·​must·​prove1681 »       ​··​work·​(including·​major·​API·​and·​ABI·​changes)​·​must·​prove
1682 »       ​··​itself·​on·​at·​least·​one·​32-​bit·​and·​at·​least·​one·​64-​bit1682 »       ​··​itself·​on·​at·​least·​one·​32-​bit·​and·​at·​least·​one·​64-​bit
Offset 1692, 15 lines modifiedOffset 1692, 15 lines modified
1692 »       ​availability·​of·​the·​64-​bit·​platforms·​change.​</​p><p>Developers·​should·​also·​be·​aware·​of·​our·​Tier·​Policy·​for1692 »       ​availability·​of·​the·​64-​bit·​platforms·​change.​</​p><p>Developers·​should·​also·​be·​aware·​of·​our·​Tier·​Policy·​for
1693 »       ​the·​long·​term·​support·​of·​hardware·​architectures.​··​The·​rules1693 »       ​the·​long·​term·​support·​of·​hardware·​architectures.​··​The·​rules
1694 »       ​here·​are·​intended·​to·​provide·​guidance·​during·​the·​development1694 »       ​here·​are·​intended·​to·​provide·​guidance·​during·​the·​development
1695 »       ​process,​·​and·​are·​distinct·​from·​the·​requirements·​for·​features1695 »       ​process,​·​and·​are·​distinct·​from·​the·​requirements·​for·​features
1696 »       ​and·​architectures·​listed·​in·​that·​section.​··​The·​Tier·​rules·​for1696 »       ​and·​architectures·​listed·​in·​that·​section.​··​The·​Tier·​rules·​for
1697 »       ​feature·​support·​on·​architectures·​at·​release-​time·​are·​more1697 »       ​feature·​support·​on·​architectures·​at·​release-​time·​are·​more
1698 »       ​strict·​than·​the·​rules·​for·​changes·​during·​the·​development1698 »       ​strict·​than·​the·​rules·​for·​changes·​during·​the·​development
1699 »       ​process.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63671352"></​a>17.​3.​ Other·​Suggestions</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>When·​committing·​documentation·​changes,​·​use·​a·​spell·​checker1699 »       ​process.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63740984"></​a>17.​3.​ Other·​Suggestions</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>When·​committing·​documentation·​changes,​·​use·​a·​spell·​checker
1700 »       ​before·​committing.​··​For·​all·​XML·​docs,​·​verify·​that·​the1700 »       ​before·​committing.​··​For·​all·​XML·​docs,​·​verify·​that·​the
1701 »       ​formatting·​directives·​are·​correct·​by·​running1701 »       ​formatting·​directives·​are·​correct·​by·​running
1702 »       ​<code·​class="command">make·​lint</​code>·​and1702 »       ​<code·​class="command">make·​lint</​code>·​and
1703 »       ​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="package"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​freebsd.​org/​cgi/​url.​cgi?ports/​textproc/​igor/​pkg-​descr">textproc/​igor</​a>.​</​p><p>For·​manual·​pages,​·​run·​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="package"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​freebsd.​org/​cgi/​url.​cgi?ports/​sysutils/​manck/​pkg-​descr">sysutils/​manck</​a>1703 »       ​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="package"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​freebsd.​org/​cgi/​url.​cgi?ports/​textproc/​igor/​pkg-​descr">textproc/​igor</​a>.​</​p><p>For·​manual·​pages,​·​run·​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="package"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​freebsd.​org/​cgi/​url.​cgi?ports/​sysutils/​manck/​pkg-​descr">sysutils/​manck</​a>
1704 »       ​and·​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="package"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​freebsd.​org/​cgi/​url.​cgi?ports/​textproc/​igor/​pkg-​descr">textproc/​igor</​a>1704 »       ​and·​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="package"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​freebsd.​org/​cgi/​url.​cgi?ports/​textproc/​igor/​pkg-​descr">textproc/​igor</​a>
1705 »       ​over·​the·​manual·​page·​to·​verify·​all·​of·​the·​cross1705 »       ​over·​the·​manual·​page·​to·​verify·​all·​of·​the·​cross
1706 »       ​references·​and·​file·​references·​are·​correct·​and·​that·​the·​man1706 »       ​references·​and·​file·​references·​are·​correct·​and·​that·​the·​man
Offset 1710, 24 lines modifiedOffset 1710, 24 lines modified
1710 »       ​the·​code.​··​Mixing·​the·​changes·​obfuscates·​the·​functionality1710 »       ​the·​code.​··​Mixing·​the·​changes·​obfuscates·​the·​functionality
1711 »       ​change·​when·​asking·​for·​differences·​between·​revisions,​·​which1711 »       ​change·​when·​asking·​for·​differences·​between·​revisions,​·​which
1712 »       ​can·​hide·​any·​new·​bugs.​··​Do·​not·​include·​whitespace·​changes·​with1712 »       ​can·​hide·​any·​new·​bugs.​··​Do·​not·​include·​whitespace·​changes·​with
1713 »       ​content·​changes·​in·​commits·​to·​<code·​class="filename">doc/​</​code>·​.​1713 »       ​content·​changes·​in·​commits·​to·​<code·​class="filename">doc/​</​code>·​.​
1714 »       ​The·​extra·​clutter·​in·​the·​diffs1714 »       ​The·​extra·​clutter·​in·​the·​diffs
1715 »       ​makes·​the·​translators'·​job·​much·​more·​difficult.​··​Instead,​·​make1715 »       ​makes·​the·​translators'·​job·​much·​more·​difficult.​··​Instead,​·​make
1716 »       ​any·​style·​or·​whitespace·​changes·​in·​separate·​commits·​that·​are1716 »       ​any·​style·​or·​whitespace·​changes·​in·​separate·​commits·​that·​are
1717 »       ​clearly·​labeled·​as·​such·​in·​the·​commit·​message.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63679672"></​a>17.​4.​ Deprecating·​Features</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>When·​it·​is·​necessary·​to·​remove·​functionality·​from·​software1717 »       ​clearly·​labeled·​as·​such·​in·​the·​commit·​message.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63749304"></​a>17.​4.​ Deprecating·​Features</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>When·​it·​is·​necessary·​to·​remove·​functionality·​from·​software
1718 »       ​in·​the·​base·​system·​the·​following·​guidelines·​should·​be·​followed1718 »       ​in·​the·​base·​system·​the·​following·​guidelines·​should·​be·​followed
1719 »       ​whenever·​possible:​</​p><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>M​ention·​is·​made·​in·​the·​manual·​page·​and·​possibly·​the1719 »       ​whenever·​possible:​</​p><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>M​ention·​is·​made·​in·​the·​manual·​page·​and·​possibly·​the
1720 »       ​····​release·​notes·​that·​the·​option,​·​utility,​·​or·​interface·​is1720 »       ​····​release·​notes·​that·​the·​option,​·​utility,​·​or·​interface·​is
1721 »       ​····​deprecated.​··​Use·​of·​the·​deprecated·​feature·​generates·​a1721 »       ​····​deprecated.​··​Use·​of·​the·​deprecated·​feature·​generates·​a
1722 »       ​····​warning.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​he·​option,​·​utility,​·​or·​interface·​is·​preserved·​until1722 »       ​····​warning.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​he·​option,​·​utility,​·​or·​interface·​is·​preserved·​until
1723 »       ​····​the·​next·​major·​(point·​zero)​·​release.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​he·​option,​·​utility,​·​or·​interface·​is·​removed·​and·​no1723 »       ​····​the·​next·​major·​(point·​zero)​·​release.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​he·​option,​·​utility,​·​or·​interface·​is·​removed·​and·​no
1724 »       ​····​longer·​documented.​··​It·​is·​now·​obsolete.​··​It·​is·​also1724 »       ​····​longer·​documented.​··​It·​is·​now·​obsolete.​··​It·​is·​also
1725 »       ​····​generally·​a·​good·​idea·​to·​note·​its·​removal·​in·​the·​release1725 »       ​····​generally·​a·​good·​idea·​to·​note·​its·​removal·​in·​the·​release
1726 »       ​····​notes.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63695800"></​a>17.​5.​ Privacy·​and·​Confidentiality</​h3></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>M​ost·​FreeBSD·​business·​is·​done·​in·​public.​</​p><p>FreeBSD·​is·​an·​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​open</​em></​span>·​project.​··​Which1726 »       ​····​notes.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63753144"></​a>17.​5.​ Privacy·​and·​Confidentiality</​h3></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="orderedlist"><​ol·​class="orderedlist"·​type="1"><li·​class="listitem"><p>M​ost·​FreeBSD·​business·​is·​done·​in·​public.​</​p><p>FreeBSD·​is·​an·​<span·​class="emphasis"><em>​open</​em></​span>·​project.​··​Which
1727 »       ​····​means·​that·​not·​only·​can·​anyone·​use·​the·​source·​code,​·​but1727 »       ​····​means·​that·​not·​only·​can·​anyone·​use·​the·​source·​code,​·​but
1728 »       ​····​that·​most·​of·​the·​development·​process·​is·​open·​to·​public1728 »       ​····​that·​most·​of·​the·​development·​process·​is·​open·​to·​public
1729 »       ​····​scrutiny.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>C​ertain·​sensitive·​matters·​must·​remain·​private·​or1729 »       ​····​scrutiny.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>C​ertain·​sensitive·​matters·​must·​remain·​private·​or
1730 »       ​····​held·​under·​embargo.​</​p><p>There·​unfortunately·​cannot·​be·​complete·​transparency.​1730 »       ​····​held·​under·​embargo.​</​p><p>There·​unfortunately·​cannot·​be·​complete·​transparency.​
1731 »       ​····​As·​a·​FreeBSD·​developer·​you·​will·​have·​a·​certain·​degree·​of1731 »       ​····​As·​a·​FreeBSD·​developer·​you·​will·​have·​a·​certain·​degree·​of
1732 »       ​····​privileged·​access·​to·​information.​··​Consequently·​you·​are1732 »       ​····​privileged·​access·​to·​information.​··​Consequently·​you·​are
1733 »       ​····​expected·​to·​respect·​certain·​requirements·​for1733 »       ​····​expected·​to·​respect·​certain·​requirements·​for
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1781 ······​to·​current·​hardware·​trends.​··​Each·​new·​hardware·​architecture1781 ······​to·​current·​hardware·​trends.​··​Each·​new·​hardware·​architecture
1782 ······​supported·​by·​FreeBSD·​adds·​substantially·​to·​the·​cost·​of·​code1782 ······​supported·​by·​FreeBSD·​adds·​substantially·​to·​the·​cost·​of·​code
1783 ······​maintenance,​·​toolchain·​support,​·​and·​release·​engineering.​··​It1783 ······​maintenance,​·​toolchain·​support,​·​and·​release·​engineering.​··​It
1784 ······​also·​dramatically·​increases·​the·​cost·​of·​effective·​testing·​of1784 ······​also·​dramatically·​increases·​the·​cost·​of·​effective·​testing·​of
1785 ······​kernel·​changes.​··​As·​such,​·​there·​is·​strong·​motivation·​to1785 ······​kernel·​changes.​··​As·​such,​·​there·​is·​strong·​motivation·​to
1786 ······​differentiate·​between·​classes·​of·​support·​for·​various1786 ······​differentiate·​between·​classes·​of·​support·​for·​various
1787 ······​architectures·​while·​remaining·​strong·​in·​a·​few·​key·​architectures1787 ······​architectures·​while·​remaining·​strong·​in·​a·​few·​key·​architectures
1788 ······​that·​are·​seen·​as·​the·​FreeBSD·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">target·​audience</​span>&#8221;​</​span>.​</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63728696"></​a>18.​1.​ Statement·​of·​General·​Intent</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​FreeBSD·​Project·​targets·​"production·​quality·​commercial1788 ······​that·​are·​seen·​as·​the·​FreeBSD·​<span·​class="quote">&#8220;​<span·​class="quote">target·​audience</​span>&#8221;​</​span>.​</​p><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63777848"></​a>18.​1.​ Statement·​of·​General·​Intent</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>The·​FreeBSD·​Project·​targets·​"production·​quality·​commercial
1789 »       ​off-​the-​shelf·​(COTS)​·​workstation,​·​server,​·​and·​high-​end1789 »       ​off-​the-​shelf·​(COTS)​·​workstation,​·​server,​·​and·​high-​end
1790 »       ​embedded·​systems".​··​By·​retaining·​a·​focus·​on·​a·​narrow·​set·​of1790 »       ​embedded·​systems".​··​By·​retaining·​a·​focus·​on·​a·​narrow·​set·​of
1791 »       ​architectures·​of·​interest·​in·​these·​environments,​·​the·​FreeBSD1791 »       ​architectures·​of·​interest·​in·​these·​environments,​·​the·​FreeBSD
1792 »       ​Project·​is·​able·​to·​maintain·​high·​levels·​of·​quality,​·​stability,​1792 »       ​Project·​is·​able·​to·​maintain·​high·​levels·​of·​quality,​·​stability,​
1793 »       ​and·​performance,​·​as·​well·​as·​minimize·​the·​load·​on·​various1793 »       ​and·​performance,​·​as·​well·​as·​minimize·​the·​load·​on·​various
1794 »       ​support·​teams·​on·​the·​project,​·​such·​as·​the·​ports·​team,​1794 »       ​support·​teams·​on·​the·​project,​·​such·​as·​the·​ports·​team,​
1795 »       ​documentation·​team,​·​security·​officer,​·​and·​release·​engineering1795 »       ​documentation·​team,​·​security·​officer,​·​and·​release·​engineering
Offset 1800, 15 lines modifiedOffset 1800, 15 lines modified
1800 »       ​be·​carefully·​considered·​in·​terms·​of·​the·​real-​world·​maintenance1800 »       ​be·​carefully·​considered·​in·​terms·​of·​the·​real-​world·​maintenance
1801 »       ​cost·​associated·​with·​additional·​platform·​support.​</​p><p>The·​FreeBSD·​Project·​differentiates·​platform·​targets·​into1801 »       ​cost·​associated·​with·​additional·​platform·​support.​</​p><p>The·​FreeBSD·​Project·​differentiates·​platform·​targets·​into
1802 »       ​four·​tiers.​··​Each·​tier·​includes·​a·​specification·​of·​the1802 »       ​four·​tiers.​··​Each·​tier·​includes·​a·​specification·​of·​the
1803 »       ​requirements·​for·​an·​architecture·​to·​be·​in·​that·​tier,​1803 »       ​requirements·​for·​an·​architecture·​to·​be·​in·​that·​tier,​
1804 »       ​as·​well·​as·​specifying·​the·​obligations·​of·​developers·​with1804 »       ​as·​well·​as·​specifying·​the·​obligations·​of·​developers·​with
1805 »       ​regards·​to·​the·​platform.​··​In·​addition,​·​a·​policy·​is·​defined1805 »       ​regards·​to·​the·​platform.​··​In·​addition,​·​a·​policy·​is·​defined
1806 »       ​regarding·​the·​circumstances·​required·​to·​change·​the·​tier1806 »       ​regarding·​the·​circumstances·​required·​to·​change·​the·​tier
1807 »       ​of·​an·​architecture.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63730232"></​a>18.​2.​ Tier·​1:​·​Fully·​Supported·​Architectures</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Tier·​1·​platforms·​are·​fully·​supported·​by·​the·​security1807 »       ​of·​an·​architecture.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63779384"></​a>18.​2.​ Tier·​1:​·​Fully·​Supported·​Architectures</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Tier·​1·​platforms·​are·​fully·​supported·​by·​the·​security
1808 »       ​officer,​·​release·​engineering,​·​and·​toolchain·​maintenance·​staff.​1808 »       ​officer,​·​release·​engineering,​·​and·​toolchain·​maintenance·​staff.​
1809 »       ​New·​features·​added·​to·​the·​operating·​system·​must·​be·​fully1809 »       ​New·​features·​added·​to·​the·​operating·​system·​must·​be·​fully
1810 »       ​functional·​across·​all·​Tier·​1·​architectures·​for·​every·​release1810 »       ​functional·​across·​all·​Tier·​1·​architectures·​for·​every·​release
1811 »       ​(features·​which·​are·​inherently·​architecture-​specific,​·​such·​as1811 »       ​(features·​which·​are·​inherently·​architecture-​specific,​·​such·​as
1812 »       ​support·​for·​hardware·​device·​drivers,​·​may·​be·​exempt·​from·​this1812 »       ​support·​for·​hardware·​device·​drivers,​·​may·​be·​exempt·​from·​this
1813 »       ​requirement)​.​··​In·​general,​·​all·​Tier·​1·​platforms·​must·​have1813 »       ​requirement)​.​··​In·​general,​·​all·​Tier·​1·​platforms·​must·​have
1814 »       ​build·​and·​Tinderbox·​support·​either·​in·​the·​FreeBSD.​org·​cluster,​1814 »       ​build·​and·​Tinderbox·​support·​either·​in·​the·​FreeBSD.​org·​cluster,​
Offset 1830, 15 lines modifiedOffset 1830, 15 lines modified
1830 »       ​platform.​</​p><p>Tier·​1·​embedded·​architectures·​must·​be·​able·​to·​cross-​build1830 »       ​platform.​</​p><p>Tier·​1·​embedded·​architectures·​must·​be·​able·​to·​cross-​build
1831 »       ​packages·​on·​at·​least·​one·​other·​Tier·​1·​architecture.​··​The1831 »       ​packages·​on·​at·​least·​one·​other·​Tier·​1·​architecture.​··​The
1832 »       ​packages·​must·​be·​the·​most·​relevant·​for·​the·​platform,​·​but·​may1832 »       ​packages·​must·​be·​the·​most·​relevant·​for·​the·​platform,​·​but·​may
1833 »       ​be·​a·​non-​empty·​subset·​of·​those·​that·​build·​natively.​</​p><p>Tier·​1·​architectures·​must·​be·​fully·​documented.​··​All·​basic1833 »       ​be·​a·​non-​empty·​subset·​of·​those·​that·​build·​natively.​</​p><p>Tier·​1·​architectures·​must·​be·​fully·​documented.​··​All·​basic
1834 »       ​operations·​need·​to·​be·​covered·​by·​the·​handbook·​or·​other1834 »       ​operations·​need·​to·​be·​covered·​by·​the·​handbook·​or·​other
1835 »       ​documents.​··​All·​relevant·​integration·​documentation·​must·​also1835 »       ​documents.​··​All·​relevant·​integration·​documentation·​must·​also
1836 »       ​be·​integrated·​into·​the·​tree,​·​or·​readily·​available.​</​p><p>Current·​Tier·​1·​platforms·​are·​i386·​and1836 »       ​be·​integrated·​into·​the·​tree,​·​or·​readily·​available.​</​p><p>Current·​Tier·​1·​platforms·​are·​i386·​and
1837 »       ​amd64.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63737784"></​a>18.​3.​ Tier·​2:​·​Developmental·​Architectures</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Tier·​2·​platforms·​are·​not·​supported·​by·​the·​security·​officer1837 »       ​amd64.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63782840"></​a>18.​3.​ Tier·​2:​·​Developmental·​Architectures</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Tier·​2·​platforms·​are·​not·​supported·​by·​the·​security·​officer
1838 »       ​and·​release·​engineering·​teams.​··​Platform·​maintainers·​are1838 »       ​and·​release·​engineering·​teams.​··​Platform·​maintainers·​are
1839 »       ​responsible·​for·​toolchain·​support·​in·​the·​tree.​··​The·​toolchain1839 »       ​responsible·​for·​toolchain·​support·​in·​the·​tree.​··​The·​toolchain
1840 »       ​maintainers·​are·​expected·​to·​work·​with·​the·​platform·​maintainers1840 »       ​maintainers·​are·​expected·​to·​work·​with·​the·​platform·​maintainers
1841 »       ​to·​refine·​these·​changes.​··​Major·​new·​toolchain·​components·​are1841 »       ​to·​refine·​these·​changes.​··​Major·​new·​toolchain·​components·​are
1842 »       ​allowed·​to·​break·​support·​for·​Tier·​2·​architectures·​if·​the1842 »       ​allowed·​to·​break·​support·​for·​Tier·​2·​architectures·​if·​the
1843 »       ​FreeBSD-​local·​changes·​have·​not·​been·​incorporated·​upstream.​1843 »       ​FreeBSD-​local·​changes·​have·​not·​been·​incorporated·​upstream.​
1844 »       ​The·​toolchain·​maintainers·​are·​expected·​to·​provide·​prompt1844 »       ​The·​toolchain·​maintainers·​are·​expected·​to·​provide·​prompt
Offset 1871, 15 lines modifiedOffset 1871, 15 lines modified
1871 »       ​must·​be·​available.​</​p><p>Tier·​2·​architectures·​can·​be·​integrated·​into·​the·​FreeBSD1871 »       ​must·​be·​available.​</​p><p>Tier·​2·​architectures·​can·​be·​integrated·​into·​the·​FreeBSD
1872 »       ​handbook.​··​The·​basics·​for·​how·​to·​get·​a·​system·​running·​must·​be1872 »       ​handbook.​··​The·​basics·​for·​how·​to·​get·​a·​system·​running·​must·​be
1873 »       ​documented,​·​although·​not·​necessarily·​for·​every·​single·​board·​or1873 »       ​documented,​·​although·​not·​necessarily·​for·​every·​single·​board·​or
1874 »       ​system·​a·​Tier·​2·​architecture·​supports.​··​The·​supported·​hardware1874 »       ​system·​a·​Tier·​2·​architecture·​supports.​··​The·​supported·​hardware
1875 »       ​list·​must·​exist·​and·​should·​be·​relatively·​recent.​··​It·​should·​be1875 »       ​list·​must·​exist·​and·​should·​be·​relatively·​recent.​··​It·​should·​be
1876 »       ​integrated·​into·​the·​FreeBSD·​documentation.​</​p><p>Current·​Tier·​2·​platforms·​are·​arm,​·​arm64,​1876 »       ​integrated·​into·​the·​FreeBSD·​documentation.​</​p><p>Current·​Tier·​2·​platforms·​are·​arm,​·​arm64,​
1877 »       ​ia64·​(through·​FreeBSD·​10)​,​1877 »       ​ia64·​(through·​FreeBSD·​10)​,​
1878 »       ​pc98,​·​powerpc,​·​and·​sparc64.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63740472"></​a>18.​4.​ Tier·​3:​·​Experimental·​Architectures</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Tier·​3·​platforms·​are·​not·​supported·​by·​the·​security·​officer1878 »       ​pc98,​·​powerpc,​·​and·​sparc64.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63785528"></​a>18.​4.​ Tier·​3:​·​Experimental·​Architectures</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Tier·​3·​platforms·​are·​not·​supported·​by·​the·​security·​officer
1879 »       ​and·​release·​engineering·​teams.​··​At·​the·​discretion·​of·​the1879 »       ​and·​release·​engineering·​teams.​··​At·​the·​discretion·​of·​the
1880 »       ​toolchain·​maintainers,​·​they·​may·​be·​supported·​in·​the·​toolchain.​1880 »       ​toolchain·​maintainers,​·​they·​may·​be·​supported·​in·​the·​toolchain.​
1881 »       ​Tier·​3·​platforms·​are·​architectures·​in·​the·​early·​stages·​of1881 »       ​Tier·​3·​platforms·​are·​architectures·​in·​the·​early·​stages·​of
1882 »       ​development,​·​for·​non-​mainstream·​hardware·​platforms,​·​or·​which1882 »       ​development,​·​for·​non-​mainstream·​hardware·​platforms,​·​or·​which
1883 »       ​are·​considered·​legacy·​systems·​unlikely·​to·​see·​broad·​future1883 »       ​are·​considered·​legacy·​systems·​unlikely·​to·​see·​broad·​future
1884 »       ​use.​··​Initial·​support·​for·​Tier·​3·​platforms·​should·​be·​worked·​on1884 »       ​use.​··​Initial·​support·​for·​Tier·​3·​platforms·​should·​be·​worked·​on
1885 »       ​in·​external·​SCM·​repositories.​1885 »       ​in·​external·​SCM·​repositories.​
Offset 1891, 43 lines modifiedOffset 1891, 43 lines modified
1891 »       ​removed·​from·​the·​tree·​if·​they·​are·​no·​longer·​actively·​supported1891 »       ​removed·​from·​the·​tree·​if·​they·​are·​no·​longer·​actively·​supported
1892 »       ​by·​the·​FreeBSD·​developer·​community·​at·​the·​discretion·​of·​the1892 »       ​by·​the·​FreeBSD·​developer·​community·​at·​the·​discretion·​of·​the
1893 »       ​release·​engineer.​</​p><p>Tier·​3·​platforms·​may·​have·​ports·​support,​·​either·​integrated1893 »       ​release·​engineer.​</​p><p>Tier·​3·​platforms·​may·​have·​ports·​support,​·​either·​integrated
1894 »       ​or·​external,​·​but·​do·​not·​require·​it.​</​p><p>Tier·​3·​platforms·​must·​have·​the·​basics·​documented·​for·​how1894 »       ​or·​external,​·​but·​do·​not·​require·​it.​</​p><p>Tier·​3·​platforms·​must·​have·​the·​basics·​documented·​for·​how
1895 »       ​to·​build·​a·​kernel·​and·​how·​to·​boot·​it·​on·​at·​least·​one·​target1895 »       ​to·​build·​a·​kernel·​and·​how·​to·​boot·​it·​on·​at·​least·​one·​target
1896 »       ​hardware·​or·​emulation·​environment.​··​This·​documentation·​need1896 »       ​hardware·​or·​emulation·​environment.​··​This·​documentation·​need
1897 »       ​not·​be·​integrated·​into·​the·​FreeBSD·​tree.​</​p><p>Current·​Tier·​3·​platforms·​are·​mips,​·​and1897 »       ​not·​be·​integrated·​into·​the·​FreeBSD·​tree.​</​p><p>Current·​Tier·​3·​platforms·​are·​mips,​·​and
1898 »       ​riscv.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63755064"></​a>18.​5.​ Tier·​4:​·​Unsupported·​Architectures</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Tier·​4·​systems·​are·​not·​supported·​in·​any·​form·​by·​the1898 »       ​riscv.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63787832"></​a>18.​5.​ Tier·​4:​·​Unsupported·​Architectures</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Tier·​4·​systems·​are·​not·​supported·​in·​any·​form·​by·​the
1899 »       ​project.​</​p><p>All·​systems·​not·​otherwise·​classified·​into·​a·​support·​tier1899 »       ​project.​</​p><p>All·​systems·​not·​otherwise·​classified·​into·​a·​support·​tier
1900 »       ​are·​Tier·​4·​systems.​··​The·​ia64·​platform·​is·​transitioning1900 »       ​are·​Tier·​4·​systems.​··​The·​ia64·​platform·​is·​transitioning
1901 »       ​to·​Tier·​4·​status·​in·​FreeBSD·​11.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63756600"></​a>18.​6.​ Policy·​on·​Changing·​the·​Tier·​of·​an·​Architecture</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Systems·​may·​only·​be·​moved·​from·​one·​tier·​to·​another·​by1901 »       ​to·​Tier·​4·​status·​in·​FreeBSD·​11.​</​p></​div><div·​class="sect2"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h3·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"><a·​id="idp63789368"></​a>18.​6.​ Policy·​on·​Changing·​the·​Tier·​of·​an·​Architecture</​h3></​div></​div></​div><p>Systems·​may·​only·​be·​moved·​from·​one·​tier·​to·​another·​by
1902 »       ​approval·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​Core·​Team,​·​which·​shall·​make·​that1902 »       ​approval·​of·​the·​FreeBSD·​Core·​Team,​·​which·​shall·​make·​that
1903 »       ​decision·​in·​collaboration·​with·​the·​Security·​Officer,​·​Release1903 »       ​decision·​in·​collaboration·​with·​the·​Security·​Officer,​·​Release
1904 »       ​Engineering,​·​and·​toolchain·​maintenance·​teams.​</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="ports"></​a>19.​ Ports·​Specific·​FAQ</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="qandaset"><a·​id="idp63787320"></​a><dl><dt>19.​1.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​adding">Adding·​a·​New·​Port</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​1.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​add-​new">How·​do·​I·​add·​a·​new·​port?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​1.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​add-​new-​extra">Any·​other·​things·​I·​need·​to·​know·​when·​I·​add·​a·​new1904 »       ​Engineering,​·​and·​toolchain·​maintenance·​teams.​</​p></​div></​div><div·​class="sect1"><div·​xmlns=""·​class="titlepage"><di​v><div><h2·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml"·​class="title"·​style="clear:​·​both"><a·​id="ports"></​a>19.​ Ports·​Specific·​FAQ</​h2></​div></​div></​div><div·​class="qandaset"><a·​id="idp63820088"></​a><dl><dt>19.​1.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​adding">Adding·​a·​New·​Port</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​1.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​add-​new">How·​do·​I·​add·​a·​new·​port?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​1.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​add-​new-​extra">Any·​other·​things·​I·​need·​to·​know·​when·​I·​add·​a·​new
1905 »       ​······​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​2.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​removing">Removing·​an·​Existing·​Port</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​2.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​remove-​one">How·​do·​I·​remove·​an·​existing·​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​3.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​re-​adding">Re-​adding·​a·​Deleted·​Port</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​3.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​resurrect">How·​do·​I·​re-​add·​a·​deleted·​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​4.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​repocopies">Repositor​y·​Copies</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​4.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​repocopy-​when">When·​do·​we·​need·​a·​repository·​copy?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​4.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​repocopy-​how">What·​do·​I·​need·​to·​do?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​5.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​freeze">Ports·​Freeze</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​5.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​freeze-​what">What·​is·​a·​&#8220;​ports·​freeze&#8221;​?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​6.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​new-​category">Creating·​a·​New·​Category</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​6.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​new-​category-​how">What·​is·​the·​procedure·​for·​creating·​a·​new1905 »       ​······​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​2.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​removing">Removing·​an·​Existing·​Port</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​2.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​remove-​one">How·​do·​I·​remove·​an·​existing·​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​3.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​re-​adding">Re-​adding·​a·​Deleted·​Port</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​3.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​resurrect">How·​do·​I·​re-​add·​a·​deleted·​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​4.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​repocopies">Repositor​y·​Copies</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​4.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​repocopy-​when">When·​do·​we·​need·​a·​repository·​copy?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​4.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​repocopy-​how">What·​do·​I·​need·​to·​do?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​5.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​freeze">Ports·​Freeze</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​5.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​freeze-​what">What·​is·​a·​&#8220;​ports·​freeze&#8221;​?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​6.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​new-​category">Creating·​a·​New·​Category</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​6.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​new-​category-​how">What·​is·​the·​procedure·​for·​creating·​a·​new
1906 »       ​······​category?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​6.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​new-​category-​physical">What·​do·​I·​need·​to·​do·​to·​implement·​a·​new·​physical1906 »       ​······​category?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​6.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​new-​category-​physical">What·​do·​I·​need·​to·​do·​to·​implement·​a·​new·​physical
1907 »       ​······​category?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​6.​3.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​new-​category-​virtual">What·​do·​I·​need·​to·​do·​to·​implement·​a·​new·​virtual1907 »       ​······​category?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​6.​3.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​new-​category-​virtual">What·​do·​I·​need·​to·​do·​to·​implement·​a·​new·​virtual
1908 »       ​······​category?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​7.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​questions">Miscellane​ous·​Questions</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​7.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​correctly-​building">How·​do·​I·​know·​if·​my·​port·​is·​building·​correctly·​or1908 »       ​······​category?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd><dt>19.​7.​··​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​questions">Miscellane​ous·​Questions</​a></​dt><dd><dl><dt>19.​7.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​correctly-​building">How·​do·​I·​know·​if·​my·​port·​is·​building·​correctly·​or
1909 »       ​······​not?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​7.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​INDEX">I·​added·​a·​new·​port.​··​Do·​I·​need·​to·​add·​it·​to·​the1909 »       ​······​not?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​7.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​INDEX">I·​added·​a·​new·​port.​··​Do·​I·​need·​to·​add·​it·​to·​the
1910 »       ​······​INDEX?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​7.​3.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​no-​touch">Are·​there·​any·​other·​files·​I·​am·​not·​allowed·​to1910 »       ​······​INDEX?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​7.​3.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​no-​touch">Are·​there·​any·​other·​files·​I·​am·​not·​allowed·​to
1911 »       ​······​touch?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​7.​4.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​updated-​distfile">What·​is·​the·​proper·​procedure·​for·​updating·​the1911 »       ​······​touch?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​7.​4.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​updated-​distfile">What·​is·​the·​proper·​procedure·​for·​updating·​the
1912 »       ​······​checksum·​for·​a·​port's·​distfile·​when·​the·​file·​changes1912 »       ​······​checksum·​for·​a·​port's·​distfile·​when·​the·​file·​changes
1913 »       ​······​without·​a·​version·​change?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​7.​5.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​request-​mfh">What·​is·​the·​procedure·​to·​request·​authorization·​for1913 »       ​······​without·​a·​version·​change?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​7.​5.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​misc-​request-​mfh">What·​is·​the·​procedure·​to·​request·​authorization·​for
1914 »       ​······​merging·​a·​commit·​to·​the·​quarterly·​branch?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd></​dl><table·​border="0"·​style="width:​·​100%;​"><colgroup><col·​align="left"·​width="1%"·​/​><col·​/​></​colgroup><tbody><tr·​class="qandadiv"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><h4·​class="title"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​adding"></​a>19.​1.​·​Adding·​a·​New·​Port</​h4></​td></​tr><tr·​class="toc"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><dl><dt>1​9.​1.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​add-​new">How·​do·​I·​add·​a·​new·​port?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​1.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​add-​new-​extra">Any·​other·​things·​I·​need·​to·​know·​when·​I·​add·​a·​new1914 »       ​······​merging·​a·​commit·​to·​the·​quarterly·​branch?</​a></​dt></​dl></​dd></​dl><table·​border="0"·​style="width:​·​100%;​"><colgroup><col·​align="left"·​width="1%"·​/​><col·​/​></​colgroup><tbody><tr·​class="qandadiv"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><h4·​class="title"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​adding"></​a>19.​1.​·​Adding·​a·​New·​Port</​h4></​td></​tr><tr·​class="toc"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><dl><dt>1​9.​1.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​add-​new">How·​do·​I·​add·​a·​new·​port?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​1.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​add-​new-​extra">Any·​other·​things·​I·​need·​to·​know·​when·​I·​add·​a·​new
1915 »       ​······​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​add-​new"></​a><a·​id="idp63788728"></​a><p><strong>19.​1.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>How·​do·​I·​add·​a·​new·​port?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>First​,​·​please·​read·​the·​section·​about·​repository1915 »       ​······​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​add-​new"></​a><a·​id="idp63821496"></​a><p><strong>19.​1.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>How·​do·​I·​add·​a·​new·​port?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>First​,​·​please·​read·​the·​section·​about·​repository
1916 »       ​······​copies.​</​p><p>The·​easiest·​way·​to·​add·​a·​new·​port·​is·​the1916 »       ​······​copies.​</​p><p>The·​easiest·​way·​to·​add·​a·​new·​port·​is·​the
1917 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">addpo​rt</​code>·​script·​located·​in·​the1917 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">addpo​rt</​code>·​script·​located·​in·​the
1918 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​Tools/​scripts</​code>·​directory.​··​It1918 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​Tools/​scripts</​code>·​directory.​··​It
1919 »       ​······​adds·​a·​port·​from·​the·​directory·​specified,​·​determining1919 »       ​······​adds·​a·​port·​from·​the·​directory·​specified,​·​determining
1920 »       ​······​the·​category·​automatically·​from·​the·​port1920 »       ​······​the·​category·​automatically·​from·​the·​port
1921 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">Make​file</​code>.​··​It·​also·​adds·​an·​entry·​to1921 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">Make​file</​code>.​··​It·​also·​adds·​an·​entry·​to
1922 »       ​······​the·​port's·​category·​<code·​class="filename">Make​file</​code>.​··​It1922 »       ​······​the·​port's·​category·​<code·​class="filename">Make​file</​code>.​··​It
1923 »       ​······​was·​written·​by·​Michael·​Haro·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​mharo@FreeBSD.​org">mharo@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,​·​Will·​Andrews·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​will@FreeBSD.​org">will@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,​·​and1923 »       ​······​was·​written·​by·​Michael·​Haro·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​mharo@FreeBSD.​org">mharo@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,​·​Will·​Andrews·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​will@FreeBSD.​org">will@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,​·​and
1924 »       ​······​Renato·​Botelho·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​garga@FreeBSD.​org">garga@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>.​··​When·​sending·​questions·​about·​this1924 »       ​······​Renato·​Botelho·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​garga@FreeBSD.​org">garga@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>.​··​When·​sending·​questions·​about·​this
1925 »       ​······​script·​to·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​ports"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​ports·​mailing·​list</​a>,​·​please·​also·​CC·​Chris·​Rees·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​crees@FreeBSD.​org">crees@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,​1925 »       ​······​script·​to·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​ports"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​ports·​mailing·​list</​a>,​·​please·​also·​CC·​Chris·​Rees·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​crees@FreeBSD.​org">crees@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,​
1926 »       ​······​the·​current·​maintainer.​</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​add-​new-​extra"></​a><a·​id="idp63794744"></​a><p><strong>19.​1.​2.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>Any·​other·​things·​I·​need·​to·​know·​when·​I·​add·​a·​new1926 »       ​······​the·​current·​maintainer.​</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​add-​new-​extra"></​a><a·​id="idp63831608"></​a><p><strong>19.​1.​2.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>Any·​other·​things·​I·​need·​to·​know·​when·​I·​add·​a·​new
1927 »       ​······​port?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>Check​·​the·​port,​·​preferably·​to·​make·​sure·​it·​compiles1927 »       ​······​port?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>Check​·​the·​port,​·​preferably·​to·​make·​sure·​it·​compiles
1928 »       ​······​and·​packages·​correctly.​··​This·​is·​the·​recommended1928 »       ​······​and·​packages·​correctly.​··​This·​is·​the·​recommended
1929 »       ​······​sequence:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>make·​install</​code></​strong>1929 »       ​······​sequence:​</​p><pre·​class="screen"><code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>make·​install</​code></​strong>
1930 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>make·​package</​code></​strong>1930 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>make·​package</​code></​strong>
1931 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>make·​deinstall</​code></​strong>1931 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>make·​deinstall</​code></​strong>
1932 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>pkg·​add·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>package·​you·​built·​above</​code></​em></​code></​strong>1932 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>pkg·​add·​<em·​class="replaceable"><​code>package·​you·​built·​above</​code></​em></​code></​strong>
1933 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>make·​deinstall</​code></​strong>1933 <code·​class="prompt">#</​code>·​<strong·​class="userinput"><co​de>make·​deinstall</​code></​strong>
Offset 1940, 15 lines modifiedOffset 1940, 15 lines modified
1940 »       ​······​ones.​</​p><p>If·​the·​port·​came·​from·​a·​submitter·​who·​has·​not1940 »       ​······​ones.​</​p><p>If·​the·​port·​came·​from·​a·​submitter·​who·​has·​not
1941 »       ​······​contributed·​to·​the·​Project·​before,​·​add·​that·​person's1941 »       ​······​contributed·​to·​the·​Project·​before,​·​add·​that·​person's
1942 »       ​······​name·​to·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​contributors/​contrib-​additional.​html"·​target="_top">Additio​nal1942 »       ​······​name·​to·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href=".​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​.​.​/​doc/​en_US.​ISO8859-​1/​articles/​contributors/​contrib-​additional.​html"·​target="_top">Additio​nal
1943 »       ​»       ​Contributors</​a>·​section·​of·​the·​FreeBSD1943 »       ​»       ​Contributors</​a>·​section·​of·​the·​FreeBSD
1944 »       ​······​Contributors·​List.​</​p><p>Close·​the·​PR·​if·​the·​port·​came·​in·​as·​a·​PR.​··​To·​close1944 »       ​······​Contributors·​List.​</​p><p>Close·​the·​PR·​if·​the·​port·​came·​in·​as·​a·​PR.​··​To·​close
1945 »       ​······​a·​PR,​·​change·​the·​state·​to·​<code·​class="literal">Issue​1945 »       ​······​a·​PR,​·​change·​the·​state·​to·​<code·​class="literal">Issue​
1946 »       ​······​Resolved</​code>·​and·​the·​resolution·​as1946 »       ​······​Resolved</​code>·​and·​the·​resolution·​as
1947 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">Fixed​</​code>.​</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="qandadiv"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><h4·​class="title"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​removing"></​a>19.​2.​·​Removing·​an·​Existing·​Port</​h4></​td></​tr><tr·​class="toc"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><dl><dt>1​9.​2.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​remove-​one">How·​do·​I·​remove·​an·​existing·​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​remove-​one"></​a><a·​id="idp63812024"></​a><p><strong>19.​2.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>How·​do·​I·​remove·​an·​existing·​port?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>First​,​·​please·​read·​the·​section·​about·​repository1947 »       ​······​<code·​class="literal">Fixed​</​code>.​</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="qandadiv"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><h4·​class="title"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​removing"></​a>19.​2.​·​Removing·​an·​Existing·​Port</​h4></​td></​tr><tr·​class="toc"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><dl><dt>1​9.​2.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​remove-​one">How·​do·​I·​remove·​an·​existing·​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​remove-​one"></​a><a·​id="idp63844792"></​a><p><strong>19.​2.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>How·​do·​I·​remove·​an·​existing·​port?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>First​,​·​please·​read·​the·​section·​about·​repository
1948 »       ​······​copies.​··​Before·​you·​remove·​the·​port,​·​you·​have·​to·​verify1948 »       ​······​copies.​··​Before·​you·​remove·​the·​port,​·​you·​have·​to·​verify
1949 »       ​······​there·​are·​no·​other·​ports·​depending·​on·​it.​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>M​ake·​sure·​there·​is·​no·​dependency·​on·​the·​port1949 »       ​······​there·​are·​no·​other·​ports·​depending·​on·​it.​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​disc;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>M​ake·​sure·​there·​is·​no·​dependency·​on·​the·​port
1950 »       ​»       ​··​in·​the·​ports·​collection:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​circle;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​he·​port's·​PKGNAME·​should·​appear·​in·​exactly1950 »       ​»       ​··​in·​the·​ports·​collection:​</​p><div·​class="itemizedlist">​<ul·​class="itemizedlist"·​style="list-​style-​type:​·​circle;​·​"><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​he·​port's·​PKGNAME·​should·​appear·​in·​exactly
1951 »       ​»       ​······​one·​line·​in·​a·​recent·​INDEX·​file.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>N​o·​other·​ports·​should·​contain·​any·​reference1951 »       ​»       ​······​one·​line·​in·​a·​recent·​INDEX·​file.​</​p></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>N​o·​other·​ports·​should·​contain·​any·​reference
1952 »       ​»       ​······​to·​the·​port's·​directory·​or·​PKGNAME·​in·​their1952 »       ​»       ​······​to·​the·​port's·​directory·​or·​PKGNAME·​in·​their
1953 »       ​»       ​······​Makefiles</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​hen,​·​remove·​the·​port:​</​p><div·​class="procedure"><ol​·​class="procedure"·​type="1"><li·​class="step"><p>Remov​e·​the·​port's·​files·​and·​directory·​with1953 »       ​»       ​······​Makefiles</​p></​li></​ul></​div></​li><li·​class="listitem"><p>T​hen,​·​remove·​the·​port:​</​p><div·​class="procedure"><ol​·​class="procedure"·​type="1"><li·​class="step"><p>Remov​e·​the·​port's·​files·​and·​directory·​with
1954 »       ​»       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​remove</​code>.​</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>Remov​e·​the·​<code·​class="varname">SUBDI​R</​code>·​listing1954 »       ​»       ​······​<code·​class="command">svn·​remove</​code>.​</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>Remov​e·​the·​<code·​class="varname">SUBDI​R</​code>·​listing
Offset 1957, 15 lines modifiedOffset 1957, 15 lines modified
1957 »       ​»       ​······​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​MOVED</​code>.​</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>Remov​e·​the·​port·​from1957 »       ​»       ​······​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​MOVED</​code>.​</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>Remov​e·​the·​port·​from
1958 »       ​»       ​······​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​LEGAL</​code>·​if·​it·​is1958 »       ​»       ​······​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​LEGAL</​code>·​if·​it·​is
1959 »       ​»       ​······​there.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div></​li></​ul></​div><p>Alternatively,​·​you·​can·​use·​the1959 »       ​»       ​······​there.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div></​li></​ul></​div><p>Alternatively,​·​you·​can·​use·​the
1960 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">rmpor​t</​code>·​script,​·​from1960 »       ​······​<code·​class="command">rmpor​t</​code>·​script,​·​from
1961 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​Tools/​scripts</​code>.​··​This·​script1961 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​Tools/​scripts</​code>.​··​This·​script
1962 »       ​······​was·​written·​by·​Vasil·​Dimov·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​vd@FreeBSD.​org">vd@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>.​··​When·​sending·​questions1962 »       ​······​was·​written·​by·​Vasil·​Dimov·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​vd@FreeBSD.​org">vd@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>.​··​When·​sending·​questions
1963 »       ​······​about·​this·​script·​to·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​ports"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​ports·​mailing·​list</​a>,​·​please·​also·​CC1963 »       ​······​about·​this·​script·​to·​the·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​lists.​FreeBSD.​org/​mailman/​listinfo/​freebsd-​ports"·​target="_top">FreeBSD​·​ports·​mailing·​list</​a>,​·​please·​also·​CC
1964 »       ​······​Chris·​Rees·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​crees@FreeBSD.​org">crees@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,​·​the·​current·​maintainer.​</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="qandadiv"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><h4·​class="title"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​re-​adding"></​a>19.​3.​·​Re-​adding·​a·​Deleted·​Port</​h4></​td></​tr><tr·​class="toc"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><dl><dt>1​9.​3.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​resurrect">How·​do·​I·​re-​add·​a·​deleted·​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​resurrect"></​a><a·​id="idp63839032"></​a><p><strong>19.​3.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>How·​do·​I·​re-​add·​a·​deleted·​port?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>This·​is·​essentially·​the·​reverse·​of·​deleting·​a1964 »       ​······​Chris·​Rees·​<code·​class="email">&lt;​<a·​xmlns=""·​class="email"·​href="mailto:​crees@FreeBSD.​org">crees@FreeBSD.​org</​a>&gt;​</​code>,​·​the·​current·​maintainer.​</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="qandadiv"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><h4·​class="title"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​re-​adding"></​a>19.​3.​·​Re-​adding·​a·​Deleted·​Port</​h4></​td></​tr><tr·​class="toc"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><dl><dt>1​9.​3.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​resurrect">How·​do·​I·​re-​add·​a·​deleted·​port?</​a></​dt></​dl></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​resurrect"></​a><a·​id="idp63417144"></​a><p><strong>19.​3.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>How·​do·​I·​re-​add·​a·​deleted·​port?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>This·​is·​essentially·​the·​reverse·​of·​deleting·​a
1965 »       ​······​port.​</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="important"><h3​·​class="admontitle">Im​portant:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">Do·​not·​use·​<code·​class="command">svn·​add</​code>·​to·​add·​the1965 »       ​······​port.​</​p><div·​xmlns=""·​class="important"><h3​·​class="admontitle">Im​portant:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">Do·​not·​use·​<code·​class="command">svn·​add</​code>·​to·​add·​the
1966 »       ​»       ​port.​··​Follow·​these·​steps.​··​If·​they·​are·​unclear,​·​or1966 »       ​»       ​port.​··​Follow·​these·​steps.​··​If·​they·​are·​unclear,​·​or
1967 »       ​»       ​are·​not·​working,​·​ask·​for·​help,​·​do·​not·​just1967 »       ​»       ​are·​not·​working,​·​ask·​for·​help,​·​do·​not·​just
1968 »       ​»       ​<code·​class="command">svn·​add</​code>·​the·​port.​</​p></​div><div·​class="procedure"><ol​·​class="procedure"·​type="1"><li·​class="step"><p>Figur​e·​out·​when·​the·​port·​was·​removed.​··​Use·​this1968 »       ​»       ​<code·​class="command">svn·​add</​code>·​the·​port.​</​p></​div><div·​class="procedure"><ol​·​class="procedure"·​type="1"><li·​class="step"><p>Figur​e·​out·​when·​the·​port·​was·​removed.​··​Use·​this
1969 »       ​»       ​··​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​people.​freebsd.​org/​~crees/​removed_ports/​index.​xml"·​target="_top">list</​a>,​1969 »       ​»       ​··​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​people.​freebsd.​org/​~crees/​removed_ports/​index.​xml"·​target="_top">list</​a>,​
1970 »       ​»       ​··​or·​look·​for·​the·​port·​on·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​freshports.​org/​"·​target="_top">freshpo​rts</​a>,​1970 »       ​»       ​··​or·​look·​for·​the·​port·​on·​<a·​class="link"·​href="http:​/​/​www.​freshports.​org/​"·​target="_top">freshpo​rts</​a>,​
1971 »       ​»       ​··​and·​then·​copy·​the·​last·​living·​revision·​of·​the1971 »       ​»       ​··​and·​then·​copy·​the·​last·​living·​revision·​of·​the
Offset 1990, 26 lines modifiedOffset 1990, 26 lines modified
1990 »       ​»       ​··​sorted.​</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>Delet​e·​the·​port·​entry·​from1990 »       ​»       ​··​sorted.​</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>Delet​e·​the·​port·​entry·​from
1991 »       ​»       ​··​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​MOVED</​code>.​</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>If·​the·​port·​had·​an·​entry·​in1991 »       ​»       ​··​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​MOVED</​code>.​</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p>If·​the·​port·​had·​an·​entry·​in
1992 »       ​»       ​··​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​LEGAL</​code>,​·​restore·​it.​</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p><code​·​class="command">svn·​commit</​code>·​these·​changes,​1992 »       ​»       ​··​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​LEGAL</​code>,​·​restore·​it.​</​p></​li><li·​class="step"><p><code​·​class="command">svn·​commit</​code>·​these·​changes,​
1993 »       ​»       ​··​preferably·​in·​one·​step.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div><div·​xmlns=""·​class="tip"><h3·​class="admontitle">Ti​p:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">The·​<code·​class="command">addpo​rt</​code>·​script·​mentioned·​in1993 »       ​»       ​··​preferably·​in·​one·​step.​</​p></​li></​ol></​div><div·​xmlns=""·​class="tip"><h3·​class="admontitle">Ti​p:​·​</​h3><p·​xmlns="http:​/​/​www.​w3.​org/​1999/​xhtml">The·​<code·​class="command">addpo​rt</​code>·​script·​mentioned·​in
1994 »       ​»       ​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#ports-​qa-​adding"·​title="Adding·​a·​New·​Port">Q·​&amp;​·​A 19.​1,​·​&#8220;​Adding·​a·​New·​Port&#8221;​</​a>·​now·​detects·​when·​the1994 »       ​»       ​<a·​class="xref"·​href="#ports-​qa-​adding"·​title="Adding·​a·​New·​Port">Q·​&amp;​·​A 19.​1,​·​&#8220;​Adding·​a·​New·​Port&#8221;​</​a>·​now·​detects·​when·​the
1995 »       ​»       ​port·​to·​add·​has·​previously·​existed,​·​and·​attempts·​to1995 »       ​»       ​port·​to·​add·​has·​previously·​existed,​·​and·​attempts·​to
1996 »       ​»       ​handle·​all·​except·​the·​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​LEGAL</​code>1996 »       ​»       ​handle·​all·​except·​the·​<code·​class="filename">port​s/​LEGAL</​code>
1997 »       ​»       ​step·​automatically.​</​p></​div></​td></​tr><tr·​class="qandadiv"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><h4·​class="title"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​repocopies"></​a>19.​4.​·​Repository·​Copies</​h4></​td></​tr><tr·​class="toc"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><dl><dt>1​9.​4.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​repocopy-​when">When·​do·​we·​need·​a·​repository·​copy?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​4.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​repocopy-​how">What·​do·​I·​need·​to·​do?</​a></​dt></​dl></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​repocopy-​when"></​a><a·​id="idp63863224"></​a><p><strong>19.​4.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>When·​do·​we·​need·​a·​repository·​copy?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>When·​you·​want·​to·​add·​a·​port·​that·​is·​related·​to·​any1997 »       ​»       ​step·​automatically.​</​p></​div></​td></​tr><tr·​class="qandadiv"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><h4·​class="title"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​repocopies"></​a>19.​4.​·​Repository·​Copies</​h4></​td></​tr><tr·​class="toc"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"·​colspan="2"><dl><dt>1​9.​4.​1.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​repocopy-​when">When·​do·​we·​need·​a·​repository·​copy?</​a></​dt><dt>19.​4.​2.​·​<a·​href="#ports-​qa-​repocopy-​how">What·​do·​I·​need·​to·​do?</​a></​dt></​dl></​td></​tr><tr·​class="question"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><a·​id="ports-​qa-​repocopy-​when"></​a><a·​id="idp63883704"></​a><p><strong>19.​4.​1.​</​strong></​p></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>When·​do·​we·​need·​a·​repository·​copy?</​p></​td></​tr><tr·​class="answer"><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"></​td><td·​align="left"·​valign="top"><p>When·​you·​want·​to·​add·​a·​port·​that·​is·​related·​to·​any
1998 »       ​······​port·​that·​is·​already·​in·​the·​tree·​in·​a·​separate1998 »       ​······​port·​that·​is·​already·​in·​the·​tree·​in·​a·​separate
1999 »       ​······​directory,​·​you·​have·​to·​do·​a·​repository·​copy.​··​Here1999 »       ​······​directory,​·​you·​have·​to·​do·​a·​repository·​copy.​··​Here
2000 »       ​······​<em·​class="wordasword">re​lated</​em>·​means·​it·​is·​a·​different2000 »       ​······​<em·​class="wordasword">re​lated</​em>·​means·​it·​is·​a·​different
2001 »       ​······​version·​or·​a·​slightly·​modified·​version.​··​Examples·​are2001 »       ​······​version·​or·​a·​slightly·​modified·​version.​··​Examples·​are
2002 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">prin​t/​ghostscript*</​code>·​(different2002 »       ​······​<code·​class="filename">prin​t/​ghostscript*</​code>·​(different
2003 »       ​······​versions)​·​and·​<code·​class="filename">x11-​wm/​windowmaker*</​code>2003 »       ​······​versions)​·​and·​<code·​class="filename">x11-​wm/​windowmaker*</​code>
2004 »       ​······​(English-​only·​and·​internationalized·​version)​.​</​p><p>Another·​example·​is·​when·​a·​port·​is·​moved·​from·​one2004 »       ​······​(English-​only·​and·​internationalized·​version)​.​</​p><p>Another·​example·​is·​when·​a·​port·​is·​moved·​from·​one
2005 »       ​······​subdirectory·​to·​another,​·​or·​when·​you·​want·​to·​change·​the2005 »       ​······​subdirectory·​to·​another,​·​or·​when·​you·​want·​to·​change·​the
2006 »       ​······​name·​of·​a·​directory·​because·​the·​author(s)​·​renamed·​their2006 »       ​······​name·​of·​a·​directory·​because·​the·​author(s)​·​renamed·​their
2007 »       ​······​software·​even·​though·​it·​is·​a·​descendant·​of·​a·​port2007 »       ​······​software·​even·​though·​it·​is·​a·​descendant·​of·​a·​port